Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2019

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

In Physics (WPH04)
Paper 01 Physics on the Move
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January 2019
Publications Code WPH04_01_MS_1901
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2018
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same

treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the
same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must
be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may
lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide
the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification
may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of
the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must
be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate
has replaced it with an alternative response.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to:

• write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in

order to make the meaning clear
• select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to
complex subject matter
• organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary
when appropriate.

Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities.
Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in
the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.
Mark scheme notes

Underlying principle
The mark scheme will clearly indicate the concept that is being rewarded,
backed up by examples. It is not a set of model answers.

1. Mark scheme format

1.1 You will not see ‘wtte’ (words to that effect). Alternative correct wording
should be credited in every answer unless the MS has specified specific words
that must be present. Such words will be indicated by underlining e.g.
‘resonance’
1.2 Bold lower case will be used for emphasis e.g. ‘and’ when two pieces of
information are needed for 1 mark.
1.3 Round brackets ( ) indicate words that are not essential e.g. “(hence)
distance is increased”.
1.4 Square brackets [ ] indicate advice to examiners or examples e.g. [Do not
accept gravity] [ecf].

2. Unit error penalties

2.1 A separate mark is not usually given for a unit but a missing or incorrect
unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark will not be awarded.
2.2 This does not apply in ‘show that’ questions or in any other question where
the units to be used have been given, for example in a spreadsheet.
2.3 The mark will not be awarded for the same missing or incorrect unit only
once within one clip in epen.
2.4 Occasionally, it may be decided not to insist on a unit e.g the candidate
may be calculating the gradient of a graph, resulting in a unit that is not one
that should be known and is complex.
2.5 The mark scheme will indicate if no unit error is to be applied by means of
[no ue].

3. Significant figures
3.1 Use of too many significant figures in the theory questions will not be
prevent a mark being awarded if the answer given rounds to the answer in the
MS.
3.2 Too few significant figures will mean that the final mark cannot be
awarded in ‘show that’ questions where one more significant figure than the
value in the question is needed for the candidate to demonstrate the validity of
the given answer.
3.3 The use of one significant figure might be inappropriate in the context of
the question e.g. reading a value off a graph. If this is the case, there will be a
clear indication in the MS.
3.4 The use of g = 10 m s-2 or 10 N kg-1 instead of 9.81 m s-2 or 9.81 N kg-1
will mean that one mark will not be awarded. (but not more than once per
clip). Accept 9.8 m s-2 or 9.8 N kg-1
3.5 In questions assessing practical skills, a specific number of significant
figures will be required e.g. determining a constant from the gradient of a
graph or in uncertainty calculations. The MS will clearly identify the number of
significant figures required.
4. Calculations
4.1 Bald (i.e. no working shown) correct answers score full marks unless in a
‘show that’ question.
4.2 If a ‘show that’ question is worth 2 marks. then both marks will be
available for a reverse working; if it is worth 3 marks then only 2 will be
available.
4.3 use of the formula means that the candidate demonstrates substitution of
physically correct values, although there may be conversion errors e.g. power
of 10 error.
4.4 recall of the correct formula will be awarded when the formula is seen or
implied by substitution.
4.5 The mark scheme will show a correctly worked answer for illustration only.
Question Answer Mark
Number
The only correct answer is B because C = Q/V so F = C/V

A is not correct because this would be a unit Q/W

C is not correct because this would be a unit for W/Q

1 D is not correct because would be a unit forV/Q 1

The only correct answer is A because
p.d. for each capacitor = V/2
energy for each capacitor = ½ C (V/2)2 = C V2/8
energy for pair of capacitors = C V2/4

B is not correct because this is the energy stored for a single capacitor with
p.d. = V

C is not correct because this is calculated without applying V/2

2 D is not correct because this is 8 times the correct energy 1

The only correct answer is D because E = V/d and F = EQ

A is not correct because this includes (× d) instead of (÷ d)

B is not correct because this is half the correct value, incorrectly using d/2
because Q is hallway between the plates

C is not correct because this has reversed Q and d

3 1
The only correct answer is D because
I = F/Bl = 2 × 10−3 N / (0.05 T × 0.1 m)

