WORKSHEET 12

A. Custom exercises
Fill in each blank with a suiable word
 B. Examination-based exercises: Lexico – Grammar
I. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence by choosing the corresponding letter (A, B, C,
or D). (10 points)
1. We were under no _____ about how difficult it would be to achieve our aims.
A. fantasies B. daydreams C. illusions D. deceptions
2. The pollution problems in the town have been _____ by mass tourism in the summer months.
A. exacerbated B. developed C. augmented D. contributed
3. I'm in a bit of a _____ as to what to wear to the wedding.
A. loss B. quandary C. problem D. bewilderment
4. The misunderstanding is thought to have _____ from an ambiguous article which appeared in yesterday’s
newspapers.
A. stirred B. steered C. strayed D. stemmed
5. The problem _____ because neither side was prepared to compromise.
A. amassed B. escalated C. proliferated D. enhanced
6. The Red Cross is _____ an international aid organization.
A. intriguingly B. intrusively C. intrinsically D. intrepidly
7. I couldn't stop myself from _____ with boredom during the lecture.
A. sighing B. gasping C. panting D. blowing
8. My brother found it impossible to _____ his anger and started shouting.
A. restrict B. inhibit C. reserve D. contain
9. Fitting together the thousands of fragments of the broken vase was a long and _____ task.
A. minute B. careful C. painstaking D. minuscule
10. You’ll just have to _____ yourself to the fact that you can’t always have what you want.
A. acknowledge B. reconcile C. concede D. allow

II. Use the word given in CAPITALS in brackets to form a word that fits in each gap of the text below. (10
points)
Wheeled trolley bags have become an essential item of luggage amongst frequent travellers. The compact
version proves particularly (1) useful (USE) as a piece of hand luggage. Carried onboard aeroplanes, it allows
you to avoid the queues at the baggage check-in counters on your (2) .............. (OUT) journey and waiting at
the baggage (3) ................ (CLAIM) carousel on your way home. These days, there are (4) official (OFFICE)
guidelines regarding the maximum size for hand luggage on flights, and these stipulated (5) measurements
(MEASURE) are continuously subject to change, Policies also vary between airlines and airports as well as
being influenced by your (6) eventual (EVENT) destination. The outcome of all this is that travellers are
recommended to check out the latest luggage (7) restrictions (RESTRICT) before setting out for the airport.
What’s more, before investing in a trolley bag, it’s wise to run a few checks. You’re likely to be negotiating
(8) uneven (EVEN) surfaces as well as the smooth flooring of airport lounges, so bear in mind that larger
wheels are better able to absorb bumps than their smaller (9) counterparts (COUNTER). Also check then
handle. You’re bound to need to lift your bag at some point in your journey, probably when you are suddenly
confronted with an (10) inconvenient (CONVENIENT) flight of steps, and that’s not the moment to discover
that the handle is awkward to hold.

III. In the following text, there are ten words which are incorrect in terms of grammar or vocabulary. Strike
through the mistakes and correct them. There is an example at the beginning. (10 points)
A DISAPPOINTING MEAL
 Have you ever complained in a restaurant? I never thought I willwould, but last week I ended up doing just
that. It was my best friend’s birthday, but I had booked a table at a new restaurant that had just opened in the
city centre. But while we arrived, exactly on time, they told me that it was no record of my booking and we
would have to wait for a table to become free. I suspected that they had given our table to anyone else, but I
didn’t say anything. Then we were kept waiting for an hour without an apology, because they did take our
order. We both chose soup as a starter and my friend ordered a steak like a main course. I thought I would be a
bit more adventurous, and decided to try something called Ossobuco, if I wasn’t quite sure what it was. To cut a
long story short, a soup was almost cold, my friend’s steak was uncooked at the middle and my Ossobuco
turned out to be a plate of bone within a very acidic sauce. So, we called the manager and told we would not
pay because the meal had been substandard. But in the end we paid because we had eaten it all, but we won’t be
going there again!

IV. Fill in each gap of the following sentences with an appropriate particle or preposition. There is an example
at the beginning. (10 points)
1. She was prostrate _______ grief after her husband’s death.
2. The police man hustles _______ the crowd to pursue the criminal.
3. ......those present at the ceremony was the local MP, Claire Sims
4. The car started slipping..................down the hill.
5. I have already told Joe that I won’t go to Spain with him, but he’s still trying to talk me.........
6. Grandfather must be tired. He’s nodding...............in his chair.
7. I saw Reto’s mom lay...............him when he came home late last night.
8. Looking_________, we must expect radical changes to be made in our system of government.
9. A shortage of money has forced them to scale...........the project.
10. I got up at six, started my work half an hour later and stayed there until 5 p.m with no free time _____between.

