Knowledge Management MCQ

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Knowledge Management Mcq

Mba (Savitribai Phule Pune University)

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Multiple Choice Questions

Elective – II Information Systems Management –V

Knowledge Management

1. The set of processes developed in an organization to create, gather, store, transfer, and
apply knowledge, best describes:
A. organizational learnings
B. knowledge management
C. organizational memory
D. knowledge assets

2. Expertise and experience of organizational members that has not been formally documented is
known as:
A. knowledge sharing
B. tacit knowledge
C. organizational learning
D. organizational memory

3. The stored learning from an organization’s history that can be used for decision-making
and other purposes best describes:
A. Organizational learning
B. Knowledge warehouse
C. Best practices
D. Organizational memory

4. The most successful solutions or problem-solving methods that have been developed by a
specific organization or industry best describes:
A. Organizational memory
B. Knowledge management
C. Best practices
D. Standard operating procedures

5. Major knowledge work applications include:


A. Investment workstations, computer-aided design systems, and intelligent agents
B. Document imaging systems
C. Virtual reality systems, intelligent agents, and investment workstations
D. Computer-aided design systems, virtual reality systems, and investment
workstations

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6. Interactive graphics software and hardware that create computer-generated simulations


which provide sensations that emulate real world-activities describes:
A. VRML
B. Fuzzy neural networks
C. Virtual reality systems
D. Genetic algorithms

7. Artificial intelligence systems:


A. Do not exhibit the same level of intelligence as human beings
B. Can solve all problems intelligently
C. Substitute for experts
D. Can come up with new and novel solutions to problems

8. A knowledge-intensive computer program that captures the expertise of a human in


limited domains of knowledge describes:
A. virtual reality
B. a neural network
C. a decision support system
D. an expert system

9. A collection of internal and external knowledge in a single location for more efficient
management and utilization by the organization, best describes:
A. a knowledge repository
B. organizational memory
C. a data warehouse
D. knowledge management

10. Which of the following refers to rule-based AI tolerates imprecision by using non-
specific terms called membership functions to solve problems?
A. Genetic algorithms
B. Expert system
C. Hybrid system
D. Fuzzy logic

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Knowledge Management

Question paper - Week 2

All questions carry equal marks.

Maximum marks: 15 Time allowed: 15 mins

Choose the correct alternative from amongst the given alternatives as your answer.

1. The totality of hardware and software, as well as the specialized human resources required to
enable knowledge is called the:

a. technical core
b. knowledge center
c. content satellite
d. infrastructure
e. system

2. The technical layer of the KM system that pertains to TCP/IP protocol , LANs and WANs is the:

a. physical layer
b. transport layer
c. collaborative intelligence layer
d. user interface layer
e. authorized access control layer

3. The ___________________ layer of the KM system creates a competitive edge for the learning
organization.

a. Knowledge-enabling application
b. middleware
c. transport
d. collaborative intelligence and filtering
e. authorized access

4. The ________ is the part of an expert system that explains to the user how and why an answer is
given.

a. scheduler
b. inference engine
c. interlocutor
d. knowledge base
e. justifier

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5. The lowest cost solution to developing a KM system is:

a. in-house development
b. development by end users
c. outsourcing
d. off-the shelf solution
e. subcontracting

6. The ease of modifying software across product lines is referred to as:


a. serviceability
b. usability
c. flexibility
d. reliability
e. modularity

7. The measure of how well the software will run on different computers is:

a. performance
b. portability
c. usability
d. flexibility
e. modularity

8. The system test that checks under what conditions it begins to fail is called:

a. life-cycle testing
b. maintenance testing
c. force-fail testing
d. catastrophic testing
e. reliability testing

9. A network node consisting of hardware or software to protect or filter certain information


entering the company’s databases or keep select information from leaving the company is a(n):

a. intelligent agent
b. authentication
c. POP
d. firewall
e. extranet

10. The least technical of these KM system layers is:

a. physical
b. transport
c. authorized access control
d. middleware
e. user interface

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11. A network that uses TCP/IP to share information within an organization is an:

a. internet
b. extranet
c. intranet
d. authentication network
e. expert system

12. A self-programming system that creates a model based on its inputs and outputs is a(n):

a. expert system.
b. neural net
c. inference engine.
d. repository.
e. intelligent agent

13. A KM developer is better off working with a single expert when:

a. the problem domain is complex.


b. there must be alternative ways of generating the knowledge.
c. there is a need to share more confidentiality with project-related information.
d. there is a need for a synthesis of experience.
e. expert knowledge is dispersed.

