About Java and Hostory :

1. Java was designed by Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s.

2. Basic aim of java was to solve the problem of connecting many household machines
together.
3. Project was unsuccessful because no one wanted to use it.
4. Earlier Name of Java : OAK
5. Creator of Java :  James Gosling  (the father of Java)
6. As there was another language called Oak , they decided to rename OAK. New name was
given to OAK , OAK was renamed Java in 1994
7. Java was publicly released on : May 27, 1995
8. Java was targeted at :  Internet development
9. Applets Had early support from companies : Netscape Communications

Language was created with 5 main goals:

1. It should be object oriented
2. A single representation of a program could be executed on multiple operating systems
3. It should fully support network programming
4. It should execute code from remote sources securely
5. It should be easy to use

Summary

Designed By Sun Microsystems

Designed In early 1990s
Basic Aim For Communicating Between Household things
Earlier Name of Java OAK
Creator of Java James Gosling
First Public Release 27 May 1995
Java was targeted at Internet Development

In the next chapter we are going to see difference between two major and most widely spread
languages – C# and Java.

What is Java ?
Java is widely used programming language which has wide verity of applications such as
desktop applications, Mobile Applications, Enterprise applications etc.
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Java is a –

1. Class Based and Object Oriended Programming Language

 2. Computing platform
3. Fast, Secure, and Reliable.
4. Free
5. General Purpose
6. Concurrent

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Five primary goals in the creation of the Java language :

1. It should be “simple, object-oriented and familiar”.
2. It should be “robust and secure”.
3. It should be “architecture-neutral and portable”.
4. It should execute with “high performance”.
5. It should be “interpreted, threaded, and dynamic”.

Some of the Versions of Java :

Java Version Release Date Year
JDK 1.0 January 21 1996
JDK 1.1 February 19 1997
J2SE 1.2 December 8 1998
J2SE 1.3 May 8 2000
J2SE 1.4 February 6 2002
J2SE 5.0 September 30 2004
Java SE 6 December 11 2006
Java SE 7 July 28 2011

Java’s Contribution to the Internet (World Wide Web):

1. Great feature of the java is that java is platform independent.
2. It can word on any network,any operating system thus making programs more flexible.
3. In addition to simplifying web programming in general, Java innovated a new type of
networked program called the applet that changed the way the online world thought about
content.
4. Portability and Security of java makes World wide web to spread across globe.

A. Java Applets :
1. An applet is a special kind of Java program that is designed to be transmitted over the
Internet and automatically executed by a Java-compatible web browser.
 2. Applet can be downloaded on demand.
3. Applet programs can be run on ant java compatible browser.
4. Applets are intended to be small programs.
5. They are typically used to display data provided by the server, handle user input, or
provide simple functions, such as a loan calculator, that execute locally, rather than on
the server.
6. In essence, the applet allows some functionality to be moved from the server to the
client.

B. Security :
1. Applets can be downloaded to user PC .
2. They are executed independently without accessing other parts of user’s PC.
3. The ability of Java provides security and thus Java prove itself more secure.

C. Portability :
1. Java Programming is Portable.
2. Java Program is Operating System Independent.
3. Java Program is converted into byte code and byte code is executed by JVM. [ See how
Java Code is Portable ? ]
4. Java Applets are thus portable and can be downloaded from any place in globe and can be
executed on java compatible browser thus making java programs portable.

In the next chapter we are going to see How Java Programming is Platform Independent ? Which
Aspects of Java make it to behave independently regardless of hardware use ?

How java is Considered as Platform Independent and

Portable ?
In this tutorial we have covered step by step discussion about –

1. Which features makes java Platform Independent ?

2. Why Java is Platform Independent ?
3. Why Java is considered as Secure and Portable Language ?

A. Java is considered as Portable because –

Java is Considered as Platform independent because of many different reasons which are listed
below –

1. Output of a Java compiler is Non Executable Code i.e Bytecode.

2. Bytecode is a highly optimized set of instructions
 3. Bytecode is executed by Java run-time system, which is called the Java Virtual Machine
(JVM).

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Important Note :

As the output of Java Compiler is Non Executable Code we can consider it as Secure (it cannot
be used for automated execution of malicious programs).

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4. JVM is an interpreter.
5. JVM accepts Bytecode as input and execute it.
6. Translating a Java program into bytecode makes it much easier to run a program in a
wide variety of environments because only the JVM needs to be implemented for each
platform.
7. For a given System we have Run-time package , once JVM is installed for particular
system then any java program can run on it.
8. However Internal details of  JVM will differ from platform to platform but still all
understand the Same Java Bytecode.

How Java Program is Platform Independent ?

B. Why Java Code is Safe ?

1. Java program is executed by the JVM.
2. The JVM prevent java code from generating side effects outside of the system.
3. Safety is also enhanced by certain restrictions that exist in the Java language.

C. Interpreter are slower than Compiler

Java Code is Executed by JVM (interpreter).Other programming language uses compiler which
can create executable code much faster then why we are using Interpreter.

1. When a program is interpreted, it generally runs slower than the same program would run
if compiled to executable code.
2. In Java Compiler will generate ByteCode which is highly optimized.
3. Thus running highly optimized code using interpreter makes execution of java program
faster.

