INSTITUTO DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICO PRIVADO

“GUILLERMO ALMENARA MARTINS”

CARRERA PROFESIONAL
“TÉCNICA EN ENFERMERIA, FARMACIA Y PRÓTESIS DENTAL “

V SEMESTRE

GUÍA DE UNIDAD DIDÁCTICA

SEGUNDA UNIDAD

IDIOMA EXTRANJERO

DOCENTE: CINTYA STHEFANY RAMOS MENDOZA

JULIO 2021
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CAN – COULD

1. CAN: Es un verbo modal que usamos para hablar de que algo o

alguien tiene la habilidad de hacer algo. Se traduce como “poder” en
español.

Los verbos modales son verbos auxiliares que no pueden funcionar

como un verbo principal, por lo tanto, no funcionan sin otro verbo y
los usamos para expresar habilidad, posibilidad o pedir permiso.

Se utiliza para:

Hablar de una habilidad:

• I can count to 20 in Russian.

• Daniela can swim very well.
• Tom can sing.

Pedir o dar permiso:

• Can she come with me?

• Can I come in?
• You can stay.
• You can eat grapes, if you want.

Decir que algo es posible o imposible:

• I can go to the market in the afternoon.

• We can visit Christian next week.
• The book can not be here. I left it at school.
• She can not come to the party tonight.

Pedir cosas:

• Can you help me, please?

• Can you open the door, please?

Ofrecer algo:

• Can I help you with your bag?

• Can I take your order?

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➢ AFFIRMATIVE FORM

PERSONAL VERB IN
+ CAN + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENT
PRONOUN
FORM

• I can speak English and French.

• My sister can swim.

➢ INTERROGATIVE FORM

CAN + PERSONAL + VERB IN + COMPLEMENT?

PRONOUN INFINITIVE
FORM

• Can you speak English and French? Yes, I can.

No, I can not

• Can she draw? Yes, She can.

No, She can’t.

➢ NEGATIVE FORM

VERB IN
PERSONAL
+ CAN NOT + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENT
PRONOUN
(CAN´T) FORM

• My brother can not drive very well.

• She can not play the guitar.

• I can not fix cars.

• We can not speak English.

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2. COULD: es el pasado de “CAN” y se utiliza para hablar acerca de

una habilidad pasada. Se traduce como podía o sabía hacer algo.

Se utiliza para:

Referirnos a una habilidad pasada:

• I could sing.
• She could swim when she was young.

Expresar que algo es posible o la probabilidad de que algo suceda:

• It could be nice.
• You could be right.

Pedir permiso de una manera más amable y formal que como se haría con
CAN:

• Could I borrow your pencil?

• Could I talk to you?

➢ AFFIRMATIVE FORM

VERB IN
PERSONAL
PRONOUN
+ COULD + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENT
FORM

• I could swim when I was 15 years old.

• She could play the guitar when she was young.

• They could run fast.

• My father could speak several languages.

• I could ride a bike when I was 6 years old.

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➢ INTERROGATIVE FORM

VERB IN
COMPLEMENT?
COULD+ PERSONAL + INFINITIVE +
PRONOUN FORM

• Could you run when you were 2 years old? Yes, I could

No, I could not

• Could she speak English? Yes, she could

No, she could not

➢ NEGATIVE FORM

PERSONAL + COULD NOT + VERB IN + COMPLEMENT

PRONOUN (COULDN´T) INFINITIVE

FORM

• I could not play the piano when I was 3 years old.

• He could not ride a bike.

• She could not swim when she was young.

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CONVERSATION

LISTEN AND PRACTICE.

A: Can you play the piano?

B: Yes, I can. How about you?

A: No, I can not but I can play the guitar.

B: Can you cook?

A: Not really. I can prepare sandwiches, that´s all.

B: Everyone can prepare sandwiches! Can you draw?

A: Yes, I can. I can paint really well too. I can also speak English and
French. How about you?

B: I can play chess and I can write poems. I can also speak English too, but
I can not speak French.

A: Excellent!

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MUST – MUST NOT

MUST es un modal verb que se usa principalmente para indicar una

obligación o prohibición. Se traduce como deber.

Se utiliza para:

Expresar obligación o deber personal:

• She must respect her parents.

• People must take care of their pets.

• You must be back before midnight.

Expresar una necesidad fuerte:

• I must tidy my bedroom. It´s a mess.

• I must give up smoking. It’s bad for me.

