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MEDIA
AND
INFORMATION
LITERACY
Quarter 1 – Week 6
Media and Information
Sources
 Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Lesson
Media and Information
6 Sources
Grade 12, First Semester, Q1- Wk. 6

What’s In

In our previous lesson, we have learned the various types of media: Print, Broadcast, and
New/Digital Media.

Activity 1. Find the different types of Media from the word puzzle below by encircling the words
either vertically or horizontally.

What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you are expected to:

Contrast the indigenous media with the common sources of information such as library,
internet, etc. (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-6).
 What’s New

Activity 2. Briefly answer the following questions based on the quotation given below.

“God made Libraries so that people didn’t have any excuse to be stupid.”
--Joan Bau

1. What is the Message?

________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

2. Do you agree with the message? Why and why not?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________

What Is It

Information Literacy

- includes the ability to identify, find, evaluate, and use

information effectively. Thus, students are trained to
evaluate the quality, credibility, and validity of
websites.

- refers to digital literacy or media literacy. Irrespective

of the terminology, be it digital literacy or media
literacy, having information literacy skills are the
fundamentals to thrive in a digital space.

Three Types of Resources

There are three types of resources or sources of information: primary, secondary, and tertiary.

(1) Primary sources are original materials on which other research is based, including: original
written works – poems, diaries, court records, interviews, surveys, and original research/fieldwork,
and research published in scholarly/academic journals.

(2) Secondary sources are those that describe or analyze primary sources, including: reference
materials – dictionaries, encyclopedias, textbooks, and books and articles that interpret, review, or
synthesize original research/fieldwork.

(3) Tertiary sources are those used to organize and locate secondary and primary sources. Indexes
– provide citations that fully identify a work with information such as author, titles of a book, article,
and/or journal, publisher and publication date, volume and issue number and page numbers.

Abstracts – summarize the primary or secondary sources.

Databases – are online indexes that usually include abstracts for each primary or secondary
resource, and may also include a digital copy of the resource
Some of the main sources of information you will use are:

Reference Material
- consists of a range of different types of material providing you with background information.
This material can either be general or related to specific subject areas.

Dictionaries
- are good source of information relevant to the functions of word based on how they are used in
context. In addition, they provide synonyms/antonyms of words so that learners would be able
to use them appropriately.

Encyclopedias
- provide more details on the functions of words than dictionaries.

Books
- may be textbooks at school or university level or more-detailed monographs.

e-Books
- many books are now available in electronic format as e-books.

Journals
- also known as periodicals or serials are published at regular intervals throughout the year.

Websites
- are reliable sources of information available on the Internet, except information found in
Wikipedia and YouTube.

Newspapers
- can be good sources of information for primary research.

Conference Proceedings
- consist of a collection of paper presentations or posters delivered at conferences, seminars or
workshops. They are sources of primary research as this may be the first place the information
has been made public.

Reports
- are produced by agencies and departments on specific topics or issues. These agencies
include Government departments, research establishments, charitable foundations and more.

Standards
- are consensus agreements drawn up by representative collections of people who have an
interest in the subject. These might be manufacturers, users, research organizations, or
government departments.

Manuscripts and Special Collections

- are unique items created or collected by a person or organization in the course of their
ordinary business, and retained by them as evidence of their activities.

Patents
- are legal documents which give the owner exclusive rights to profit from an invention,
protecting it from exploitation by others unless they have the prior agreement of the patent
owner. Patents also establish the ownership of advances in the subject.

Theses
- are major sources of primary research output.

Social Media
- serve as an avenue in establishing social interaction with other individuals.
Ways in Evaluating Information:

The Library

The word "library" is used in many different aspects: from the brick-and-mortar public library to the
digital library. Public libraries serve as the best source of information whether it's a book, a web site,
or database entry.

a. http://www.ancientpages.com/2017/03/29/tree-knowledge-perhaps-hall-records-mysterious-ancient-library-containing-forbidden-knowledge/ancientlibrary/
b. https://www.wanderwithjo.com/6-modern-libraries-worth-visit/

Indigenous Knowledge
Indigenous knowledge is the unique knowledge confined to a culture or
society. It is also known as local knowledge, folk knowledge, people's
knowledge, traditional wisdom or traditional science.