14. Phrasing a question by leading with the words, “Isn’t it true that…” is an example of:
a. response bias
b. inconsistency bias
c. hostility bias
d. gender bias
e. transactional bias

15. An expert that is methodical, verbal and logical is a:

a. storyteller type
b. godfather type
c. salesperson type
d. procedure type
e. grandfather type

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[MGMT 630 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ]

July 11, 2011

Spring Semester 2008


Knowledge Management
Quiz # 02

Please read the following Instructions carefully before attempting the Quiz
solution:

•  Last date for submission of Quiz is July 01, 2008.


• You may consult the concerned chapters.
• Make sure that you have uploaded the Quiz before due date. No quiz will be accepted through
E-mail after the due date.
•  No file will be replaced once uploaded on LMS in any case.
• Compose your document in MS-Office 2003. Any file created in any other version will not be
accepted and marked zero.
• The answers will be in tabular form

1-Which of the following is not type of business?


a- Expert driven
 b- Experience driven
c- Expense driven
d- Efficiency driven

2-Which of the following is known for the efficiency driven business?


a- Stock 
 b- Flow
c- Funds
d- Growth

3-SCM stands for_______?


a- Supply chain management
b- Service chain management
c- Supply change management
d- Supply chain measures

4-Which of the following is a meaning of epistemological in knowledge management?


a- Involves knowledge creating individuals, groups, organization, and inter-organization
b- Involves tacit, explicit of knowledge

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[MGMT 630 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ]

July 11, 2011

6- Which of the following means collaboration, knowledge sharing of logistics and consensus
among knowledge workers and suppliers?

a- Socialization externalization combination internalization (SECI)


 b- Customer relationship management (CRM)
c- Supply chain management (SCM)
d- None of the above

7-Knowledge generation process includes all of the following except?


a- Acquire
 b- Rent
c- Dedicate
d- Require

8-Identify the school that looks to KM as a dimension of competitive strategy?


a- The Economic school
b- The strategic school
c- The organizational school
d- The management school

9-Which of them is wrongly connected?

a- Socialization----the conversion of tacit knowledge to tacit knowledge

b- Combination------the conversion of explicit knowledge to Tacit knowledge

c- Externalization----the conversion of tacit to explicit knowledge

d- Internalization---the conversion of explicit to tacit knowledge

10-Which of the following component is not a part of Nonaka’s model?


a- SECI process
 b- Knowledge assets
c- Leadership
d- Ma

1. The idea of “managing” knowledge is ______________________ 


because it is not something one typically thinks of as being managed.

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[MGMT 630 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ]

July 11, 2011

c. Substitutable
d. All of these options

1. The terms “knowledge work” and “knowledge worker” first time coined
by Professor Peter Drucker in________.

a. 1955
b. 1960
c. 1965
d. 1970

1. Knowledge is always a part of a _________________ system.

a. Static
b. Close
c. Dynamic
d. Open

1. Knowledge embedded in systems, technology and _____________.

a. Brain
b. Environment
c. Processes
d. All of the given Options

1. To building KM system there are a lot of challenges that includes


following EXCEPT:

a. Culture
b. Knowledge Evaluation
c. Knowledge Processing
d. Knowledge filtering

1. If learning insight and judgment abilities are merged together with


knowledge in a person, the person has _________________.

a. Knowledge
b. Understanding
c. Wisdom
d. Intelligence

1. A network engineer installs 5 computers in a firm using a Manual. After


this experience, he further installs 50 computers in another firm without
use of manual. Engineer has transferred his knowledge from
 __________.

a. Explicit to Tacit
b. Tacit to Explicit
c. Explicit to General
d. General to Expertise
1. Knowledge includes all of the following except:

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[MGMT 630 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ]

