Affordable Housing Report

Affordable housing
in India
Overview of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
April 2021
Contents
Foreword 03
Preface 05
Need of affordable housing in india 06
History of the housing scheme 08

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) 11
PMAY- Urban (PMAY(U)) 14
Administration and implementation structure 16
Current progress and target of PMAY(U) 17
Impact on indian economy 20
E-Governance: AwaasSoft, AwaasApp and accountability systems 23
Way forward 24
Grant Thornton Bharat’s role in managing PMAY scheme for Maharashtra 30
Benchmarking - best practices followed by other states 36
IEC schemes with respect to PMAY 39
Inauguration of light house project under GHTC [15] 43

Appendix 45
02 Affordable housing in India

Foreword
Post COVID-19, Prime Minister gave a call for “Aatmanirbhar Bharat” to promote economic
activities. Aligned with this vision, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs initiated Affordable
Rental Housing Complexes (ARHCs) as a pro-poor and significant step for urban migrants/
poor. It will be run under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban. This initiative is being taken
up for the first time in the country to improve living conditions and obviate the consumers
from staying in slums, informal settlements or semi-urban areas. These ARHCs will provide
dignified living with all civic amenities in proximity to their workplace post COVID-19.
The PMAY has been at the forefront of affordable housing and pioneered the housing
landscape in the country.
Having been associated with the organisation in several capacities over the years, it gives me immense pleasure
to see it growing from strength to strength. The organisation is well poised to implement this. Grant Thornton
Bharat has had a fruitful and enriching partnership with the Housing Department in Maharashtra. We have been
part of its growth story and new initiatives. We shall endeavour to set up a strong and sustainable implementation
mechanism towards fulfilling the goals of the vision enshrined here and continue to contribute to the larger goal of
socio-economic progress through affordable housing project implementation.
T Ravinder Reddy
Partner,
Public Sector, Grant Thornton Bharat LLP
To bring back the migrants to urban centers post COVID -19, Government of India
launched the ARHCs for urban migrants/ poor as a sub-scheme under Housing for All –
PMAY (U). This is a significant step towards providing affordable and safe social rental
housing to the migrants, students, and other vulnerable sections of the society. This
scheme seeks to fulfill the vision of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat. These ARHCs will create new
ecosystem in urban areas making housing available at affordable rent close to the place
of work. The scheme provides an opportunity for all States/UTs to convert their existing
vacant houses constructed under various central/state government schemes into ARHCs
through public private partnerships for a period of 25 years. Investment under ARHCs is
expected to create new job opportunities. ARHCs will cut down unnecessary travel, congestion, and pollution.
As a representative of Grant Thornton Bharat, I believe that our on-going collaboration with the Housing
Department, Government of Maharashtra will help to implement good quality ARHCs as envisioned and will set
the stage for redefining the standards. I look forward to witnessing the fruitful implementation of ARHCs Scheme in
Maharashtra. I am thankful to the housing department team, my colleagues at Grant Thornton Bharat and other
stakeholders for partnering to create this useful report.
Padma Priya J
Partner,
Public Sector, Urban & Infrastructure
Grant Thornton Bharat LLP
Affordable housing in India 03

Foreword
Cities are growing at an unprecedented rate across the country, providing incredible
opportunities for economic and social growth to Indian citizens. As economy grows,
market opportunities grow for every strata of the society and with this, migration becomes
inevitable. Millions of people migrate to cities fueling further growth. However, such
expansion where only few can afford housing is not sustainable. This was clear during the
start of COVID-19 when the country witnessed large scale reverse migration of urban poor
to their villages due to lack of decent housing. To address the lack of housing for migrant
population, the ARHC scheme paved the way for development of rental housing in India.
Grant Thornton Bharat has been associated with the PMAY as the project management
consulting agency. Over the years, the association has led to innovations, identification of best practices, etc. I am
thankful to the Housing Department Maharashtra for giving us the opportunity to work and render our service.
Pranav Kacholia
Associate Director,
Public Sector, Grant Thornton Bharat LLP

Preface
In the backdrop of impending large-scale urbanisation While we create housing, they need to be green too.
in India, it is imperative to identify, evaluate and Green affordable housing needs to handle waste in a
address the challenges faced by the affordable hygienic manner to avoid the outbreak of epidemics,
housing consumer. Lack of available housing options focus on low-cost construction techniques and, above
combined with limited income and minimal access all, enhance the occupants’ quality of life.
to home finance for low-income borrowers implies
millions of Indian households live in dismal conditions. Grant Thornton Bharat, through this report, is trying to
Affordable housing is a idea that deserves attention. present the national overview of the affordable housing
scheme. This scheme is driven by Ministry of Housing &
Government of India took the responsibility for the Urban Affairs (MoHUA). We have a fruitful and enriching
provision of housing as an instrument of poverty engagement with the Housing Department, Government
alleviation. As a result, they initiated various schemes of Maharashtra and have been fortunate to spearhead
for different sections of the society in its early years of their growth story and new initiatives under PMAY(U).
Independence. These policies focused on the transition
of public sector role as ‘facilitator’, increased the role of
the private sector and development of fiscal incentives.
It further accelerated flow of housing finance, and
promotion of environment-friendly, cost-effective
technology. Now, the government has aimed to make
‘housing for all’ a reality by 2022.
The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) has recently

expanded its scope to cater to the housing needs
of the mid-income group, besides the economically
weaker sections (EWS) and low-income group (LIG).
The government envisages building affordable pucca
houses with water facilities, sanitation, and electricity
supply round-the-clock.
COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a reverse

migration of urban migrants/poor in the country. Uttar
Pradesh had 21.69 lakh workers returned, Bihar and
Maharashtra had 10 and 11 lakh, respectively. These
people need decent rental housing at an affordable
rate at their work sites.
In order to address this need, ARHCs, a sub-scheme

under PMAY(U) will provide ease of living to urban
migrants/poor in the industrial sector and in the non-
formal urban economy to get access to dignified
affordable rental housing close to their workplace.