A is not correct because this has been calculated using FBl

B is not correct because this has been calculated using FBl with l = 10 (cm)
instead of 0.1 (m)

4 C is not correct because l = 10 (cm) has been used instead of 0.1 (m) 1
The only correct answer is A because mesons are made of quark-
antiquark pairs and each quark in the anti-meson column is the antiquark
of a quark in the meson column

B is not correct because the same quarks have been used and not their
respective antiquarks

C is not correct because the particles contain more than a single quark and a
single antiquark

D is not correct because this pair represents a baryon and its corresponding
5 anti-baryon 1
The only correct answer is D this calculation uses × e/c2

A is not correct because this calculation uses × e/c

6 1
 B is not correct because this calculation uses ÷ ec2

C is not correct because this calculation uses ×ec2

The only correct answer is B this shows pair production from a gamma
photon in the presence of a massive particle with no track until X

A is not correct because the particles do not move in opposite directions at

point X

C is not correct because the particles a gamma photon cannot exist at rest

7 D is not correct because the charges of the particles have not been stated 1
The only correct answer is C because this is calculated using
1200 × 2π /60 s

A is not correct because this is calculated using 1200 / 60 s

B is not correct because this is calculated using 1200 × π / 60 s

8 D is not correct because this is calculated using 1200 / 2π 1

The only correct answer is B because EK = p2/2m and doubling mass and
momentum doubles EK

A is not correct because this represents no change and could be concluded by

failing to square p

C is not correct because this result would be obtained by failing to double m

9 D is not correct because this result would be obtained using EK = p2× 2m 1

The only correct answer is C because a positively charged particle could
be used

A is not correct because this is a reason for using electrons

B is not correct because this is a reason for using electrons

10 D is not correct because this is a reason for using electrons 1

Question Answer Mark
Number
11 Use of F = Δ(mv) / Δt (1)
With 60 s for time correctly applied (1)
Use of v = Δv + 252 m s−1 (1)
v = 372 m s−1 (1) 4

Example of calculation
138 000 N × 60 s = 34 600 kg × 2 × Δv
Δv = 120 m s−1
v = 120 m s−1 + 252 m s−1
= 372 m s−1
Total for question 11 4

Question Answer Mark

Number
12(a) Electron is a lepton (1)

Proton is a baryon Or Neutron is a baryon (1)

Baryons made of 3 quarks

Or Neutron made of 3 quarks Or Proton made of 3 quarks (1) 3
12(b) Use of ΔE = c2Δm (1)
ΔE = 1.20 × 10−9 J (1) 2
(Accept ΔE = 7.47 × 109 eV)

Example of calculation
ΔE = (3.00 × 108 m s−1)2 × 2 × 6.64 × 10−27 kg
= 1.20 × 10−9 J
Total for question 12 5
Question Answer Mark
Number
13(a) Use of r = p/BQ (1)
Use of p = mv (1)
Use of v = 2πr/T and f = 1/T Or Use of ω = v/r and ω = 2πr/T and T = 1/f (1)
f = 190 (kHz) (1)

Or
Use of F = Bqv (1)
Use of F = mv2/r (1)
Use of v = 2πr/T and f = 1/T Or Use of ω = v/r and ω = 2πr/T and T = 1/f (1)
f = 190 (kHz) (1) 4

Example of calculation
r = 4 × 105 m s−1 × 9.11 × 10−31 kg / 6.8 × 10−6 T × 1.60 × 10−19 C
= 0.335 m
T = 2π×0.335 m /4 × 105 m s−1 = 5.26 × 10−6 s
f = 1/ 5.26 × 10−6 s
f = 190 kHz
13(b) (According to FLHR) horizontal force on electron (into the page) (as
horizontal component perpendicular to field)
Or force on electron into the page (1)

Force perpendicular to path results in circular motion

Or Force perpendicular to path acts as centripetal force (1)

Component of motion downwards is unaffected as it is parallel to field

lines
Or There are no downward forces so vertical motion is unaffected (1) 3
Total for question 13 7
Question Answer Mark
Number
14(a) Use of EP = mgΔh (1)
Use of EK = ½ mv2 (1)
v = 1.1 (m s−1) (1)
3
Example of calculation
EP = 0.15 kg × 9.81 N kg−1 × 0.060 m = 0.088 J
0.088 J = ½ × 0.15 kg × v2
v = 1.08 m s−1
14(b) Use of p = mv (1)
Use of conservation of momentum (1)
v = 174 m s−1 so legal (ecf from (a)) (1) 3