11 Features of Java Programming Language

Simple :

 Java is Easy to write and more readable and eye catching.

 Java has a concise, cohesive set of features that makes it easy to learn and use.
 Most of the concepts are drew from C++ thus making Java learning simpler.

Secure :

 Java program cannot harm other system thus making it secure.

 Java provides a secure means of creating Internet applications.
 Java provides secure way to access web applications.

Portable :

 Java programs can execute in any environment for which there is a Java run-time system.
(JVM)
 Java programs can be run on any platform (Linux,Window,Mac)
 Java programs can be transferred over world wide web (e.g applets)

Object-oriented :

 Java programming is object-oriented programming language.

 Like C++ java provides most of the object oriented features.
 Java is pure OOP. Language. (while C++ is semi object oriented)

Robust :

 Java encourages error-free programming by being strictly typed and performing run-time
checks.

Multithreaded :

 Java provides integrated support for multithreaded programming.

Architecture-neutral :

 Java is not tied to a specific machine or operating system architecture.

 Machine Independent i.e Java is independent of hardware .

Interpreted :

 Java supports cross-platform code through the use of Java bytecode.

 Bytecode can be interpreted on any platform by JVM.
High performance :

 Byte codes are highly optimized.

 JVM can executed them much faster .

Distributed :

 Java was designed with the distributed environment.

 Java can be transmit, run over internet.

Dynamic :

 Java programs carry with them substantial amounts of run-time type information that is
used to verify and resolve accesses to objects at run time.

Steps to Download Latest Version of Java :

1. Navigate to Link : Download JDK
2. Click on the Download Java [Java Platform (JDK) 7u17]

3. After Clicking on the Java Logo it will redirect you to the actual download page.
4. On the download page you have to click on radio button to accept terms and conditions of
oracle.

5. Select appropriate version as per requirement.

6. Click on download link after that downloading will be started . Setup is nearly about 75-
80 mb.

[box]I am running java on Window 7 (64-bit) therefor i will select suitable version for me –
[ jdk-7u17-windows-x64.exe ][/box]
In the next tutorial we are going to see how to install JDK.

In this tutorial we are going to see how to install JDK. In the previous tutorial we have learned ,
how to download proper version of jdk setup from oracle site. This tutorial will provide you step
by step guide for installing jdk –

Step by Step procedure to Install JDK :

1. Go to Folder where you have downloaded jdk setup.
2. Now Double Click on the setup file. (jdk-7u2-window-x64 is jdk file in my case)
3. Following Setup window will gets opened.

4. Now Click on “Next” button.

5. It will prompt you optional features to be installed. Let it be default. Now click on “next”.
6. Now Keep Path as default.
After following series of above screenshots finish window will gets opened. Now next step is to
setting up class path so that you can run java programs.
In previous tutorial we have learned , how to install jdk. In this tutorial we are going to check
whether java is installed correctly or not.

How to Check whether (Jdk) java is Installed or not ?

Step 1 : Checking Directory Structure

1. After installing JDK , Restart system.

2. Open My Computer and Check Java Installation Directory.

3. These two folders gets created inside “My Computer => C Drive => Program File =>
Java“.
4. Check Inside JDK folder and look for “java” , “javac” application files.

5. If these files are present then 75% we are on right track. Now Let’s Check whether
“javac” is working properly or not.

Step 2 : Writing Sample Hello.java Program

6. Create “code” folder inside C Drive. (call it as – hello.java)

7. Copy paste following code snippet and paste into notepad. (Dont forgot to save File using
.java extenstion) .

class hello
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("Welcome to Java");
}
}

8. Note : Select File Type as All files.

9. Now open Command Prompt.

10. Type following Commands.

C:Usersp.abhiman.taral>cd
C:>cd code
C:code>javac hello.java
C:code>java hello
Welcome to Java
C:code>

If you are successful in getting “Welcome to Java” then you have installed java Correctly.

In previous tutorial we have learned , how to install jdk. In this tutorial we are going to check
whether java is installed correctly or not.
How to Check whether (Jdk) java is Installed or not ?
Step 1 : Checking Directory Structure

1. After installing JDK , Restart system.

2. Open My Computer and Check Java Installation Directory.

3. These two folders gets created inside “My Computer => C Drive => Program File =>
Java“.
4. Check Inside JDK folder and look for “java” , “javac” application files.

5. If these files are present then 75% we are on right track. Now Let’s Check whether
“javac” is working properly or not.

Step 2 : Writing Sample Hello.java Program

6. Create “code” folder inside C Drive. (call it as – hello.java)

7. Copy paste following code snippet and paste into notepad. (Dont forgot to save File using
.java extenstion) .

class hello
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("Welcome to Java");
}
}

8. Note : Select File Type as All files.

9. Now open Command Prompt.

10. Type following Commands.

C:Usersp.abhiman.taral>cd
C:>cd code
C:code>javac hello.java
C:code>java hello
Welcome to Java
C:code>

If you are successful in getting “Welcome to Java” then you have installed java Correctly.