Need for affordable
housing in India

“
Adequate housing was defined as
‘adequate privacy, adequate space,
adequate security, adequate lighting
and ventilation, adequate basic
infrastructure and adequate location
with regard to work and basic facilities
for all at a reasonable cost’ by the
United Nations General Assembly in
“
December 1988.
Mission and vision
• 19 million units (2015) is the current housing deficit in

PMAY was launched in 2015 to provide a pucca house
India, which, is slated to double to 38 million units by 2030,
to all eligible beneficiaries of urban India by 2022. The
in the absence of any meaningful intervention. 95% of this
vision of the scheme was ‘housing for all’. Mission will be
deficit is around the EWS and LIG segments [1].
implemented as centrally sponsored scheme (CSS) except
for the component of credit linked subsidy that will be • Millions of Indian households currently live in cramped,
implemented as a central sector scheme. Mission with all its poorly constructed houses/slum areas/shanties due to the
components has become effective from 17 June 2015 and lack of available housing options, combined with limited
will be implemented up to 31 March 2022. income and minimal access to home finance for low-
income borrowers. They lack access to a clean and healthy
environment, with even basic amenities, such as sanitation,
clean water, sewage, waste management and electricity
often absent. Thus, affordable housing is inevitable and
soon, planned sustainable urbanisation will have to be by
default and not by choice.
Affordability in housing
About 72% of the According to estimates, depends on
population used to we can expect around
live in rural areas, and 600 million people
28% in urban areas, to make urban India Monthly household income (MHI) of
as per the census of their home by 2031, a prospective buyers
India in 2001. By 2011, whopping growth of
these figures changed 59% over 2011. For the
to 69% and 31% in smooth functioning
rural and urban, of the economy Size of the dwelling unit
respectively. In fact, and for the health
as per census 2011, the and well-being of
absolute increase in people a decent and
Affordability of the home buyer
population was more affordable housing is
in urban areas than fundamental.[1]
in rural areas, for the
first time since India’s The housing scheme needs to cater to job seekers. When
independence.[1] migrants flow into a newly-urbanising area, there arises
immediate need for housing that cannot be catered to by
owning a house and thus, requires provision of affordable
rental accommodation. The housing scheme needs to
ensure that the rent control laws enacted by the centre and
• Against the backdrop of largescale urbanisation over the
the states find no place in the housing strategy adopted
next few decades, it is important to identify, evaluate and
for new towns and cities as the inability to cater to this
address the needs and challenges faced by the largest
need will spur slum creation. It is this rental regime that has
chunk of urban housing consumers – the affordable housing
disincentivised investment in the rental space in India.
customer. The existing infrastructure needs to keep pace with
the growing demand.
History of the housing
scheme

Housing policies have come a long way since 1950
• Due to large scale migration after Independence,

Major objectives of the policy
Government of India (GOI) faced a huge housing challenge,
especially in urban areas. So, as an instrument of poverty
alleviation, they took the responsibility for provision of Facilitating accessibility to Encouraging both private
housing resulting in various schemes for different sections of serviced land and housing and public sectors for land
the society in its early years. for EWS and LIG assembly, development and
• Housing policies of the GOI have come a long way since
disposal
the 1950s. While at the start of ‘planned development’, the
policies were more welfare centric, later, these came to be
driven by a well-defined constellation of economic interests. Forging strong partnerships Creating adequate housing
The first National Housing Policy was formulated in 1988. between public, private and stock both on rental and
It was followed by the formulations of National Housing cooperative sectors ownership basis
Policy in 1994, National Housing and Habitat Policy (NHHP)
in 1998 and follow-up of 74th Constitution Amendment of
1992. Using technology to modernise and enhance energy and
• Involvement of multiple stakeholders, repeal of the Urban cost efficiency, productivity and quality
Land Ceiling Act and permitting foreign direct investment in
housing and real estate sector were some of the landmark
initiatives introduced by the NHHP. These policy initiatives Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
focused on transition of public sector role as ‘facilitator’, (JNNURM) 2005 was launched with an aim to implement
increased role of the private sector, decentralisation, reform-driven, planned development of cities in a mission
development of fiscal incentives, accelerated flow of housing mode with focus on upgradation of urban infrastructure,
finance and promotion of environment-friendly, cost- creation of housing stock and provision of basic
effective technology. services to the urban poor, community participation and
accountability of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs). For the
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy (NUHHP), housing sector in particular, its main aim was construction
2007 identified ‘affordable housing for all’ as a key focus of 1.5 million houses for the urban poor during the mission
area to address concerns that could potentially impede period (2005–2012) in 65 mission cities [2].
sustainable urban development.
Two of the sub-missions under JNNURM are dedicated
to urban housing problems
Basic Services for the Urban Poor (BSUP): Managed by

the Ministry of Urban Development, the BSUP is designed
for the upgrade and improvement of the conditions of slum
settlements, assuring universal access to basic amenities
such as water and sanitation and social infrastructure
including health, education and social security.
Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme

(IHSDP): IHSDP seeks to tackle poor housing for urban

slum dwellers in cities and towns as per the 2001 Census, street lighting, community facilities such as community
excluding those that were being targeted under BSUP. toilets and baths, informal sector markets and
livelihoods centres.
Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY), 2011: With the motto, ‘slum-
free India’, the scheme was launched as a CSS, to be National Urban Housing Mission (NUHM), 2015 was
implemented in mission mode during 2013-2022 for the launched as a CSS and seeks to meet the gap in urban
slum dwellers and the urban poor. It encourages the states housing units by 2022 through increased private sector
and union territories to tackle the problem of slums in a participation and active involvement of the states. It has
definitive manner. four broad components or verticals out of which credit
linked subsidy would be implemented as a central sector
The scope of RAY envisages integrated development of all scheme and not a CSS. The mission would initially cover
existing slums, notified or non-notified, with development, 500 class I cities and will be spread across three phases
improvement and maintenance of basic services to the (2015-2022).
urban poor, including water supply, sewerage, drainage,
solid waste management, approach and internal roads,
Non-assessment
of housing
Lack of trans-
Weak mechanism parency in
for monitoring selection of benefi-
ciaries
Gaps Project location

Loans not availed
by beneficiaries in the in areas lacking
trunk infrastruc-
ture
schemes
Lack of conver- Low quality

gence homes
Lack of technical
supervision

Pradhan Mantri Awas
Yojana (PMAY)

Basic features of the scheme
PMAY aims at providing a The minimum size of the The beneficiary family The assistance for
pucca house, with basic house is to be 25 sq. m. should not own a pucca construction of toilet; piped
amenities, to all houseless (raised from 20 sq. m) with house either in his/her drinking water, electricity
households and those a hygienic cooking space. name or in the name of any connection, LPG gas
households living in kutcha A beneficiary family will member of his/her family connection etc. are also
and dilapidated house. The comprise husband, wife, in any part of India to be provided in convergence
immediate objective is to unmarried sons and/or eligible to receive central with other schemes.
cover one crore households unmarried daughters. assistance under the
living in kutcha/dilapidated mission.
houses in three years from
2016-17 to 2018-19.
The houses constructed/ The houses under the All houses built or expanded
acquired with central mission should be designed under the mission should
assistance under the and constructed to meet essentially have toilet
mission should be in the the requirements of facility.
name of the female head of structural safety against
the household or in the joint earthquake, flood, cyclone,
name of the male head of landslides etc. conforming
the household and his wife. to the National Building
Code and other relevant
Bureau of Indian Standards
(BIS) codes.
Components of PMAY
PMAY(U) PMAY-Rural (PMAY(R))
Caters to the housing needs of the poor urban residents. Helps the financially deprived families residing in rural
Depending upon the annual household income, the urban India own a property. The houses in the rural areas will
beneficiaries are classified into three components, namely, have all the necessary basic facilities, such as electricity,
EWS, LIG and middle-income group (MIG). In addition, slum water supply, proper sewage system, sanitation facility.
dwellers in the urban areas can also apply for the PMAY.