July 11, 2011

b. Intranet
c. Extranet
d. All of the above are the same

g. Biometrics is a part of access layer in KM system and is an automatic way of 


identification of a person based on _____________ characteristics.
a. Physiological
 b. Psychological
c. Physiological and psychological
d.  None of the given options.

h. The Delphi method gets its name from the ancient ________ oracle at Delphi
who was said to be able to look into the future.
a. Greek 
b. Latin
c. French
d. English

i. NGT is an __________________technique.
a. Idea generation
 b. Knowledge application
c. Concept creating
d. None of the above

 j.   _____________ is a collection of nodes linked together to form a net and


through this net a knowledge developer can graphically represent descriptive or 
declarative knowledge.
a. Delphi Method
b. Semantic Net
c. Black Boarding
d. Brainstorming

k. An expert spends most of the knowledge developer’s time “dancing” around the
topic, explaining why his solution is the best. He is exhibiting expert’s style
known as:
a. Procedure Type
 b. Storyteller Type
c. Godfather Type
d. Salesperson Type

l. ____________is focused on collecting and storing all knowledge in


information- bases in the organization. This strategy can also be called person-
to-knowledge strategy.
St k St te
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[MGMT 630 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ]

July 11, 2011

a. 90
b. 100
c. 110
d. None of the given options
o. _________________companies are considered as pioneer in the field of 
Knowledge management.
a. Swedish
 b. American
c. UK  
d. Swiss

  p. The _____________________consists of employee’s expertise, unique


organization system, and intellectual property.
a. Intellectual Capital
 b. Patent Asset
c. Intellectual Rights
d. None of the Above

q. The average life expectancy of the most of firm is around _________ years.
a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 40

r. Knowledge has very short life but it use make it ___________ 


a. New and Durable
 b. Useless and wastage of time
c. Refreshing and revalidating
d. Everlasting and Interesting

s. Prosumer is a person who is very knowledgeable about a subject and likes to


 purchase high-quality equipment. The word prosumer is derived by two words:
a. PROfit - Con SUMER 
 b. PROducer - Con SUMER 
c. PROfessional - ConSUMER 
d. PROsumption - As SUMER 

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[MGMT 630 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ]

July 11, 2011

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SRM UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Model Examination           IT1102­ Knowledge management
III YR   ­ V SEM                                              MAX MARKS: 100                  Date: 22/10/2016
Answer KEY
 
Instructional Objective Covered
IO1: Design and develop knowledge­based information systems for knowledge representation, management, and
discovery
IO2: Understand various knowledge management tools.
IO3: Discuss about relevant case studies to understand how knowledge Management is applied in real time
scenario.
Student outcome(s) and Sub­outcomes covered in this test:
Outcome l: An ability to effectively integrate IT­based solutions into the user environment   
Outcome i : An ability to use current techniques, skills, and tools necessary for computing practice.
 
Part­A               MCQ               Answer ALL       ( 20 x1 = 20 Marks)
1)      Which of the following is the knowledge that people carry in their minds and is, therefore, difficult to
access?
(A) Explicit knowledge                     (B) Tacit knowledge
(C) Procedural                                  (D)  Declarative knowledge
2)      Which one of the following is most suitable for different place, same time conditions in knowledge
sharing process?
(A)  Face to face meeting                        (B)   Peer to Peer shared computer
(C) E­Mail                                                (D) Video conferencing
3)         The developing system is verified and validated from the beginning of the cycle.
(A)       Knowledge management life cycle    (B) Supply chain management
  ( C) Customer Relation management         (D) Software development life cycle 
4)      Processed Data; An aggregation of data that have meaning :
(A) Knowledge                    (B)   Data
(C) Information                (D)  Wisdom
     
5)      Which is the number one challenge in getting people to share their knowledge rather than hoarding it :
(A)  Change in culture           (B) Knowledge Evaluation
(C)  Knowledge Processing    (D) Knowledge Implementation
 
6)      Reasoning by analogy is known as :
(A) Deductive Reasoning   (B) Inductive Reasoning
(C ) Case­Based Reasoning  (D) Inferencing
7)      Aquiring new ideas based on hundreds of previously stored concepts :
(A) Learning by example      (B) Learning by Experience
(C ) Learning by Discovery   (D) Chunking
 
