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    CBEN408 11 Liquids Processing

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    CBEN408 11 Liquids Processing

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    CBEN408_11_Liquids_Processing

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    CBEN408 11 Liquids Processing

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    Liquids Processing

    Chapter 15
    Reasons for Liquids Processing
    Make a shippable liquid product
    ▪ Reduce vapor pressure
    Sweeten – reduce sulfur content
    Make individual salable products

    Updated: January 4, 2019


    2
    Copyright © 2019 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
    Plant Block Schematic

    Adapted from Figure 7.1,


    Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing, 2nd ed.
    Kidnay, Parrish, & McCartney

    Updated: January 4, 2019


    3
    Copyright © 2019 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
    Topics
    Condensate processing NGL processing
    ▪ Vapor pressure control ▪ Fractionation
    ▪ Sweetening ▪ Sweetening
    ▪ Dehydration • Amine treating
    • Adsorption
    • Caustic treating
    ▪ Dehydration
    • Adsorption
    • Dessicant (nonrenewable)
    • Gas stripping
    • Fractionation

    Updated: January 4, 2019


    4
    Copyright © 2019 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
    Condensate processing

    Updated: January 4, 2019


    Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
    Simple condensate processing
    Vapor pressure spec –
    10 – 34 psi RVP
    ▪ If trucked off site, more
    typically 9 – 12 psi RVP
    D86 end point no more
    than 375oF

    Ref: Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing, 2nd ed., Kidnay, et. al.

    Updated: January 4, 2019


    6
    Copyright © 2019 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
    NGL processing

    Updated: January 4, 2019


    Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
    Typical NGL Fractionation Conditions

    Ref: Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing, 2nd ed., Kidnay, et. al.

    Updated: January 4, 2019


    8
    Copyright © 2019 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
    Typical NGL Fractionation

    Ref: GPSA Engineering Data Book, 13th ed.

    Updated: January 4, 2019


    9
    Copyright © 2019 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
    Liquid Sweetening & Dehydration

    Updated: January 4, 2019


    Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
    Liquid Sweetening
    Upstream treatment of the gases will usually remove H2S but not
    CS2 or mercaptans
    Liquid treating options
    ▪ Amines – effectiveness is similar to gas treating
    ▪ Adsorption
    • Effective if no water is present
    ▪ Caustic treating
    • Converts sulfur compounds into water soluble mercaptan salt; oxidized
    with air to form dissulfide oil
    RSH + NaOH → RSNa + H2O
    2 RSNa + ½ O2 + H2O → RSSR + 2 NaOH

    Updated: January 4, 2019


    11
    Copyright © 2019 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
    Liquid Sweetening
    UOP’s Merox process is very common
    ▪ Catalytic oxidation process. Carried out in
    an alkaline environment with aqueous
    solution of NaOH (strong base) or NH3
    (weak base).
    ▪ Reactions (using NaOH)
    • Extraction:
    R-SH + NaOH → NaS-R + H2O Ref: Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing, 2nd ed., Kidnay, et. al.
    • Regeneration:
    4 NaS-R + O2 + 2 H2O → 2 R-S-S-R + 4 NaOH
    • Overall:
    4 R-SH + O2 → 2 R-S-S-R + 2 H2O
    ▪ Can control to less than 10 ppmw
    mercaptan level
    ▪ Dissulphides leave in the Merox reactor in
    caustic/aqueous phase. Once oxidized
    forms a non-soluble disulfide oil.

    http://www.uop.com/uop-merox-gas-treating-flow-scheme/

    Updated: January 4, 2019


    12
    Copyright © 2019 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
    Liquid Dehydration
    Low mutual
    solubility of liquid
    water & liquid
    hydrocarbons
    ▪ Greatest
    mutual
    solubility is
    with water &
    aromatics
    (benzene, …)
    Process options:
    ▪ Adsorption
    (e.g., mole
    sieves)
    ▪ Desiccant
    ▪ Gas stripping
    Updated: January 4, 2019
    13
    Copyright © 2019 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
    Summary

    Updated: January 4, 2019


    Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
    Summary
    Extent of processing depends on product(s) to be made
    ▪ Simplest processing is to stabilize the condensate
    Separation into multiple products usually done at large facility or
    centralized processing facility
    ▪ Separate the lightest fractions first
    ▪ Separate isomers after carbon-number fraction separated from rest of
    liquids
    Sweetening
    ▪ Merox unit can remove all sulfur compounds – makes disulfide oils
    Dehydration
    ▪ Typical processes are mole sieve adsorption, desiccant adsorption, & gas
    stripping
    Updated: January 4, 2019
    15
    Copyright © 2019 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)

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