Allama Iqbal and Ideology of Pakistan

Meaning of an Ideology
The word “ideology” is composed of two Greek words “ideo” and

“logos”. It literally means “the science or study of ideas”.
The ideology of any nation reflects the ideals and aspirations of its
people, and religion and cultural shape, their thinking which binds them
together. An ideology in the positive sense is a system of beliefs,
values, ideas, convictions, institutions, goals and a body of knowledge
which a people considers true, binding and practicable.
Allama Iqbal and Ideology of Pakistan

VISION OF A SEPARATEMUSLIMSTATE
Men like Allama Iqbal are born but in centuries. He was conscious of the significance of Islam in lives of
the Muslims.
• Quaid-i-Azam and Ideology of Pakistan
• Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a history-making leader who changed the course of history. He possessed a visionary leadership, commitment to the cause and political
mobilization capacity. He was a Charismatic Leader in the real sense of the meaning.
• ROLE OF JINNAH
• On March 8, 1944, Quaid-i-Azam while addressing in Muslim University Aligarh, said;
• “Actually Pakistan came into being when the very first Hindu converted into Muslim, it happened, when there was no rule of Muslims. The foundation of Muslims is
Kalama-e- Tauheed rather than state or race. When a Hindu converted his religion, he became a member of the separate nation and new nation came into being.”
In his presidential address at the Special Pakistan Session of the Punjab Muslim Students Federation on
March 2, 1941, the Quaid said:
“We are a nation, (Cheers) and a nation must have a territory. What is the use of merely saying that we are a
nation? Nation does not live in the air. It lives on the land, it must govern the land, and it must have a territorial
state, and that is what you want to get. (Cheers).
The Quaid further continued:
“Pakistan not only means freedom and independence but the Muslim Ideology which has to be preserved,
which has come to us as precious gift and treasure and which we hope others will share with us.”
• Gandhiji in a letter to the Quaid-i-Azam, in September 1944, wrote that the Hindus and Muslims
were not two nations but one. He further criticised that Mr, Jinnah’s contention was wholly unreal.
He further explained in his letter:
• “I find no parallel in history for a body of converts and their descendants claiming to be a nation
apart from the parent stock. If India was one nation before the advent of Islam, it must remain one
in spite of the change of faith of a very large body of her child.
Salient Feature of the 1973

Constitution of Pakistan
National Assembly of Pakistan unanimously approved
the Constitution of 1973 on April 10, 1973. Two days
after, on April 12, 1973, the drafted Constitution
received the assent of the President. It was proclaimed
on August 14, 1973. It has some salient features of
the 1973 constitution of Pakistan (containing some
Islamic features as well).
1.National Language
The Constitution of 1973 provides for Urdu as the national language of Pakistan. Regional languages have also been provided full
protection by the Constitution.
2.Bicameral legislature
• The Constitution of 1973 provides for the establishment of a bicameral legislature in Pakistan. Pakistani Parliament consists
of two houses, namely, National Assembly, the lower house, and the senate, the upper house.
3.Rigid constitution
The Constitution of 1973 is rigid constitution in a sense that it requires
Two-third majority of the parliament (National Assembly and Senate)
for amendment in it.
4.Written Constitution:
Like the Constitution of the United States of America but unlike the
Constitution of the United Kingdom, the Constitution of 1973 is a
written document. There are 280 articles and 7 schedules of the
Constitution.
5.Federal Constitution:
The Constitution of 1973 is Federal Constitution. It establishes a
central government and the governments of the federating units,
namely, the province of Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and
Baluchistan.
6.Fundamental Rights:
The 1973 Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to the citizens of Pakistan. Some of these areas under:
Equality of all citizens before the law.
Security of persons and of their properties and other belongings.
Right to acquire, hold or dispose of the property in any part of Pakistan.
Freedom of speech
Freedom of expression
Freedom of association
Religious Freedom
Right to adopt any lawful profession.
7.Islamic Provisions of the Constitution of 1973:

The following are the Islamic provisions of the Constitution of 1973.
•The Constitution of 1973 also names the country as the Islamic
Republic of Pakistan.
•Islam is the State Religion of Pakistan.
•Sovereignty belongs to Allah Almighty.
•Only Muslim could become President and Prime Minister of Pakistan.
•Islamic way of life.
•Islamization of laws.
8.Independence of Judiciary
The independence of the judiciary promotes the rule of law,
constitutionalism, fundamental rights, and democracy in a country. ...
Pakistan's constitution of 1973 provides in Article 2A that “the
independence of the judiciary should be fully secured.”
9.Parliamentary form of Government:
Conclusion
• The 1973 Constitution provides for a parliamentary form of government where the executive authority of the state vests with
the Prime Minister. ... Under the 1973 Constitution, Pakistan adopted bicameral system at the centre, called “The
Parliament”, composing the President, the National Assembly and The Senate.
1) Written Constitution The Constitution of 1962 was a written document. It consisted of five
schedules and 250 articles.
2) Rigid Constitution This is a rigid constitution. This is a rigid constitution can only be amended through a
particular process. If an amendment to the constitution is passed by at least two-third majority of the parliament
then it becomes a part of law after authentication by the President.
3) Federal System A federal system was introduced in the country. It consisted of a central government and
two provincial government comprising East and West Pakistan.
4) Presidential forum of Government President was the head Executive of the nation. He was empowered
to nominate the ministers of his cabinet.
6) Indirect Method of Election The President was elected by an Electoral College comprising 80,000 Basic
Democrats, equally distributed between the two provinces.
7) Provincial Governments There were two provincial governments. Each of them was headed by a governor.
He enjoyed powers in the province which the President enjoyed in the center. The Governor was empowered to
appoint provincial ministers with the sanction of the President of Pakistan.
8) Provincial Legislature Each province was provided with a legislature. It originally consisted of 150
members. However, later on this number was increased to 218.
9) Powers of President According to the 1962 Constitution the President should be a Muslim with the term of
5 years. He was eligible to promulgate Ordinances and veto against legislated laws only override-able by
two/thirds of the National Assembly. However, the President was not empowered to dissolve the Assembly
except the cost of his office also.
10) Restrictions to the President The President was not allowed to hold any office of profit in the
service of Pakistan but was not prevented from holding a managing private property.
11) Islamic Law No Law would be passed against the teaching of Quran and Sunnah and the
existing laws would be made Islamic in character.
• 12) Fundamental Rights The constitution of 1962 laid down fundamental rights of
speech and expression, freedom to choose profession and freedom to profess
religion. With Regards to civil rights, familiar right such as the rights of life, livery and
property were granted.
13) Role of Judiciary The Judiciary was responsible for the interpretation of laws
and executive orders in the light of the principles embodied in a written constitution.
14) Language Urdu and Bengali were recognized as National Languages.
Conclusion
Both the constitution were different in nature,the constitution of 1956
introduced Parlimentary form of Government while consitution of 1962
introduced presidential form of government.

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Meaning of an Ideology

The word “ideology” is composed of two Greek words “ideo” and

Allama Iqbal and Ideology of Pakistan

Salient Feature of the 1973

7.Islamic Provisions of the Constitution of 1973:

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