Chapter Three Research Methodology 3.1 Research Design

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
The research design used for this study is both descriptive and cross-sectional
design.
3.2 Area of Study
The study area is located on latitude: 50251150.231N and longitude 70211149.331E.

Imo state is in the South Eastern part of Nigeria. Imo State is approximately 58km 2
in area and it is surrounded by the Otamiri River around the east and the Nworie
River around the south. The major roads in the study area include, Douglas Road,
Mbaise Road, Aba Road and Wetheral Road heading towards Government house.
There are two distinct seasons which are rainy or wet season and harmattan or rainy
season. The rainy season begins in the month of April and lasts until October while
the dry season begins in the month of November and lasts until March. The
vegetation is typical rainforest. It has an annual mean temperature of about
2,2502500mm and a mean temperature of 25 – 270C. It also has a relative humidity
is 80%. The vegetation of Imo state is typical rainforest, although some parts
consist of Guinea savannah due to poor environmental management and pollution.
Agricultural produce such as palm produce, cocoa and rubber are produced in the
tropical rainforest vegetation type. The main crops produced are yam, cassava,
cocoyam, and maize. Economic trees like the iroko, mahogany, obeche, bamboo,
palm rubber, and oil palm are in abundance. Owerri also sits on huge crude oil and
natural gas reserves like most Igboland areas. There are different types of soil in the
area which supports planting and cultivation of tree and arable crops in the area. Imo
State, which is an urban center, is known for commercial activities. The inhabitants
of Owerri urban are traders, artisans, civil servants, and farmers who are
predominantly natives. The economy of Imo State consists of commercial, financial,
and industrial production and services undertaken by the formal and informal
sectors.
Figure 3.1: Map of the study Area.
Source: Nnadi, 2017.

figure 3.1: Map of the study Area.
Source: OCDA, 2017.
3.3 Study Population
The estimated population of Imo state is 230 (National Population commission).

3.4 Sample Frame
Sample frame for this study comprises of 57 Estate managers, 64 Project
managers, 50 Quantity surveying and 59 Civil Engineers
3.5 Sample Size
Sample size is the selected number pick at random from the list unit of the
sampling frame. The sampling size will not cover the entire sample frame due to
the time stipulated for this study.
The sample size will be calculated by using this formula;
N
n = 1+ N (e 2) (Taro Yamane, 1967).
Where n = sample size
N = total population = 230
e = sampling error = 0.05
230 230
n = 1+ 230(0.0025) = 1.58 = 146
n = 146.
3.6 Sampling Techniques
Having chosen a suitable sampling frame and established the actual sample size,
selecting the appropriate sampling techniques will be considered in order to obtain
accurate information from the respondents, there are various types of sampling
techniques and these include; random sampling, stratified sampling, systematic
sampling, double sampling, purposive sampling, cluster sampling and multi-stage
sampling. All these are the various techniques of sampling but for this work,
random sampling will be adopted in order to avoid bias.
3.7 Data Collection
Data collection method refers to the method adopted by the researcher in collecting
and gathering of information based on the study. Source of data can be classified
into two viz: primary and secondary sources.
For the purpose of this research work, both the primary and secondary sources
were adopted. All data gathered though secondary sources have been reviewed in
the previous chapter while the data collected through the means of administration
of questionnaire and field survey shall be analyzed and presented.

3.8 Data Collection Instrument
There are different instruments which can be used in collection of data such as
personal discussion personal observation, postal questionnaire, administration of
questionnaire, direct observation and consulting relevant publication. Therefore,
the following will be adopted for the collection of data for this research study.
3.8.1 The Questionnaire
Questionnaires were designed based on the study objectives. The questionnaire
was streamlined to the topic of the research work.
3.8.2 Personal Observation
The researcher was able to observe some fact in the process of carrying out the
research.
3.9 Questionnaire Design
In the course of collecting information for this study, three types of questionnaires
were designed and administered. The questionnaires were designed for site
managers, project and construction workers. The information includes their
demographics and questions on the study objectives.

3.10 Method of Data Analysis
Data analysis is concerned mainly with the analysis of data collected in view of the
research study and to specify the findings as well as the data collection were the
response of respondents through the use of questionnaire. There are basically two
types of statistical analysis; descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive
statistics help to summarize, describe and organize mass row of data while
inferential is to be made about population from sample. It also includes frequency
distribution tables, simple statistical mode such as pie charts and bar charts.
However, Chi-Square was used to test H01 and (H02) at 5% level of significance.

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CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Research Design

3.2 Area of Study

The study area is located on latitude: 50251150.231N and longitude 70211149.331E.

Figure 3.1: Map of the study Area.

Source: Nnadi, 2017.

The estimated population of Imo state is 230 (National Population commission).

Sample frame for this study comprises of 57 Estate managers, 64 Project

managers, 50 Quantity surveying and 59 Civil Engineers

3.5 Sample Size

the time stipulated for this study.

The sample size will be calculated by using this formula;

Where n = sample size

N = total population = 230

e = sampling error = 0.05

selecting the appropriate sampling techniques will be considered in order to obtain

techniques and these include; random sampling, stratified sampling, systematic

sampling, double sampling, purposive sampling, cluster sampling and multi-stage

random sampling will be adopted in order to avoid bias.

3.7 Data Collection

into two viz: primary and secondary sources.

of questionnaire and field survey shall be analyzed and presented.

personal discussion personal observation, postal questionnaire, administration of

questionnaire, direct observation and consulting relevant publication. Therefore,

3.8.1 The Questionnaire

Questionnaires were designed based on the study objectives. The questionnaire

was streamlined to the topic of the research work.

3.8.2 Personal Observation

3.9 Questionnaire Design

managers, project and construction workers. The information includes their

demographics and questions on the study objectives.

types of statistical analysis; descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive

inferential is to be made about population from sample. It also includes frequency

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