Indigenous knowledge is:

Adaptive in which it is based on historical experiences but adapts to

social, economic, environmental, spiritual and political changes.
Adaptation is the key to survival.

Cumulative in which it consists of a body of knowledge and skills

developed from centuries of living.

Dynamic in which it has developed, adapted, and grown over millennia.

Holistic in which all aspects of life are interconnected.

Humble in which it does not dictate how to control nature but how to live in harmony with the gifts of
the Creator.

Intergenerational in which it the collective memory will pass within a community, from one
generation to the next orally through language, stories, songs, ceremonies, legends, and proverbs.
Invaluable in which it is the key to sustainable social and economic development.

Irreplaceable in which it stipulates that nothing could replace the aspect of Indigenous knowledge
serving as the critical connection between IK and language.

Moral in which it involves responsibility given from the Creator to respect the natural world.

Non-linear in which it involves Time, patterns, migrations and movements of individuals are cyclical.

Observant in which it the observations made by the Indigenous leaders.

Relative in which it stresses that Indigenous knowledge is not embodied at the same degree by all
community members.

Responsible in which it emphasizes that Indigenous Peoples generally believe they are responsible
for the well-being of the natural environment around them.

Spiritual in which it stipulates that Indigenous knowledge is rooted in a social context that sees the
world in terms of social and spiritual relations among all life forms. All parts of the natural world are
infused with spirit. Mind, matter, and spirit are perceived as inseparable.

Unique in which it describes Indigenous knowledge as unique to a given culture or society.

Valid in which it does not require the validation of western science.

The Internet

History of the Internet

In 1982 the word internet started. In 1986, first “freenet” created in

Case Western Reserve University; in 1991, the US government
allowed business agencies to connect to internet. Now all peoples
can connect to internet and improve their life and work quality. The
internet support various aspects in our life.

Vinton Cerf
Father of Internet
Co-designer of the TCP/IP networking protocol.

The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications

world like nothing before. The Internet is at once a world-wide
broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination,
and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without
regard for geographic location. It represents one of the most successful examples of the benefits of
sustained investment and commitment to research and development of information infrastructure.

Tim Berners-Lee

Father of WWW
Invented WWW while working at CERN, the European Particle Physics
Laboratory
 What’s More

Activity 3. Using the guide questions, analyze the Content of the Picture below.

Source : http://koreabizwire.com/s-korea-announces-5-year-plan-to-improve-public-libraries/131123

Questions:

1. What is a Library?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
2. What do you think if all schools have Libraries?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________

What I Have Learned

Activity 4. Classify the following items as PS (Primary Resources), SS (Secondary Resources),

TS (Tertiary Resources). Write your answers on the space provided.

1. _______ Reference materials

2. _______ Original written works
3. _______ Titles of a book
4. _______ Diaries
5. _________ Surveys
6. _______ Encyclopedias
7. _______ Information of Author
8. _______ Research published in scholarly
9. _______ Textbooks
10. _______ Issue Number

What I Can Do

Instructions:
1. Conduct an interview to at least five members of your family. Ask of them their preferences
in dealing with information (what do they look for, what are their preferred/ commonly used
sources, etc.)
 2. Encode all the information in a short bond paper and identify what sources they are using.
3. Make a summary of the survey on the leading resources in your interview.
SUMMARY

Primary sources are original materials on which other research is based.

Secondary sources are those that describe or analyze primary sources.
Tertiary sources are those used to organize and locate secondary and primary sources.

Abstracts – summarize the primary or secondary sources,

Databases – are online indexes that usually include abstracts for primary or secondary resource, and
may also include a digital copy of the resource
Reference material - consists of a range of different types of material which provides you with
background information.
Dictionaries – contains words and phrases in speech or writing.
Encyclopedias – typically provide more detail than dictionaries.
Books – are written or printed work consisting of pages glued or sewn together along one side and
bound in covers.
E-Books – are electronic version of a printed book that can be read on a computer or handheld
device designed specifically for this purpose.
Journals – are published at regular intervals throughout the year.
Websites – consist of location connected to the Internet that maintains one or more pages on the
World Wide Web.
Newspapers – are printed publication (usually issued daily or weekly) consisting of folded unstapled
sheets and containing news, feature articles, advertisements, and correspondence.
Conference proceedings – are sources of primary research as this may be the first place the
information has been made public.
Reports – are produced by agencies and departments on specific topics or issues.
Standards – are consensus agreements drawn up by representative collections of people who have
an interest in the subject
Manuscripts and archives are unique items created or collected by a person or organization in the
course of their ordinary business, and retained by them as evidence of their activities.
Patents are legal documents which give the owner exclusive rights to profit from an invention.