Fund sharing of PMAY
Central and state governments will share The annual allocation to the states is to be
the cost of unit assistance in this scheme based on the annual action plan approved
in the ratio 60:40 in plain areas and 90:10 by the empowered committee and the
for north-eastern and the Himalayan funds to States/UTs is to be released in two
states. 90% of the funds is to be released equal instalments.
to states/UTs for the construction of
new house from the annual budgetary
grant for PMAY. This would also include
4% allocation towards administrative
expenses. 5% of the budgetary grant is to
be retained at the central level as server
found for special projects.
Selection of beneficiaries
To ensure assistance is targeted The SECC data captures specific The permanent wait list so
at the genuinely deprived and deprivation related to housing generated also ensures that
the selection is objective and among households. Using the the states have ready list of
verifiable, PMAY instead of data households that are households to be covered under
selecting a beneficiary from houseless and living in 0, 1 and the scheme in the coming years
among the BPL households, 2 kutcha wall and kutcha roof (through annual select lists)
selects beneficiaries using houses can be segregated and leading to better planning of
housing deprivation parameters targeted. implementation. To address
in the socio economic and caste grievances in beneficiary
census (SECC). selection, an appellate process
has also been put in place.

PMAY-Urban (PMAY(U))
Key objectives
Access to Reducing
finance cost
Efficient Housing for

land use all by 2022
Training and Technology for

capacity building construction
• To minimise the gap between the existing demand and supply of homes
• To rehabilitate the slum dwellers into pucca houses with the help of private developers
• To promote affordable housing among the weaker sections of the society with Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS)
• To provide assistance in the form of subsidies to the eligible families for the construction of houses
Categorisation of beneficiaries
EWS LIG MIG 1 MIG 2

People whose People having the Those who earn If your annual
household income is household annual under INR 12 lakh household income is
INR 3 lakh or below income of INR 3-6 lakh annually come under between INR 12-18 lakh,
come under this fall in this category. An this category. One you are eligible to
category. However, they income certificate or can apply for a loan apply for a house under
are required to show equivalent document up to INR 9 lakh for PMAY(U). You can take
relevant documents to is required to be the construction or a housing loan for up
claim benefits under the showcased to claim purchasing a house to INR 12 lakh for the
EWS category. The max the benefits. The max measuring 160 sq. m. house measuring not
carpet area allowed is carpet area allowed is more than 200 sq. m.
60 sq. m. 60 sq. m.

Coverage and phases • ‘In-situ’ slum redevelopment (ISSR): The centre will provide
an assistance of INR 1 lakh for slum dwellers. The land will be
of PMAY provided in partnership with private developers for the slum
rehabilitation in respective states and UTs.
• CLSS: Beneficiaries of EWS/LIG/MIG 1/MIG 2 seeking
All 4041 statutory towns as per Census 2011 with focus on
housing loans from Banks, housing finance companies and
500 class I cities would be covered in three phases
other such institutions for acquiring, new construction or
as follows:
enhancement of houses are eligible for an interest subsidy
of 6.5%, 4% and 3% on loan amount up to INR 6 lakh, INR 9
• Phase I (April 2015-March 2017) to cover 100 cities
lakh and INR 12 lakh, respectively.
selected from States/UTs as per their willingness
• Affordable housing in partnership (AHP): The central
• Phase II (April 2017-March 2019) to cover additional 200
government will provide an assistance of INR 1.5 lakh per
cities
EWS house in projects where at least 35% of the houses
• Phase III (April 2019-March 2022) to cover all other in the projects are for EWS category with a minimum
remaining cities capacity of at least 250 houses. The states/UTs decide on
an upper ceiling on the sale price of EWS houses with an
Verticals of PMAY(U) objective to make them affordable and accessible to the
intended beneficiaries. The state and cities also extend other
concessions such as their state share, land at affordable
‘In-Situ’ slum CLSS cost, stamp duty exemption.
redevelopment • Interest subvention
• Using land as a subsidy for EWS and Particulars EWS LIG MIG I MIG II
resource LIG for new house or Household Up to 3
Incremental housing 3-6 lakh 6-12 lakh 12-18 lakh
• With private income (INR) lakh
participation • EWS annual household Carpet Area
30 60 160 200
income up to INR 3 lakh in sq. m.
• Extra FSI/TDR/FAR
and house sizes up to Interest subsidy
if required to make (%p.a.)
6.5% 4.0% 3.0%
projects financially 30 sq. m.
Maximum loan
viable • LIG: Annual household 20 years
tenure
income between INR
Eligible loan
3-6 lakhs and house 60,00,000/- 9,00,000/- 12,00,000/-
amount (INR)
sizes up to 60 sq. m.
Discounted NPV
9%
rate
Upfront amound
(INR) for subsidy 2,67,280/- 2,35,068/- 2,30,156/-
for a 20 year loan
Approx. monthly
Affordable housing in Beneficiary led savings loan 2,500/- 2,250/- 2,200/-
partnership construction of interest at 10%
• With private sector or enhancement
public sector including • For individuals of EWS
parastatal agencies category requiring Beneficiary-led individual house construction/
• Central assistance individual house enhancements (BLC): This component takes care of those
per EWS house in • State to prepare a EWS category of people who can’t avail benefits in the
affordable housing separate project for above-mentioned schemes. The central government will
projects where 35% of such beneficiaries provide an assistance of INR 1.5 lakh to construct or
the constructed houses • No isolated/ splintered
are for EWS category upgrade the pucca or semi-pucca house measuring 21 sq.
beneficiary to be m. to 30 sq. m. Also, in case of enhancement, it can’t take
covered
place more than 9 sq. m. for the construction of bathroom,
kitchen, toilet, etc. as per NBC norms.