8)       Knowledge management emphasizes :
(A) Doing the right things       (B) doing thing right
(C ) Increased efficiencies      (D) reengineering
 
9)      The Internet was originally a project of which agency?
(A) NSF      (B) NSA
(C)  ARPA     (D) DARPA
10)  What does IP mean?
(A)  Internet Provider   (B) Internet Procedure
(C)  Human capital      (D) Internet Protocol
 
11)  What does XML stand for?
(A) eXtensible Markup language    (B) X­Markup Languge
(C)  Example Markup Language     (D) Extra MarkUp Language

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12)  Who is making web standards?
(A) Mozilla    (B) WWW Consortium
(C)  Microsoft     (D) Goolge
 
13)  Which of the following comes as last priority while implementing Knowledge Management ?
(A) Global Connectivity            (B) Distributed Exertise
(C)  Rapid changes in Products & Processes    (D) Changing technologies
 
14)  The main focus of Knowledge management in a firm is :
(A) Leverage knowledge resources to achieve business objectives
(B)  Information Management
(C)  Document Management
(D) Process Improvement
15)  The main purpose of business strategy
(A) Positioning the firm’s product or service in the market
(B)  Increse profit
(C)  Increase sales
(D) To fight competitor
 
16)  Knowledge is    ­­­­­­­­­­­ in the minds of the knowers :
(A) Embodied                    (B) embedded
(C)  Represented                (D) memorized
 
17)  Which of the following make Knowledge Management efforts futile?
(A)  Sharing of valuable knowledge
(B)  Sharing Best Practices
(C)  Lack of solid Business case
(D) Identification and disseminate knowledge
18)   The intellectual capital does not mean :
(A) Customer capital   (B)  Organizational capital
(D) Human capital      (D) Financial capital
19)  Knowledge management success in future is not dependant on :
(A) Short term gains      (B) People improvement
(C)  Process improvement    (D) Organizational improvement
20)  Which of the following is not recommended for fostering Knowledge management? :
(A) Ignoring  people or cultural issues 
(B)   Valuing and rewarding Individual’s knowledge
(C)   A Culture that recognizes tacit knowledge
(D) Encouraging  employees to share knowledge
     Part­B                              Answer ANY five                               (5 x 4 = 20 marks)
21)  What is chunking of knowledge?
 

 
 
22)  What are the key characteristics of a Learning Organization?

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23)  Explain the five leaning disciplines as per Peter Senge.
 
Learning organizations display five characteristics:
1. Systems thinking
Sometimes we lose the 'forest for the trees,' as the old cliché goes. Systems thinking provides a
framework for you to see patterns and interrelationships, or the big picture. For example, businesses are
often focused on the next fiscal quarter. Most of their decisions are based upon the next quarter without
much, if any, thought about the long­term consequences of the decision. Systems thinking asks you to
look beyond the immediate concerns and issues and look at the issue as part of a whole system.
2. Personal mastery
Three components are essential for you to obtain personal mastery. First, you must obtain a personal
vision, which is a concrete picture of the future you desire. Second, you must accept and use creative
tension. You need to try to make reality reach your vision. Third, you must have a commitment to truth
and not deceive yourself no matter how comforting or convenient self­deception might be.
3. Mental models
You need to change your mental models, which are simplified frameworks we use to understand the world
that affects our behavior. For example, a common mental model for managers is that low­level production
workers are lazy. We can effect this change by discovering the models, testing the models' validity, and
seeking to improve them.
4. Shared vision
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A shared vision is not some canned 'mission statement,' but rather provides the answer to the question,
'What do we want to create or accomplish?' Note that it's not just what the impersonal organization wants
to create or accomplish, but what the members of the organization want as well. A shared vision
facilitates learning and pursuit of excellence in execution of goals because all members of the
organization will want to pursue the common vision.
5.      Team learning
 
 

  The five disciplines of what the book refers to as a "learning organization" discussed in the book are:

  "Personal mastery is a discipline of continually clarifying and deepening our personal vision, of
focusing our energies, of developing patience, and of seeing reality objectively."[2]

  Mental modelsare deeply ingrained assumptions, generalizations, or even pictures of images that
influence how we understand the world and how we take action."[2]

  "Building shared vision ­ a practice of unearthing shared pictures of the future that foster genuine
commitment and enrollment rather than compliance."[2]

  "Team learning starts with dialogue, the capacity of members of a team to suspend assumptions and
enter into genuine thinking together."[2]

  "Systems thinking ­ The Fifth Discipline that integrates the other four."[2]

 
 
 
24)   What is organizational culture?
 