Library – is a building or room containing collections of books, periodicals, and sometimes films and
recorded music for people to read.
Adaptive – is based on historical experiences but adapts to social, economic, environmental,
spiritual and political changes. Adaptation is the key to survival.
Cumulative is a body of knowledge and skills developed from centuries of living near nature.
Dynamic involves new developments relevant to an issue or concern.
Holistic involves all concepts of life which are interconnected.
Humble stresses that Indigenous knowledge on how to live in harmony with the gifts of the
Creator.
Intergenerational refers to the collective memory which will pass within a community, from one
generation to the next orally through language, stories, songs, ceremonies, legends, and
proverbs.
Invaluable emphasizes that Indigenous knowledge is the key to sustainable social and
economic development.
Irreplaceable refers to the notion that nothing could replace the genuine/real thing.
Moral – pertains to Indigenous knowledge which stipulates that there is no right or wrong way to
interact with nature.
Relative stresses that Indigenous knowledge is not embodied at the same degree by all
community members.
Responsible emphasizes that Indigenous Peoples believe they are responsible for the well-
being of the natural environment around them.
Spiritual refers to Indigenous knowledge rooted in a social context that sees the world in terms
of social and spiritual relations among all life forms.
Unique refers to the Indigenous knowledge which is unique to a given culture or society.
Valid stipulates that such Indigenous Knowledge does not require the validation of western
science.

The Internet is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication
facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.
Vinton Cerf – Father of Internet
Tim Berners-Lee – is the Father of World Wide Web

Assessment: (Post-Test)

Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer from the given choices.

1. The unique knowledge confined to a culture or society.

a. Ancient Knowledge c. Indigenous knowledge
b. Modern Knowledge d. Culture Shock

2. He is the Father of World Wide Web.

a. Arnold Lee c. Tim Berners-Lee
b. Tom Bernew Lee d. Tim Tom Lee

3. Which type of Secondary Resources does NOT belong to the group.

a. Encyclopedias c. Title of the Books
b. Dictionaries d. Textbooks

4. These are unique items which were created or collected by a person or organization.
a. Manuscripts c. Stamp
b. Token d. Encyclopedias

5. He was known as the father of Internet.

a. Vince Clinton c. Clefer Vintner
b. Cleofiora Ethernet d. Vinton Cerf

6. Which does not belong to the group.

a. Google c. Ethernet Explorer
b. Safari d. Facebook

7. An electronic communications network that connects computer networks and organizational

computer facilities around the world.
a. Router c. Protocol
b. Internet d. Hard Drive Connection

8. The ability to identify, find, evaluate, and use information effectively.

a. Coding c. Online Messaging
b. Information Literacy d. Netiquette

9. Which information resources does not belong the group.

a. E books c. Journal Articles
b. Books d. Title of Books

10. In what university was the first “freenet” created.

a. Case Western Reserve University c. Harvard University
b. Massachusetts Institute of Technology d. Stanford University
ANSWER KEYS

References

• file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/Types_of_Mass_Media.pdf
• https://www.commonsense.org/education/digital-citizenship/information-literacy
• https://libguides.merrimack.edu/research_help/Sources
• http://www.notable-quotes.com/l/library_quotes.html
• https://www.ictinc.ca/blog/what-does-indigenous-knowledge-mean
• https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/studyingeffectively/reading/infotypes.aspx
• https://norcocollege.libguides.com/c.php?g=600372&p=4156993
• https://www.slideshare.net/credomarketing/predictable-misunderstandings-in-information-literacy-webinar-
slides-11142017
• https://www.internetsociety.org/internet/history-internet/brief-history-internet/
• file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/internetppt-140623104336-phpapp02.pdf