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Cognitive Psychology Journal

Hermann Ebbinghaus discovered that memory of lists of nonsense syllables quickly decayed, demonstrating the forgetting curve. He found that information is initially quickly forgotten. Students can apply this by chunking material and repeatedly studying it over time to better retain information. Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed the multi-store model of memory, which includes the sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Working memory refers to temporary storage and manipulation of information, while short-term memory only involves temporary storage.

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McKayla Church
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140 views3 pages

Cognitive Psychology Journal

Hermann Ebbinghaus discovered that memory of lists of nonsense syllables quickly decayed, demonstrating the forgetting curve. He found that information is initially quickly forgotten. Students can apply this by chunking material and repeatedly studying it over time to better retain information. Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed the multi-store model of memory, which includes the sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Working memory refers to temporary storage and manipulation of information, while short-term memory only involves temporary storage.

Uploaded by

McKayla Church
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cognitive Psychology Journal

To maintain Academic Integrity and maximize your learning, each response should be written in
complete sentences and in your own words. Please do not copy and paste from the textbook or
another source.

*Questions in bold are frequently tested concepts on the AP Exam.

(31–1.1) How is memory defined? Memory refers to the processes that are used to acquire, store,
retain, and later retrieve information. There are three major processes involved in memory:
encoding, storage, and retrieval. Human memory involves the ability to both preserve and
recover information we have learned or experienced.

(31–1.2) Describe the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

Alzheimer's disease typically progresses slowly in three general stages: early, middle and late
(sometimes referred to as mild, moderate and severe in a medical context). Since Alzheimer's
affects people in different ways, each person may experience symptoms — or progress through
the stages — differently.

(31–1.4) Hermann Ebbinghaus conducted significant research on memory. What did he


discover?* Ebbinghaus discovered that his memory of them quickly decayed. This
phenomenon of learning and promptly forgetting information will be familiar to anyone
who has tried to cram the night before an exam. Another way of putting it is that the
forgetting curve is initially very steep.

(31–1.5) As a student, how can you apply Ebbinghaus’ ideas to your learning and studying to be
a better student?You can apply his ideas by chunking the study material and repeatedly studying
it over a span of time.

(31–2.2) Identify the memory stages proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin.*The multistore
model of memory (also known as the modal model) was proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin
(1968) and is a structural model. They proposed that memory consisted of three stores: a
sensory register, short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM).

(31–2.3) How are short-term memory and working memory different?*Working memory
refers to the processes that are used to temporarily store, organize, and manipulate
information. Short-term memory, on the other hand, refers only to the temporary storage
of information in memory.
(31–5.1) Explain how sensory memory was discovered. The duration of sensory memory
was first investigated during the 1960s by psychologist George Sperling. In a classic
experiment, participants stared at a screen and rows of letters were flashed very briefly
—for just 1/20th of a second. Then, the screen went blank.

(31–5.2) Explain the two types of sensory memory.*

Type of Sensory Memory Explanation How will you remember this?

Iconic memory Iconic memory is the visual ill go over it everyday


sensory memory register
pertaining to the visual
domain and a fast-decaying
store of visual information.
It is a component of the
visual memory system
which also includes visual
short-term memory (VSTM)
and long-term memory

Echoic memory Echoic memory is the ill draw a picture of it.


sensory memory that
register specific to auditory
information (sounds). Once
an auditory stimulus is
heard, it is stored in memory
so that it can be processed
and understood.

(31–8.2) What did the research of Craik and Tulving discover about retention and levels of
processing?*Craik & Tulving found that participants were better able to recall words
which had been processed more deeply - that is, processed semantically, supporting level of
processing theory.

(31–8.3) What are ways that you can make information more meaningful and thereby increase
your memory retention? You can focus your attention on what your doing.

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