 
 
 
 

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25)    What is controlled vocabulary?
 
 

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26)   What are the components of knowledge strategy?
 

 
 
 
27)  What are the future challenges for knowledge management?

 
 
 
 
Part­C                     Answer ALL   (either/or type)    ( 5 x 12  = 60 Marks)
 
28)   a) i) Define and explain the four step process of knowledge management Life cycle
 

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             ii)Define fact,procedural rule,heuristic,intelligence,Experience and common sense

  A fact is generally a statement representing truth about a subject matter or
  domain.
o   A procedural rule is a rule that describes a sequence of actions.
o   A heuristic is a rule of thumb based on years of experience.
         Intelligence implies the capability to acquire and apply appropriate knowledge.
o   Memory indicates the ability to store and retrieve relevant experience according
  to will.
o   Learning represents the skill of acquiring knowledge using the method of in­
  struction/study.
         Experience relates to the understanding that we develop through our past actions.
         Knowledge can develop over time through successful experience, and experience
can

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  lead to expertise.
         Common sense refers to the natural and mostly unreflective opinions of humans.
 
 
                                              (OR)
b) Describe briefly about
            i)Procedural Knowledge
            ii)Declarative Knowledge
            iii)Semantic Knowledge with example
            iv)Episodic Knowledge
 
 
Procedural knowledge represents the understanding of how to carry out a specific
procedure.
– Declarative knowledge is routine knowledge about which the expert is conscious.
It is shallow knowledge that can be readily recalled since it consists of simple and
uncomplicated information. This type of knowledge often resides in short­term
memory.
– Semantic knowledge is highly organized, “chunked” knowledge that resides mainly
in long­term memory. Semantic knowledge can include major concepts, vocabulary, facts, and
relationships.
– Episodic knowledge represents the knowledge based on episodes (experimental
information). Each episode is usually “chunked” in long­term memory

Procedural knowledge, also known as imperative knowledge, is the knowledge exercised in the performance
of some task. See below for the specific meaning of this term incognitive psychology and intellectual
property law.
Procedural knowledge is different from other kinds of knowledge, such as declarative knowledge, in that it can be
directly applied to a task. For instance, the procedural knowledge one uses to solve problems differs from the
declarative knowledge one possesses about problem solving because this knowledge is formed by doing.[1]
In some legal systems, such procedural knowledge has been considered the intellectual property of a company,
and can be transferred when that company is purchased.
One limitation of procedural knowledge is its job­dependent so it tends to be less general than declarative
knowledge. For example, a computer expert might have knowledgeabout a computer algorithm in multiple
languages, or in pseudo­code, but a Visual Basic programmer might know only about a specific implementation
of that algorithm, written in Visual Basic. Thus the 'hands­on' expertise and experience of the Visual Basic
programmer might be of commercial value only to Microsoft job­shops, for example.
One advantage of procedural knowledge is that it can involve more senses, such as hands­on experience, practice
at solving problems, understanding of the limitations of a specific solution, etc. Thus procedural knowledge can
frequently eclipse theory.
Procedural knowledge is, in a nutshell, knowing how to do something. It contrasts
with declarative knowledge, which is knowledge about something.
For example, I may read about the importance of perfect arm strokes and coordination while swimming and yet
drown like a stone when inside the pool. This may sound obvious, I know, but as far as language learning goes,
there’s more to it than meets the eye.
Declarative knowledge enables a student to describe a rule and perhaps apply it in a drill or a gap­
fill. Procedural knowledge, on the other hand, enables the student to apply that rule in real language use.