Administration and
implementation structure
The programme will have a three-tier administrative structure:
An inter-ministerial committee viz. central sanctioning • State level appraisal committee (SLAC) constituted by
and monitoring committee (CSMC) constituted under the the State/UT for techno-economic appraisal of DPRs
chairpersonship of secretary for implementation of the mission, submitted by ULBs/Implementing Agencies. SLAC will
approvals there under and monitoring. A mission directorate submit their appraisal reports with their comments and
(MD) is also formed under the ministry to implement the recommendations to the SLNA for taking approval of SLSMC.
mission. It is headed by joint secretary. • A city level mission for selected cities set up under the
• Inter-departmental state level sanctioning and monitoring chairpersonship of the mayor or chairman of the ULB, as
committee (SLSMC) constituted by states/UTs for approval the case may be. Suitable grievance redressal system set
of action plans and projects under various components of up at both state and city level to address the grievances in
the mission. A state level nodal agency (SLNA) is identified implementing the mission from various stakeholders.
under each State/UT under the mission wherein a state level
mission directorate will be set up for coordination of the
scheme and reform related activities.
The implementation structure

Current progress and target of
PMAY(U)
1.78 lakh crore: ISSR CLSS

Central assistance
committed • GOI grant @ INR 1 lakh • Benefit up to INR 2.67
per house lakh through interest
• 4.6 lakh ISSR houses subsidy of 3-6.5%
approved • 8.18 lakh beneficiaries
under CLSS
110.87 lakh: 43.55 lakh:
Houses Houses
sanctioned completed
AHP BLC
• GoI grant @ INR 1.5 • GOI grant @ INR 1.5

lakh per house lakh per house
7.14 lakh • 28 lakh AHP houses • 62 lakh BLC houses
75.78 lakh: crore: Total approved approved
Houses grounded investment
Features
• Security of tenure • Adequate physical and social infrastructure
• Women empowerment • Securing relevant sustainable development goals
• Better quality of life for urban poor
• All-weather housing units with water, kitchen,
electricity and toilet
Road to success
President
announces 80.33 lakh
‘Housing for 16.76 lakh houses
All by 2022’ 2015 houses 2017 2019
2014 2016 2018

7.26 lakh
houses 41.43 lakh 100+ lakh
houses houses

Year-on-year progress
In January 2018, only 8.5% of the planned houses had completion increased to over 31% by June 2019. In 2020,
been completed. However, as the government increased its the validated demand for affordable housing stood
focus on the completion of sanctioned houses, the rate of at 1.12 crore.
120
103
100
80.33
80
No. of houses (in Lakh)
60
60 52.67
41.63
40 36
32
26.18
16.76 17.52 19.43
20
9.86 11.02
7.26 7.27
0
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
-20
Sanctioned Grounded Completed Linear (Sanctioned)

State-wise progress[13]

Impact on Indian economy
Growth drivers
Employment (6.07 Cement 17.7 mil-
crore employment lion MT consumed
through forward and under PMAY(U)
backward linkages
within 21 sectors
Steel About 13 million Benefit to all senior

MT required for citizens, workers,
sanctioned houses entrepreneurs,
artisans, divyangs,
transgender etc.
Potential to generate Boost to allied

electricity (31 lakh sq. sectors (banking,
m. roof-top available for housing finance
solar grids under AHP institutions and real
estate)
Stakeholder impact
250 auxiliary industries UltraTech Cement, Shree SAIL, Jindal Steel, Tata Steel,
including steel, brick kilns, Cement, Ambuja Cements, JSW Steel, Essar Steel
cement, paint, hardware, ACC, Ramco Cements, Dalmia
sanitary etc. Bharat
5.8 lakh senior citizens, 2 lakh Adani Green Energy, SJVN, HDFC, PNB, LIC, Omaxe,
construction workers, 1.5 lakh JSW Energy, Torrent Power, Sunteck, Brigade Enterprises,
domestic workers, 1.5 lakh Tata Power Godrej Properties
artisans

Impact of ancillary sectors
Cement
Plumbing Frame and

equipment furniture
Housing
Electricals/Paints Transport
Iron and steel

Employment generation
As the construction booms, it is expected to have strong

forward linkage with other sectors in the economy, the
impact on employment and income can be through direct
and indirect channels. The additional demand for bricks
due to implementation of PMAY-R programme is estimated
to be at 3063.14 crore (in numbers) from 2016-2018.
Similarly, the additional demand for cement is 23.61

crore bags, steel is 1.75 crore quintals and sand is 3.95
crore cubic meter. Such increase in the input demand has
also implications on the additional job creation (indirect
employment) in the economy. The increased demand
for the construction-related materials has generated
2.16 lakh additional jobs in the economy. About 57,000
additional jobs have been generated each in bricks and
cement industry. [4]

E-governance: AwaasSoft,
AwaasApp and accountability
systems
In PMAY programme, implementation and monitoring is to be evidence-based progress of house construction through date
carried out through an end-to-end e-governance model – using and time stamped and geo-referenced photographs of the
AwaasSoft and AwaasApp. While AwaasSoft is a work-flow en- house. The two IT application help identify the slip ups in the
abled, web-based electronic service delivery platform through achievement of targets during the course of implementation
which all critical function of PMAY, right from identification of the programme. All the payments to beneficiary are to be
of beneficiary to providing construction-linked assistance through DBT to beneficiary’s Bank/post office accounts regis-
(through PFMS), will be carried out. AwaasApp - a mobile appli- tered in AwaasSoft MIS.
cation is to be used to monitor real time,
New system
Accountability systems Real time data integration
Demand
validation by
ULBs
PMAY(U) PLI
MIS server Server
Web-demand Aadhaar
capture seeding
CLAP
PMAY(U) Server
Digitalisation Geo- UIDAI CNA
with bank tagging Server Server
accounts
DBT/PFMS

Way forward
Affordable rental housing complexes
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in reverse migration of

urban migrants in the country. The migrants stay in slums/
informal settlements/unauthorised colonies/semi-urban areas Urban
poor
to save cost on housing. They need decent rental housing at
affordable rates near their work sites. In order to address this Market
Labour trade
need, the Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs has initiated associations
ARHCs, a sub-scheme under PMAY(U).
The scheme will be implemented through two models:

• Utilising the existing government-funded vacant houses
Educational/ Hospitality
through public-private partnership or by public agencies health sector,
• Constructing, operating and maintaining. To be done by institutions
Target student
public/private entities on their own vacant land beneficiaries

Beneficiaries for ARHCs are urban migrants from EWS/LIG cat-
of ARHCs
egories. ARHCs will be a mix of single bedroom dwelling units Industrial Manufacturing
and dormitory of 4/6 beds, including all common facilities, workers units
which will be exclusively used for rental housing for a minimum Long-term
period of 25 years. tourists/
visitors
Indian rental housing scenario

Need for rental housing
Rapid Housing Demographic

urbanisation unaffordability dividend
Economic and job Change in lifestyle Informal unorganised to

uncertainty references formal rental housing
• The percentage of people living in rental house in India has where, according to the 2011 Census, the share of rental
witnessed a sharp increase, from 10.5% in 2001 to 11.1% households was 5%, but 31%. [5]
in 2011. Of the rise of 7.1 million living in rented houses • In spite of growth and demand of rental housing in India,
in India, between 2001 and 2011, almost 90% of the it has been observed that 82% and 71% of the rental
increase was contributed by the urban sector. households had no written contract in rural and urban
• Further, the share of rental housing also increased with sectors, respectively, implying the widely prevalent informal
city size – 28% in small towns, 36% in medium-sized nature of the residential rental housing (NSSO 2012).
towns, to 40% in large cities. In India, as a proportion of all Currently, the rental housing is largely unorganised
housing, around 11.1% of the total houses are rental. These industry. Therefore, the sector needs policies that support it
are more prevalent in the urban areas (31%) than rural, in a proper manner. [5].

