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    Cryptology MIS 412

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    steph
    Cryptology consists of cryptography and cryptoanalysis. Cryptography focuses on secure communication techniques like encryption and decryption between two parties, even if a third party is listening. There are four main principles: confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. Symmetric schemes use the same key for encryption and decryption while asymmetric schemes use public and private key pairs. Common cryptographic structures that were discussed include the RSA, DES, and ECC algorithms. The document also provided examples of the Caesar cipher, Vigenere cipher, and block and stream ciphers.

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    Cryptology MIS 412

    Uploaded by

    steph
    48 views4 pages
    Cryptology consists of cryptography and cryptoanalysis. Cryptography focuses on secure communication techniques like encryption and decryption between two parties, even if a third party is listening. There are four main principles: confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. Symmetric schemes use the same key for encryption and decryption while asymmetric schemes use public and private key pairs. Common cryptographic structures that were discussed include the RSA, DES, and ECC algorithms. The document also provided examples of the Caesar cipher, Vigenere cipher, and block and stream ciphers.

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    cryptology MIS 412

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    Cryptology consists of cryptography and cryptoanalysis. Cryptography focuses on secure communication techniques like encryption and decryption between two parties, even if a third party is listening. There are four main principles: confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. Symmetric schemes use the same key for encryption and decryption while asymmetric schemes use public and private key pairs. Common cryptographic structures that were discussed include the RSA, DES, and ECC algorithms. The document also provided examples of the Caesar cipher, Vigenere cipher, and block and stream ciphers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    48 views4 pages

    Cryptology MIS 412

    Uploaded by

    steph
    Cryptology consists of cryptography and cryptoanalysis. Cryptography focuses on secure communication techniques like encryption and decryption between two parties, even if a third party is listening. There are four main principles: confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. Symmetric schemes use the same key for encryption and decryption while asymmetric schemes use public and private key pairs. Common cryptographic structures that were discussed include the RSA, DES, and ECC algorithms. The document also provided examples of the Caesar cipher, Vigenere cipher, and block and stream ciphers.

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    Cryptology consist of - cryptography and cryptoanalysis

    Cryptography is a field of computer-science and mathematics that


    focuses on technics for secure communication between two people eg
    alice and bob, While a third party eve is present. This is based on
    method like encryption, decryption, signing, data signature,
    generation of sudo random numbers

    There are four ground principle of cryptology

    1. Confidentiality: it defines a set of roles that limit access or add restriction on certain
    information
    2. Data integrity: it takes care of the consistency and accuracy during it entire life cycle
    3. Authentication: to comfirm the truth of an attribute that is claim to be true by an entity
    4. Non-repudation: it ensure the inability of an author deny a statement

    There are two general schemes we can handle in these course, where both alice and bob
    need to have the same key in other to encrypt their communication.
    There are also a concept of assymetric scheme (these is an aspect where you exchange a
    key) where alice and bob both have a private(encrpt) and public key(decrpt). The public key
    can be shared with any one, so bob can use it to encrypt a message for alice.

    In these lecture we will study several well known cryptographic structures like:
    RSA- Riverst Shannir Addleman
    Cryptosystem
    DES-
    ECC- elliptic curved cryptography

    A SHIFTING MAP
    Before we start defining the basic notation, let use motivate the following with some
    historically known cryptosystem. One of the most famous cryptosystem goes back to Julius
    Caesar, we refer to it as Caesar cipher. CARSAR CIPHER those the following:
    Take the latin alphabet and apply a mapping

    A – 0, B – 1 ….Z – 25

    X – (X + K)mod26

    For all secret k E z


    Attack maps to CVVCVEM

    The decryption is applied via the mapping


    Y is mapped into K=Z
    Y – (y-k)mod26
    VIGENERE CIPHER
    This is a method of encrypting alphabetic text by using a series of inter wooving Caesar
    ciphers based n the letter of a key words, it employs a form of poly alphabetic

    Plain text : ATTACK AT DAWN


    Keyword: LEMON LE MON LE

    Cipher text:

    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

    LEMONL EM ONLE

    LXFOP EF RNHR

    Exercise

    Plain text: l e o n b a t
    Keyword: ME CMECM

    LEONBAT
    M E CMECM

    YJRAGDF

    A generalization of Caesar cipher is the virginia ciphe. It was invented several type, now the
    reference goes back to the French cryptographer. Instead of using only one KEZ in verd we now use
    KEZn

    The word SECRET is in plain text

    K= (18, 4, 2,17, 4, 19)

    Cipher= K I E I I M

    Plain text= ATTACK


    SXVRGC

    AN ALPHEBET IS A NONE Empty set of the set (E), we denote the length n(E)=|Z|= #Z

    Element of these symbols are called letters

    A WORD OVER ZIGMA isafinite sequences of letters. The empty sequence denote empty word.

    The length of a word OMEGA(w) is denote by |w|EN . morrre over let En denote the set of all
    wheres of length n

    a cipher is a algorithm for performing encryption or decryption. If we have crypto system, the
    corresponding cipher is given by cordiclity

    If k is feasible, x and x! need to be kept secret, so the cypher is called symmetric, otherwise it is
    called asymmetric.

    We have in general, different categories in cipher

    Block cipher: let the zigma sign be an alphabet. A block cipher is a cipher acting on P=e=En for a
    given block

    Example:

    Let us assume that we have n=3 and we want to encrypt the plain text p=1011011. P is of length 7.
    The blocks look like 101 101 0 so we add zeros to the cast block until it has size 3; p= (p1, p2, p3)
    such that p1=101, p2= 101, p3 = 100. We use the permutation cipher

    X=x1 = S3, let us assume the key k =(123). We encrypt in ECB mode each block on its own

    Stream ciphers

    In contrast to block ciphers stream cipher can handle plaintext cipher textof any size without the
    necessity of having blocks

    Definition

    I.A key stream is a stream of random or pseudo random characters or digits from E that are
    combined with a plaintext digit (eg binary representation) encrryted one at a time with a
    corresponding digit of a stream

    3. a stream cipher is called synchronous if the keystream is independent of the plaintext and the
    cipher text.

    4. a stream is called self- synchronizing if the key stream is comprited depending on the n prev
    cipher text digit for some nen
    Train

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