Episodic memory represents our memory of experiences and specific events in time in a serial form, from
which we can reconstruct the actual events that took place at any given point in our lives. It is the memory
of autobiographical events(times, places, associated emotions and other contextual knowledge) that can be

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explicitly stated. Individuals tend to see themselves as actors in these events, and the emotional charge and the
entirecontext surrounding an event is usually part of the memory, not just the bare facts of the event itself.

Semantic memory, on the other hand, is a more structured record of facts, meanings, concepts and knowledge
about the external world that we have acquired. It refers to general factual knowledge, shared with others
and independent of personal experience and of the spatial/temporal context in which it was acquired.
Semantic memories may once have had a personal context, but now stand alone as simple knowledge. It therefore
includes such things as types of food, capital cities, social customs, functions of objects, vocabulary,
understanding of mathematics, etc. Much of semantic memory is abstract and relational and is associated with the
meaning of verbal symbols.

Declarative memory (“knowing what”) is memory of facts and events, and refers to those memories that can
be consciouslyrecalled (or "declared"). It is sometimes called explicit memory, since it consists of information
that is explicitly stored and retrieved, although it is more properly a subset of explicit memory. Declarative
memory can be further sub­divided intoepisodic memory and semantic memory.

Procedural memory (“knowing how”) is the unconscious memory of skills and how to do things, particularly
the use of objects or movements of the body, such as tying a shoelace, playing a guitar or riding a bike. These
memories are typically acquired through repetition and practice, and are composed of automatic sensorimotor
behaviours that are so deeply embedded that we are no longer aware of them. Once learned, these "body
memories" allow us to carry out ordinary motor actions more or less automatically. Procedural memory is
sometimes referred to as implicit memory, because previous experiences aid in the performance of a task
without explicit and conscious awareness of these previous experiences, although it is more properly a subset of
implicit memory.

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29)    a.   Discuss in detail Nonaka Model of Knowledge creation and transfer.            (12)
 

Nonaka's Model of Knowledge Creation & Transformation
In 1995, Nonaka coined the terms tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge as the two main types of
human knowledge. The key to knowledge creation lies in the way it is mobilized and converted
through technology.

Tacit to tacit communication (Socialization): Takes place between people in meetings or in
team discussions.
Tacit to explicit communication (Externalization): Articulation among people trough dialog
(e.g., brainstorming).
Explicit to explicit communication (Communication): This transformation phase can be best
supported by technology. Explicit knowledge can be easily captured and then
distributed/transmitted to worldwide audience.
Explicit to tacit communication (Internalization): This implies taking explicit knowledge
(e.g., a report) and deducing new ideas or taking constructive action. One significant goal of
knowledge management is to create technology to help the users to derive tacit knowledge
from explicit knowledge.

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                                                                                               (OR)
              b. Explain the knowledge architecture with a diagram. What are the functions of each 
layer?                                                                                                               (12)
 

KM Architecture
Visualize the building blocks of a KM system in the form of layers
User Interface being the least technical, and data repository the most technical
These layers represent internal technologies of the company
The User Interface (Layer 1)
Interface between users and the KM system
Usually as a web browser
The goal is to remove barriers to information and tacit (made explicit) knowledge represented in the data
repositories
The User Interface (Layer 1)
User interface should be consistent, relevant, visually clear, easy to navigate, and easy to use
Usability testing by the actual users is the final test of acceptability
Authorized Access Control (Layer 2)
Authorized Access Control (Layer 2)
Collaborative Intelligence and Filtering (Layer 3)
Personalized views based on roles and stored knowledge
Intelligent agents to reduce search time for needed information
Knowledge­Enabling Application (Layer 4)
Referred to as value­added layer
Provides knowledge bases, discussion databases, automation tools, etc.
Ultimate goal: demonstrate by knowledge sharing how employees’ performances are improved
Transport Layer (Layer 5)
Most technical layer to implement
Includes LANs, WANs, intranets, extranets, and the Internet
Ensures that the company will become a network of relationships