Features of ARHC
To be implemented Projects to be ARHCs can be A maximum of Institutional rental Two-pronged

in all statutory considered till a mix of single/ 33% houses with mechanism: In- strategy for
towns, notified March 2022 double bedroom double room block renting implementation
planning areas DUs (30/60 sqm permissible in a for smooth (two models)
and the areas carpet area) project implementation
under special with living area, and sustained
area/development kitchen, toilet and income
authorities/industrial bathroom and
development dormitory bed (10
authorities sqm carpet area)
with common
kitchen, toilet and
bathroom
Objectives of ARHC
Address the vision of Provide dignified living with Create conducive ecosystem
Aatmanirbhar Bharat by necessary civic amenities near for public/private entities to
creating affordable rental their workplace on leverage investment in
housing for urban affordable rent rental housing
migrants/poor

Model-1
Converting existing government (central/state) funded vacant houses into ARHCs under public private partnership (PPP)
mode or by public agencies
Process flow
Model-2
Construction, operation and maintenance of ARHCs by private/public entities on their own available vacant land
Process flow

Expected outcomes of the scheme - focus categories of
rental housing
Decent living Social rental housing

environment
for urban Subsidised rental housing for urban poor.
migrants/
This rent is typically below market rate and
poor
Effective its primarily focused on urban poor
Sustained
utilisation of
workforce
vacant land by
and increased
private/public
productivity
entities
Need-based rental housing
Need-based rental housing caters to specific
group of people who need include students,
Outcome single women, working professional, etc.
Economically
Promoting new productive. Use
investment of Govt.-funded
opportunity vacant houses
Market-based rental housing
Strengthening
Rental housing to cater to citizens from
of municipal
finances
middle- and higher-income groups
Incentives proposed by government of India to encourage

entities for ARHCs
Exemption on GST on profits, Project finance at lower interest Single-window approval system
income tax on profits derived from rate under Affordable within 30 days. Municipal services
ARHC Housing Fund to be levied at par with residential
projects
Necessary trunk Technology innovation

infrastructure facilities to grant for projects with 50% additional FAR at free ‘Use permission’ hangs for
be provided by respective innovative construction of cost for construction houses on vacant land,
ULBs at no cost to entity technology of ARHC if needed

Green affordable housing
Around 46% people in India are willing to pay a premium to offering additional floor area ratio (FAR) ranging from five to
lease space in a certified green building as compared to 51% 15% for the Indian Green Building Council’s (IGBC’s) silver,
globally. This is a positive outlook and can be leveraged with gold and platinum-rated projects to boost green housing. [7]
the right policies and push. [7]
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation
The International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the (MoHUPA) has estimated a housing shortage of 18.78 million
World Bank, pointed out that by 2030, in emerging markets like during the 12th Five Year Plan (FYP) period. There is also need
India, green buildings will offer a USD24.7 trillion investment to handle waste in a hygienic manner to avoid epidemics, focus
opportunity, which will spur economic growth and accelerate on low-cost construction techniques and, above all, enhance
sustainable development. Some state governments, including the occupants’ quality of lives. Focus should also be on
West Bengal, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, reducing monthly electric and water bills.
Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand and Maharashtra (Pune) are
Benefits of green affordable Key features

housing
Water
conservation
Reduction in energy and water consumption
Planning
Energy
and
conservation
construction
Improved health and hygiene
Better sanitation Outcome

Natural Waste
lighting and management
ventilation
Better ventilation and light in the dwellings
Construction
materials
management
Fuel savings in transit of people to work

places & associated pollution

Green affordable housing rating
The overarching objective of the rating tool is to ensure a high degree of sustainability with no/meagre additional cost to the
developer or the occupant. Therefore, the approach is to selectively adopt those green measures that are simple and yet have
profound impacts in conserving the environment.
Over the past year, 16 EWS and LIG residential projects have adopted IndiaGBC’s Green Affordable Housing Rating, which was
launched in 2017. The system addresses green features under the following categories:
Site Water
measures conservation
Energy Materials
conservation conservation
Indoor Innovation and

environmental design process
quality

Grant Thornton
Bharat’s role in
managing PMAY for
Maharashtra

Background
Maharashtra has been given a target of construction of 19.40 lakh houses by 2022. In order to achieve this target and
increase the pace of effective implementation of the mission, the Government of Maharashtra has formed Maharashtra Housing
Development Corporation Ltd. (Maha Housing) with a primary objective of construction of minimum 5 lakh affordable houses
across Maharashtra by 2022.[9]
Various authorities/sub-departments under the housing

department
Slum Rehabilitation Maharashtra Real Estate Competent Authority Rent

Authority (SRA) Regulation Authority Control Act
(MahaRERA)
Maharashtra Housing Shivshahi Punarvasan Prakalp Maharashtra Housing &

Development Corporation (SPPL) Area Development Authority
(MahaHousing) (MHADA)
MHADA
Its aim is to take Its vision, mission, and MHADA aspires to be It strives to provide It aspires to build
Maharashtra towards values are the guiding a world-class housing affordable, qualitative dreams home that will
better future in housing light for achieving our authority with the and sustainable be cherished by its
sector goal of social housing largest number of housing to the last citizens
housing units section of the society

Overview of MHADA boards under MHADA
Mumbai Housing & Area Dev. Board Mumbai Slum Improvement Board
Mumbai building & Reconstruction Board Konkan Board
Pune Board Nashik Board
Aurangabad Board Amravati Board
Nagpur Board
PMAY - Maharashtra
The Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority include Mumbai, Thane, Navi Mumbai, Panvel, Ambarnath,
(MHADA) is in charge of bringing the PMAY initiative to fruition Ulhasnagar, Badlapur, Dombivali, Mira Bhayandar, Kalyan
in the state. It has identified locations across the state where and Karjat.
affordable houses are being built under the scheme. Some of
the important locations set to benefit from PMAY Maharashtra