C. Examination-based exercises: Reading

I. Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space. (10 points)
It's a sleepy village, whose main features are a central square with a fountain and an unpretentious
restaurant. (1) _____ the place for an internationally famous exhibition attracting 15000 visitors, one would
think. Yet Bussière-Badil has just that reputation in the world of ceramics. (2) _____, when a pottery fair was
first held there over 30 years ago, it was only one in all of France, and it is still the country's only ceramics fair
that (3) _____ four days.
But why here? There is a seam of clay which runs through the area, but it is red clay of the type used to
make tiles and bricks as (4) _____ pots, so there is no (5) _____ tradition of art pottery. The idea of the fair
started when a Portuguese potter by the name of Miguel Calado (6) _____ a studio in the village at the (7)
_____ of the mayor, himself a local tile-maker, who was determined to put the region on the map.
And he has certainly succeeded. Every year, up to 40 potters from all over France and beyond (8) _____ on
the village to display their wares in a huge purpose-built shed. (9) _____ on the show range from the utilitarian
to the decorative, with every nuance in between. And the crowds come to look, to (10) _____ at the potters’ art,
and to buy.

1. A. Barely B. Seldom C. Hardly D. Unlikely

2. A. Nevertheless B. However C. Indeed D. Otherwise
3. A. perseveres B. endures C. continues D. lasts
4. A. opposed to B. rather than C. instead of D. apart form
5. A. certain B. particular C. exact D. individual
6. A. turned up B. took up C. made up D. set
7. A. instigation B. advice C. encouragement D. persuasion
8. A. gather B. assemble C. converge D. collect
9. A. Issues B. Items C. Matters D. Topics
10. A. astonish B. fascinate C. amaze D. marvel

II. Read the text and think of a word which best fits each gap and write it into the gap. Use only ONE word.
There is an example at the beginning. (10 points)
Example (0): after
BORN LIARS?
Little babies are not so innocent (0) _____ all, it (1) _____ seem. A recent study claims that infants as
young as six months are capable of lying to their parents, which they do by crying when they are not truly (2)
_____ pain or distress. They do it simply to draw attention to themselves, but once they start receiving the
loving hugs they (3) _____ badly desire, the babies then do their best to prolong this reward with fake smiles.
This and similar research has led to suggestions that only human beings lie but this is actually (4) _____ from
the truth.
A young chimpanzee in captivity, for example, is just as capable of “lying”, most commonly when human
handlers go away for a while. (5) _____ human babies, the chimpanzees really hate (6) _____ left alone, and for
this reason, their handlers, (7) _____ have become their “family”, should ideally never be out of sight. Even
though the handlers always do their best to avoid going away for too long, some absence is unavoidable. In (8)
_____ a situation, and as soon as the young chimp knows it is going to be left alone, it will start making the
most vocal protests, which can be heard as the handler leaves the building. The screaming stops after the door is
slammed (9) _____ at this point the chimpanzee knows that the handler can no longer hear him. It has total
control (10) _____ its crying and can switch it on and off whenever it likes.
The crying is actually a deliberate signal, rather than an uncontrollable outburst. But whether this is a case
of “real” lying rather depends on how you look at it.

III. You are going to read a passage about beads. For question 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which
you think is correct according to the text. (10 points)
Beads were probably the first durable ornaments humans possessed, and the intimate relationship they had
with their owners is reflected in the fact that beads are among the most common items found in ancient
archaeological sites. In the past, as today, men, women, and children adorned themselves with beads. In some
cultures still, certain beads are often worn from birth until death, and then are buried with their owners for the
afterlife. Abrasion due to daily wear alters the surface features of beads, and if they are buried for long, the
effects of corrosion can further changed their appearance. Thus, interest is imparted to the bead both by use and
the effects of time.
Besides their wearability, either as jewelry or incorporated into articles of attire, beads possess the
desirable characteristics of every collectible: they are durable, portable, available in infinite variety, and often
valuable in their original cultural context as well as in today's market. Pleasing to look at and touch, beads come
in shapes, colors, and materials that almost compel one to handle them and to sort them.
Beads are miniature bundles of secrets waiting to be revealed: their history,manufacture, cultural context,
economic role, and ornamental use are all points of information one hopes to unravel. Even the most mundane
beads may have traveledgreat distances and been exposed to many human experiences. The bead
researchermust gather information from many diverse fields. In addition to having to be a generalist while
specializing in what may seem to be a narrow field, the researcher isfaced with the problem of primary
materials that have little or no documentation. Many ancient beads that are of ethnographic interest have often
 been separated from their original cultural context.
The special attractions of beads contribute to the uniqueness of bead research. While often regarded as
the “small change of civilizations”, beads are a part of every culture, and they can often be used to date
archaeological sites and to designate the degree of mercantile, technological, and cultural sophistication.