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Considers multimedia, URLs, graphics, connectivity speeds, and bandwidths
Middleware (Layer 6)
Focus on interfacing with legacy systems and programs residing on other platforms
Designer should address databases and applications with which KM system interfaces
Makes it possible to connect between old and new data formats
Physical Repositories (Layer 7)
Bottom layer in the KM architecture
Represents the physical layer where repositories are installed
Includes data warehouses, legacy applications, operational databases, and special applications for security
and traffic management
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                             
30)    a   Explain in detail the architecture of the Web Search Engine with a diagram. How Web directories
differ from search engines? Give examples.                        (12)
 
A search engine is a program that indexes documents, then attempts to match documents relevant to a
user's search requests.
The term search engine is most commonly used to refer to Web search engines.
A Web search engine is a special web site that catalogs other web sites and has search capability; it is an
Internet tool that lets users quickly and simply find the answers to questions or information on topics or
keywords. A search engine uses 'spiders' or 'robots', which are programs to index the Web sites, reading
the content of the pages, indexing them and returning that data to the Search Engine.  The process is
entirely automated.
 
Keywords are words or phrases entered by people looking for webs sites via search engines.
Keywords are words or phrases that describe your topic. These are the words the search engine uses to
find what it thinks are sites that match what you're looking for
The more specific a keyword, the more specific the results will be.
 
       Spider
Also known as robots or crawlers, Spiders are the programs that are used by Search Engines for indexing
the web and gathering the HTML information that is on ther web pages.
Ex:
www.google.com
www.altavista.com 
www.askjeeves.com 
www.excite.com 
www.go.com 
www.go2.com 
www.hotbot.com
www.lycos.com
 
 
 

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The following elaborates how do search engines work.
  crawlers, spiders: go out to find content
o   in various ways go through the web looking for new & changed sites
o   periodic, not for each query
  no search engine works in real time
o   some search engines do it for themselves, others not
  buy content from companies such as Inktomi
o   for a number of reasons crawlers do not cover all of the web – just a fraction
o   what is not covered is “invisible web”
  organizing content: labeling, arranging
o   indexing for searching – automatic
  keywords and other fields
  arranging by URL popularity ­ PageRank as Google
o   classifying as directory
  mostly human handpicked & classified
  as a result of different organization we have basically two kinds of search engines:
  search – input is a query that is then searched & displayed
  directory – classified content – a class is displayed
         and fused: directories have now also search capabilities & vice versa
 
Directory
A Web directory is an organized, categorized listing of Web sites.
Directories use human editors to look at websites and to decide how to categorize sites for inclusion.
http://www.yahoo.com  is a popular Directory.
Some more directories:
www.about.com           
www.looksmart.com       
www.netcenter.com       
www.suite101.com
 
       Difference between a search engine and a directory
A search engine uses automated 'spiders' or 'robots' to catalog websites.
A directory uses people to go through a web site and catalog the web site.
A search engine is a service that is reviewed by an automated search engine spider in order to rank your
website.
A directory is a service that is reviewed manually by individuals who look at the sites for content and
subject matter and ranks them accordingly.
Directories vs Search Engines

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The terms "directory" and "search engine" are often used interchangeably.
Much of the confusion stems from the various combinations of the two models that have developed over
time.
There are advantages and drawbacks to using a Web directory as opposed to a search engine. One vehicle
may be better suited to certain types of searches than the other. Directories place an emphasis on linking
to site home pages and try to minimize deep linking. This makes directories more useful for finding sites
instead of individual pages.
 
 
 
                                                                     (OR)
b.          What are WANs? Explain in detail various WAN technologies and their features.  (12)

c.       

d.      
e.        

f.       
g.       

h.      
i.         

j.        

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k.      
                  
31)    A.   i) What are the benefits of converting a Library to a Virtual Research Center?
 
 
 

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             ii) Discuss the knowledge Management issues to be addressed in developing countries.

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                                                   (OR)
b.   i) Explain the knowledge management tools used in Medicine.
Knowledge Management tools in Medicine
 

 
 
ii) Compare economic indicators of advanced and less developed countries with knowledge
management perspective.
 

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32)    a. Discuss case study on US Army regarding implementation of Knowledge management strategic
plan.
 
 

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A.    

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                                                        (OR)
b.      Present a case study on knowledge management implementation at NASA to function more
like a learning organization
 
 
Knowledge Management at NASA – A Case Study
 
NASA as a Learning Organisation

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