Key features of PMAY
Maharashtra
PMAY offers interest subsidy of up to INR 2.67 lakh on home

loans for the purchase properties registered under the
Scheme launch date: scheme. One can also use the loan to fund construction of
22 June 2015 houses and claim the same subsidy. It can be claimed for up
to 20 years. In case their home loan tenor extends beyond this
time frame, then they cannot claim subsidy on the remaining
tenor exceeding beyond 20 years.[10]
The subsidy on interest rate differs based on income slabs and

economic standing, which are as follows:
Total cities approved under
PMAY (U): 390 ULBs and 8 • 6.5% interest subsidy on a home loan of up to INR 6 lakh for
beneficiary households earning an annual income of up to
planning authorities INR 6 lakh as part of the EWS or LIG category.
• 4% interest subsidy on a home loan of up to INR 9 lakh for
INR 12 lakh as part of the MIG I category.
Planning authorities are: • 3% interest subsidy on a home loan of up to INR 12 lakh for
MMRDA, PMRDA, CIDCO, NAINA,
INR 18 lakh as part of the MIG II category.[10]
MSRDC & Nagpur/Nasik/
PMAY gives preference to women applicants and those
Aurangabad RDAs approved belonging to SC/ST, OBC and other minority communities.
The scheme makes women ownership mandatory for certain
sections of the society, promoting equal rights.
Under this scheme, preference is also given to senior citizens

and differently-abled applicants, who are also given
Nodal Agencies: mandatory ground floor accommodation.
MHADA & DMA
All houses under PMAY are constructed using eco-friendly and
sustainable methods. Builders and developers have to abide by
this rule as a stakeholder of the scheme.
PMAY (U) Maharashtra Target:

19.40 lakhs houses by 2022 Progress of the scheme in
(distributed among 390 ULBs)
the state
Approved projects under Total houses sanctioned
AHP, BLC & ISSR under PMAY(U)
Total demand on central lakhs 1008 14.8 lakh
Validated:
Registered: More than 28 lakh Houses sanctioned for Geography distribution
Validated: More than 16 lakh EWS of the society
390 urban local bodies and
9.88 lakh 8 planning authorities

Progress so far
Grant Thornton Bharat LLP is providing e-governance
consulting to the Housing Department, Government of Utilisation certificate status
Maharashtra since 20 January 2020 (as per Government of
Maharashtra GR No. GAD 080/4/2014 dated 09/05/2019). The team has effectively helped the department in
Our team of six experts is split into three groups -- two resources coordinating with several urban local bodies and
are seated at Housing Department, Mantralaya, two at MHADA planning authorities to collect the utilisation certificate
and another two resources at SRA for project management and of the funds disbursed from the central and state fund.
e-governance implementation. This involves regular coordination with board and city
level technical cell officials.
Journey so far
Since the beginning of the project, we have worked dedicatedly

towards providing strategic advice leveraging best project Project management for upgradation of geotagging
management and IT practices to the Housing Department. application
We have streamlined several processes from ensuring highest
standards in data compliance, collecting long pending The team successfully carried out a huge upgrade
utilisation certificate from urban local bodies (ULB) to activity for 390 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) across
performing capacity building exercise for over 390 ULBs across Maharashtra for geotagging application - Bhuvan
the state of Maharashtra. (used for mapping the progress of the project) from
version 1.0 to version 2.1. The physical progress of the
Highlighted below the impact of Grant Thornton projects is tracked through Bhuvan application. The
Bharat’s work on several key performance indicators activity was carried during September and October
laid out by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs: 2020.
Data Compliance in PMAY Management Challenges Mitigation strategy

Information System
Grant Thornton Bharat’s team is assisting the Housing Beneficiary data was not A comprehensive
Department and MHADA to be compliant with data as reflected in approved capacity building
per the norms laid out by Ministry of Housing & Urban projects. exercise:
Affairs. It involves capacity building exercise involving Leveraging the
periodic entry of direct benefit transfer (DBT), monthly rudimentary modes of
progress report (MPR) – physical and financial, GIS mapping and communication such as
geotagging of houses of all the sanctioned houses. accuracy issues • Google meet
Geotagging is done to effectively track the physical • Phone calls
progress of projects from foundation, lintel, roof and • WhatsApp
completed level. GT Bharat’s team at
MHADA was able to
Approval of surveyor and resolve complaints/
supervisor IDs for 390 queries of all staff/CLTC
ULBs of different ULBs in less
than 2 hours of response
time

The road ahead with Grant Thornton Bharat
We envisage a long-lasting journey with the Housing Department; hence we foresee following activities as the next milestones:
Support in roll out of ARHC Project management for approved

projects
• To consult the Housing Department in implementation of
ARHC scheme in Maharashtra and shall assist MHADA to • Since PMAY(U) is a mission mode scheme due for
implement the scheme completion in 2022, GT Bharat will now assist the
• The key activities include, assist ULBs in the selection department in developing tracker to ensure the effective
of concessionaire for ARHC implementation, scrutinise implementation and grounding of the approved projects.
the ULB proposals, troubleshoot any issues w.r.t. MIS
compliance of ARHC and monitoring the progress of the
same. Also, overall monitoring support to the scheme
• The same will be achieved by helping the ULBs to prepare Address capacity building issues
and publish the tender and select the concessionaire for
Model 1 and In Model 2, scrutinising the applications • Since the roll out of the scheme, there is no provision for
received from interested entities and then scrutinising inspection by third-party quality and monitoring
the DPRs received the from ULBs. agency and social audit
• The performance of the state in conducting IEC activities/
(Model 1- Converting existing government funded vacant
Angikaar campaign is not satisfactory.
houses into ARHCs through concession agreement)
• The team shall continue to assist the department in
(Model 2- Construction, operation and maintenance of drafting RFP for Third Party Quality & Monitoring
ARHCs by public/private entities on their own available Agency (TPQMA) & Social Audit for the PMAY Scheme,
vacant land) as per the directives from the Housing Department.
Drafting Housing Policy 2021 Support for PMAY (U)

• The team will assist the Housing Department, GoM in • Support the Housing Department, GoM and MHADA in
drafting new State Housing Policy 2021 for Maharashtra monitoring the implementation of PMAY (U) scheme which
by coordinating with various stakeholders. is supposed to be completed by 2022.
• This same will be achieved, under the guidance of • The key activities will include a focus on monitoring
Principal Secretary, Housing Dept., Govt of Maharashtra the progress of the houses on ground, MIS compliance,
to conduct further stakeholder consultation workshops geotagging, DBT & PFMS compliance, follow-up on
and minute their views and suggestions. The team shall utilisation certificate and coordination with the Ministry of
draft the initial policy based on inputs received from all Housing & Urban Affairs.
the stakeholder’s workshops and collaborating with other • The same will be achieved by doing rigorous follow-ups
departments including urban development, environment, with the ULBs through various mediums of email, calls
revenue and Forest, etc. and WhatsApp groups. If required, the capacity building
• Invite the suggestions and objections from the citizens. sessions will also be carried out from time to time for MIS
Collating all the suggestions received from citizens and compliance of ULBs.
include the relevant in the policy draft.