1. What is the main subject of the passage?

A. Materials used in making beads B. How beads are made
C. The reasons for studying beads D. Different types of beads
2. The word “adorned” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to…
A. protected B. decorated C. purchased D. enjoyed
3. The word “attire” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to…
A. ritual B. importance C. clothing D. history
4. All of the following are given as characteristic of collectible objects EXCEPT…
A. durability B. portability C. value D. scarcity
5. According to the passage, all of the following are factors that make people want to touch beads EXCEPT the…
A. shape B. color C. material D. odor
6. The word “unravel” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to…
A. communicate B. transport C. improve D. discover
7. The word “mundane” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to…
A. carved B. beautiful C. ordinary D. heavy
8. It is difficult to trace the history of certain ancient beads because they…
A. are small in size B. have been buried underground
C. have been moved from their original locations D. are frequently lost
9. Knowledge of the history of some beads may be useful in the studies done by which of the following?
A. Anthropologists B. Agricultural experts
C. Medical researchers D. Economists
10. Where in the passage does the author describe why the appearance of beads may change?
A. Lines 3-4 B. Lines 6-8 C. Lines 12-13 D. Lines 20-22

IV. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (20 points)
READING PASSAGE
A HISTORY OF FINGERPRINTING
A To detectives, the answers lie at the end of our fingers. Fingerprinting offers an accurate and infallible means of
personal identification. The ability to identify a person from a mere fingerprint is a powerful tool in the fight
against crime. It is the most commonly used forensic evidence, often outperforming other methods of
identification. These days, older methods of ink fingerprinting, which could take weeks, have given way to
newer, faster techniques like fingerprint laser scanning, but the principles stay the same. No matter which way
you collect fingerprint evidence, every single person's print is unique. So, what makes our fingerprints different
from our neighbor’s?
B A good place to start is to understand what fingerprints are and how they are created. A fingerprint is the
arrangement of skin ridges and furrows on the tips of the fingers. This ridged skin develops fully during foetal
development, as the skin cells grow in the mother's womb. These ridges are arranged into patterns and remain
the same throughout the course of a person's life. Other visible human characteristics, like weight and height,
change over time whereas fingerprints do not. The reason why every fingerprint is unique is that when a baby's
genes combine with environmental influences, such as temperature, it affects the way the ridges on the skin
 grow. It makes the ridges develop at different rates, buckling and bending into patterns. As a result, no two
people end up having the same fingerprints. Even identical twins possess dissimilar fingerprints.
C It is not easy to map the journey of how the unique quality of the fingerprint came to be discovered. The
moment in history it happened is not entirely clear. However, the use of fingerprinting can be traced back to
some ancient civilizations, such as Babylon and China, where thumbprints were pressed onto clay tablets to
confirm business transactions. Whether people at this time actually realized the full extent of how fingerprints
were important for identification purposes is another matter altogether. One cannot be sure if the act was seen as
a means to confirm identity or a symbolic gesture to bind a contract, where giving your fingerprint was like
giving your word.
D Despite this uncertainty, there are those who made a significant contribution towards the analysis of
fingerprinting. History tells us that a 14th century Persian doctor made an early statement that no two
fingerprints are alike. Later, in the 17th century, Italian physician Marcello Malpighi studied the distinguishing
shapes of loops and spirals in fingerprints. In his honour, the medical world later named a layer of skin after
him. It was, however, an employee for the East India Company, William Herschel, who came to see the true
potential of fingerprinting. He took fingerprints from the local people as a form of signature for contracts, in
order to avoid fraud. His fascination with fingerprints propelled him to study them for the next twenty years. He
developed the theory that fingerprints were unique to an individual and did not change at all over a lifetime. In
1880 Henry Faulds suggested that fingerprints could be used to identify convicted criminals. He wrote to
Charles Darwin for advice, and the idea was referred on to Darwin's cousin, Sir Francis Galton. Galton
eventually published an in-depth study of fingerprint science in 1892.
E Although the fact that each person has a totally unique fingerprint pattern had been well documented and
accepted for a long time, this knowledge was not exploited for criminal identification until the early 20th
century. In the past, branding, tattooing and maiming had been used to mark the criminal for what he was. In
some countries, thieves would have their hands cut off. France branded criminals with the fleur-de-lis symbol.
The Romans tattooed mercenary soldiers to stop them from becoming deserters.
F For many years police agencies in the Western world were reluctant to use fingerprinting, much preferring the
popular method of the time, the Bertillon System, where dimensions of certain body parts were recorded to
identify a criminal. The turning point was in 1903 when a prisoner by the name of Will West was admitted into
Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary. Amazingly, Will had almost the same Bertillon measurements as another
prisoner residing at the very same prison, whose name happened to be William West. It was only their
fingerprints that could tell them apart. From that point on, fingerprinting became the standard for criminal
identification.

Questions 1-5
The six paragraphs of the Reading Passage are lettered A-F.
Paragraph A has been taken as examples.
Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B-F from the list of headings below.
NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not have to use them all.
List of Headings
i. Key people that made a difference vi. Family connections
ii. An alternative to fingerprinting vii. Exciting new developments
iii. The significance of prints viii. A strange coincidence
iv. How to identify a criminal ix. Punishing a criminal
v. Patterns in the making x. An uncertain past

Paragraph A: iii
1. Paragraph B:
2. Paragraph C:
3. Paragraph D:
4. Paragraph E:
5. Paragraph F:

Questions 6-10
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
In each question, write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.
NOT GIVEN if there is no information.

6. Fingerprinting is the only effective method for identifying criminals.

7. The ridges and patterns that make up fingerprints develop before birth.
8. Malpighi conducted his studies in Italy.
9. Roman soldiers were tattooed to prevent them from committing violent crimes.
10. Fingerprint chemistry can identify if a fingerprint belongs to an elderly person.