• We must go to the supermarket.

Par dar una fuerte recomendación o consejo:

• You must visit New York.

• You must go and see that film.

Para expresar una posibilidad:

• Richard lives in a very big house. He must be rich.

• You lost your job? Oh no! You must be sad!

• He arrived late. He must be tired.

• Look at that cell phone! It must be expensive.

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• The lights are on. She must be at home.

➢ AFFIRMATIVE FORM

Personal Verb in
+ MUST + + Complement
Pronoun infinitive

• She must do her homework.

• You must study hard.

• I must go home.

➢ NEGATIVE FORM

MUST
Personal Verb in
+ NOT + + Complement
Pronoun infinitive
(MUSTN´T)

• You must not eat in class.

• You must not smoke in public places.

• You must not tell anyone my secret.

➢ INTERROGATIVE FORM

Personal Verb in
MUST + + + Complement?
Pronoun infinitive

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• Must he visit his mother? Yes, he must

No, he must not

• Must students obey their teacher? Yes, they must

No, they must not

OJO

• “MUST” nos habla de una obligación interna, es decir, algo que

sentimos como nuestra obligación. Algo que creemos que es
importante.

• MUST” se refiere a una obligación entre dos personas, o una

obligación que sientes.

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HAVE TO

HAVE TO es un modal verb que se traduce como “tener que”.

I/We/You/They HAVE TO Verb in

+ + + Complement
He/She/It HAS TO infinitive

Se usa para hablar de una obligación externa. No es algo que queremos hacer,
pero es algo que trae consecuencias si no lo hacemos:

• You have to get a visa to go to the US.

• She has to lose weight or she will have health problems.

• Sam has to pay his rent tomorrow.

• For this job, you have to wear a uniform.

• I have to be at the office at 8 am every day.

La forma negativa de “HAVE TO” es:

I/We/You/They Don’t Verb in

+ + HAVE TO + + Complement
He/She/It Doesn’t infinitive

Se traduce como no tener que…

no hace falta que…
no es necesario que…

Ten en cuenta que “don’t” o “doesn’t” have to expresa que no hay

obligación. Puedes hacerlo si quieres.

• I don’t have to work tomorrow because it’s Sunday.

• She doesn’t have to pay the phone bill ‘till next week.

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• He doesn’t have to study for his exam.

• They don’t have to do anything today.

La forma interrogativa de “HAVE TO” es:

Do I/We/You/They Verb in
+ + HAVE TO + + Complement ?
Does He/She/It infinitive

• Do you have to work today? Yes, I do / No, I don´t

• Does she have to go to the doctor? Yes, she does / No, she doesn´t

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CONVERSATION

LISTEN AND PRACTICE.

A: What do you have to do today?

B: I have to clean my house.

A: Really? It looks clean.

B: No, I need to dust, I need to clean the bathroom and I have to do

laundry.

A: Well, you seem busy, so I must be going.

B: Yes, I need to get started, but call me later.

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SHOULD – SHOULD NOT

SHOULD es un modal verb que se traduce como debería/deberías.

Se utiliza para:

Dar consejos:

I am diabetic.

• You should eat healthy food.

• You should not eat sugar.

• You should not eat junk food.

My sister wants to pass English.

• She should learn vocabulary.

• She should study a lot.

• She should pay attention to her teacher.

• She should not use her cell phone in class.

I am pregnant but I don´t know how to tell my family (I’m 16 years old).

• You should tell your parents the truth.

• You should go to the doctor.

• You should not drink alcohol.

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➢ AFFIRMATIVE FORM

Personal Verb in
+ SHOULD + + Complement
Pronoun infinitive

• You should exercise more.

• We should go to sleep.

• You should eat fruits and vegetables every day.

➢ NEGATIVE FORM

SHOULD
Personal Verb in
+ NOT + + Complement
Pronoun infinitive
(SHOULDN´T)

• I should not waste my time watching videos on Internet.

• You should not drink alcohol and then drive.

• You should not eat junk food.

➢ INTERROGATIVE FORM

Personal Verb in
SHOULD + + + Complement?
Pronoun infinitive
• Should he save some money? Yes, he should

No, he should not

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CONVERSATION

LISTEN AND PRACTICE

A: What happened?

B: Doctor, I have a terrible cold.

A: For how long?

B: For three days.

A: Ok. You should take Paracetamol every 8 hours.

B: Something else, doctor?

A: Yes, you should not go out at night.

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