Benchmarking - best
practices followed by
other states

Many Indian cities have failed to enable the emergence of efficient and affordable housing markets.
Innovative methods adopted

Indore Andhra Pradesh
Indore Municipality has set a process of submission of 28 Nos. of 20W solar LED Lighting in Jakkampudi Township by
approval request in electronic format for confirming the Vijayawada Municipal Corporation under JnNURM Programme.
building plan to the bye-laws. The turnaround time for Nirmithi Kendras established by Andhra Pradesh State Housing
comments is within 72 hours and approvals can be provided Corporation for manufacture of pre-cast door and window
within a week of submission. frames, roofing units, etc. in-situ by promoting small scale
industries (Low-cost technologies).[10]
Rajasthan
Karnataka
Rajasthan UIT has a single-window clearance for all approvals
that are required from the state Government and the approval Rajiv Gandhi Housing Online Monitoring System (RGHOMS):
cycle time in Rajasthan is shorter than other states. Single platform created for all housing activities from making
an application by beneficiary to completion and occupation of
Madhya Pradesh house by the eligible beneficiaries.
Projects under land pooling Model has been initiated at Aero- Uttar Pradesh
city, Misrod and Vidyanagar in Bhopal. Facility for state-wide
online booking and allotment of housing units (via tie-up with Land pooling and management by framing new land
MPONLINE). Easing financing of housing units by entering acquisition policy, Alternative land pooling schemes,
MoUs with banks. Transferable Development Rights (TDR), simplification of land
acquisition/pooling by legal reforms, earmarking of 20% of
houses in all new housing schemes for EWS & LIG households.
Way forward
The objective of creating affordable housing is to provide • Providers – such as ULBs, financial institutions, government
adequate shelter to all. Creation of affordable housing should departments and research institutes would be needed to
encompass both – enabling people to buy and to rent, for provide the target groups with approvals, incentives and
which there is a need to put an institutional structure in place technical and financial support
• Executors – enterprises such as private developers, public
The three main groups that require to work in sync with each sector undertakings (PSUs) and public private partnership
other to make affordable rental housing are following: (PPP) firms would be required to hold and maintain rental
accommodation with adequate support from the first
• Enablers – Self-help groups, NGOs and registered societies two groups
are the first institutions to identify the genuine user groups,
which help to establish common interests and channels of
communication

Understanding the economics - demand and
supply outlook
Demand side Supply Side
• Formulate guidelines for identifying right beneficiaries: • Incentivise developers to develop affordable housing:
There is a need to formulate guidelines that would help ULBs and UDAs can develop guidelines by giving free
identify right beneficiaries for affordable housing projects. sale areas, extra Floor Space Index (FSI) and other policy
This would help in ensuring the reach to right beneficiaries measures so that real estate developers are incentivised to
and avoid involvement of speculative investors into the develop affordable housing. Schemes for redevelopment
projects. Creation of the National Population Register and and slum rehabilitation should be developed with incentives
issuance of unique identity through Unique Identification that generate sufficient returns for the developers whilst
Authority of India will become crucial steps in identification controlling the development density. The cost-benefit
of right beneficiaries, if they are linked with income levels. analysis of regulations should be carried out from a
• Innovate on micro mortgage financing mechanisms to development perspective to ensure that schemes to facilitate
ensure a larger reach: effective financing through micro the development of affordable housing are feasible.
mortgages by utilising the reach of SHGs and other • Streamline land records to improve planning and
innovative financing mechanisms would ensure that housing utilisation of land: Adequate availability of land should be
finance is available to large sections of LIG and EWS ensured for housing and infrastructure by computerisation
populations. Flexible payment mechanisms should be put of land records, use of Geographical Information Systems,
into place, as households in low-income groups typically efficient dispute redressal mechanisms and implementation
have variable income flows. of master plans.
• Formulate policies for greater participation from private
sector in the way of technological solutions, project
financing and delivery: Disruptive innovation in terms of
technological solutions, project financing and delivery is
required, which reduces costs of construction significantly
despite rising costs of inputs.
• As construction costs form a significant portion of the selling
price of affordable housing units, the savings in construction
can immensely benefit the occupier

IEC schemes with
respect to PMAY

Objectives of Information Education & Communication
IEC is an approach that attempts to change or reinforce a approaches and method that enable individuals, families,
set of behaviour in a target audience regarding a specific groups, organisations and communities to play active role.
problem in a predefined period of time. It combines strategies,
Make supervision more

Increase reach Improve the quality oriented towards problem
of services of services solving
Link supervision with training Concentrate on local field Combine interpersonal

at various level problems both for development communication strategy with
of training material their users mass media approach
Through the Affordable Housing Mission, various housing activities are undertaken to encourage the citizens of the state
schemes of the government are delivered to the citizens. IEC to take advantage of this scheme.

Angikaar scheme • PMAY (U) beneficiaries learnt to adopt themselves in
managing change in the new house/ environment
and promote cohesive living, ensuring peaceful and
harmonious community living conditions
To mobilise communities for change management through
awareness on best practices such as water and energy • Capacities of PMAY (U) beneficiaries have been built to
optimise appropriate use of resources such as water,
conservation, waste management, sanitation and hygiene,
electricity, common utility services and maintain community
a campaign was launched by the Union Housing and Urban
assets through community participation and ownership.
Affairs Ministry. Several other central schemes, like Ayushman
• The campaign ensured dignified living to beneficiaries
Bharat and Ujjwala, Angikaar project were launched to bring
through the provision of basic civic services and benefits
those who have got homes constructed under Pradhan Mantri of other schemes through convergence with other urban
Awas Yojana (Urban) under it. The primary initiative of the missions and other central ministries.
“Angikaar”, under PMAY(U), is to amalgamate various urban
• A process of sustainable change management through
missions and also to incorporate various schemes/verticals continuous convergence has been initiated, post the four-
of the central government for the betterment of its citizens. month campaign. States/UTs have embed the philosophy
All the critical points and considerations of this initiative along of ANGIKAAR as a part of their Annual IEC Plan, wherein
with the benefits of the same can be attributed to maximum beneficiaries of completed houses will be outreached
number of beneficiaries by the housing department. through the prescribed campaign activities
• Communities have been mobilised to form community-
based groups for operation and maintenance of
Stakeholders infrastructure and basic services. Events comprising of
several activities with active participation from beneficiaries,
other stake holders and key messages from elected
representatives were taken up across the country during the
Urban Local campaign
MoHUA, GoI Bodies District Adm.
SLTC/CLTCs States/UTs PMAY(U)

beneficiary
Angikaar Civil society

Academia resource organisations
persons
Private
sectors
Outcomes of the campaign

• Created mass awareness on best practices such as health,
water and energy conservation, rainwater harvesting,
hygiene, sanitation, effective waste management and tree
plantation. This was done through a series of ward/city
level activities, ensuring a clean, green, healthy and safe
environment in the ULBs

Angikaar achievements [11]
4.28 lakh Requirement

15,000 IEC events 921 Health camps for Ayushmann health 4.11 lakh Plants
conducted organised cards distributed
4.23 lakh requirement 244 RWH recharge 2.88 lakh solar devices 3.89 lakh PMAY(U)
for LPG connections structures in PMAY(U) used for household Houses/projects using
Houses purpose LED lights
Beneficiaries made CLSS beneficiaries BLC beneficiaries PMAY(U) houses with

aware on various outreached on financial outreached waste management/
schemes/services literacy segregation
Way forward for IEC
• In order to sustain the impact of the campaign and to • The ASHA-India initiative aims to promote domestic research
ensure continuous outreach of all beneficiaries, campaigns and entrepreneurship by providing incubation and
under ‘ANGIKAAR 2020, Healthy, Wealthy & Wise’, acceleration support to potential future technologies. Under
have begun with Fit India Freedom Run, wherein around the initiative, five ASHA-India Centres have been set up for
12,000 stakeholders registered themselves, PMAY (U) providing incubation and acceleration support. In order to
Quiz on MyGov platform (2 to 16 October 2020), Eat recognise the outstanding contribution by States, UTs, Urban
Right India movement, and Last mile connectivity through Local Bodies and beneficiaries, winners of PMAY(Urban)
Financial Awareness Messages (FAME). Further, States/ Awards-2019 will be felicitated during the event with annual
UTs will include all ANGIKAAR activities in the annual IEC awards for excellence in implementation of PMAY-Urban.
plan under capacity building. They would also continue
to conduct need assessment and door to door awareness
for beneficiaries whose houses are grounded, occupied,
completed and allotted under AHP and ISSR verticals.
• The Prime Minister of India also announced winners under
Affordable Sustainable Housing Accelerators - India (ASHA-
India) on January 1,2021 and gave out annual awards
for excellence in implementation of Pradhan Mantri Awas
Yojana - Urban (PMAY-U) Mission.

Inauguration of light
house project under
GHTC

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi on January 1, 2021 virtually • GHTC-I intends to get the best globally available innovative
laid the foundation stone of Light House Projects (LHP) construction technologies through a challenge process.
under the Global Housing Technology Challenge (GHTC) - It aims to demonstrate and deliver ready to live-in houses
India, conceptualised by the Union ministry of housing and in minimum time and minimum cost with high-quality of
urban affairs. The project aims to identify and mainstream construction in a sustainable manner. This challenge seeks
several innovative technologies from across the world, to promote future potential technologies through Incubation
which are sustainable and disaster-resilient. More than 50 support and accelerator workshops, in order to foster an
companies working on innovative technologies participated environment of research and development in the country.
in it. [15] They are being constructed under GHTC-India which
• The LHPs will be constructed at Indore, Rajkot, Chennai, envisages to provide an eco-system for the adoption of
Ranchi, Agartala and Lucknow, comprising about 1,000 innovative technologies in the housing construction sector
houses at each location along with allied infrastructure in a holistic manner.
facilities. The ones in Indore won’t have walls made of bricks;
pre-fabricated sandwich panel system will be used for these.
For Rajkot, the French monolithic concrete construction
technology will be used. Precast concrete system from the
United States and Finland will be used in Chennai, while
in Ranchi, Germany’s 3-D construction system will be
used. New Zealand’s steel frame technology will be used
in Agartala and a technology from Canada will be used in
Lucknow.

Appendix
1 Affordable housing in India: Challenges & opportunities

2 Affordable Housing in India Key Initiatives for Inclusive Housing for All
3 PMAY Urban: FM Sitharaman grants additional Rs 18,000 crores in latest fiscal stimulus
4 Impact of pradhan mantri awaas yojana -gramin (pmay-g) on income and employment
5 India’s Residential Rental Housing
6 ARHCs Ease of living for Urban Migrants/Poor
7 Indians keen to embrace green buildings
8 Building up to a greener residential sector in India
9 Maha Housing Corporation
10 All about PMAY: How does it work, eligibility and subsidy available
11 Angikaar A campaign for change management
12 Road to Success
13 State Wise PMAY Progress
14 Outcomes of CLAP
15 Light house project

About Grant Thornton Bharat
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Acknowledgements
Authors For media queries, please contact:
Pranav Kacholia E: media@in.gt.com

Associate Director, Public Sector Advisory
E: pranav.kacholia@in.gt.com
Editorial review
Avijit Nigam
Assistant Manager, Public Sector Advisory Sneha Bhattacharjee
E: avijit.nigam@in.gt.com Adrija Shukla
Design
Himani Kukreti

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Affordable housing

History of the housing scheme 08

Benchmarking - best practices followed by other states 36

IEC schemes with respect to PMAY 39

Inauguration of light house project under GHTC [15] 43

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The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) has recently

COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a reverse

In order to address this need, ARHCs, a sub-scheme

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• 19 million units (2015) is the current housing deficit in

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• Due to large scale migration after Independence,

Basic Services for the Urban Poor (BSUP): Managed by

Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme

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Gaps Project location

Lack of conver- Low quality

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Efficient Housing for

Training and Technology for

EWS LIG MIG 1 MIG 2

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The implementation structure

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1.78 lakh crore: ISSR CLSS

• GoI grant @ INR 1.5 • GOI grant @ INR 1.5

2014 2016 2018

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Sanctioned Grounded Completed Linear (Sanctioned)

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Steel About 13 million Benefit to all senior

Potential to generate Boost to allied

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Plumbing Frame and

Iron and steel

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As the construction booms, it is expected to have strong

Similarly, the additional demand for cement is 23.61

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Accountability systems Real time data integration

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Affordable rental housing complexes

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in reverse migration of

The scheme will be implemented through two models:

public/private entities on their own vacant land beneficiaries

Indian rental housing scenario

Rapid Housing Demographic

Economic and job Change in lifestyle Informal unorganised to

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