Example of calculation
p = 0.15 kg × 1.08 m s−1 = 0.162 kg m s−1
v = 0.162 kg m s−1 / 0.00093 kg = 174.2 m s−1
14(c) For pellet, EK = 14 J (1)
Comparison of their values and concludes that collision not elastic (1) 2
(Allow ecf from (a) and (b))

Example of calculation
For pellet, EK = ½ × 0.00093 kg × (174 m s−1)2
= 14 J
14 J > 0.088 J
Total for question 14 8
Question Answer Mark
Number
*15(a) (QWC – Work must be clear and organised in a logical manner using technical
wording where appropriate)

Current in primary produces a magnetic field (1)

When switch opened (the current in primary falls) and there is a change
in magnetic flux linkage in the secondary
Or When switch opened (the current in primary falls) and lines of flux cut
the secondary coils (1)

E.m.f. is induced (1) 3

15(b) Use of φ = BA Or Use of Nφ = NBA (1)

Use of e.m.f. = (−)NΔφ/Δt (1)
Δt = 4.0 × 10−3 s (1) 3

Example of calculation
φ = 7.4 T × 1.4 × 10−3 m2
e.m.f. = (42 000 × 7.4 T × 1.4 × 10−3 m2) / Δt
Δt = 3.96 × 10−3 s
15 (c)(i) Use of (E =) V/d for values from table (1)

Answer less than 3 × 106 V m−1, (so cannot be uniform)

Or
Values not constant, (so cannot be uniform) (1) 2

OR
V is not proportional to d (1)
an example comparing data from two rows in the table (1)

Example of calculation
E = 110 × 103 V / 0.1 m
= 1.1 × 106 V m−1
Other values from table: 7.5 × 105 V m−1, 6.3 × 105 V m−1, 5.8 × 105 V m−1
15(c)(ii) Shape as for opposite point charges, at least three lines, at least one above and (1)
one below the midline
Direction of arrows (plus to minus) (1) 2

Example of diagram

Total for question 15 10

Question Answer Mark
Number
16 (a) To prevent alpha particles interacting with air molecules/particles (1)

Which could have:

Or resulted in alpha particles striking the foil from a different angle
Or stopped alpha particles from reaching the foil or reaching the screen (1) 2
16(b) Alpha particles need a large (electrostatic) force/field to deflect them through
angles greater than 90° (1)

(very) few were close enough to the charge so the space occupied must be
very small
Or a strong enough (electrostatic) field can only be formed by a high
concentration of charge
Or a strong enough (electrostatic) force can only be exerted by a high
concentration of charge (1) 2

*16 (c) (QWC – Work must be clear and organised in a logical manner using technical
wording where appropriate)

Greater angle/deflection with greater proton number (1)

Greater proton number means a greater charge (1)
More charge means a greater repulsive/deflecting force, so more deflection (1) 3
16(d) Use of F= kQ1Q2 / r2 (1)
Equates to F = mv2/r with substitution (1)
Use of λ = h/p and p = mv (1)
λ = 3.33 × 10−10 m (1)
C = 2πr = 3.32 × 10−10 m (1) 5

Example of calculation
F = 8.99 × 109 N m2 C−2 × (1.60 × 10−19 C)2 / (5.29 × 10−11 m)2
F = 8.22 × 10−8 N = 9.11× 10−31 kg v2/ 5.29 × 10−11 m
v = 2.19 × 106 m s−1
p = 9.11× 10−31 kg × 2.19 × 106 m s−1 = 1.99 × 10−24 N s
λ = 3.33 × 10−10 m
C = 2πr = 3.32 × 10−10 m
Total for question 16 12
Question Answer Mark
Number
*17(a) (QWC – Work must be clear and organised in a logical manner using technical
wording where appropriate)

Capacitor charges when S1 moves to position 1 (1)

Capacitor starts to discharge when S1 moves to position 2 (1)

Capacitor stops discharging when S2 is opened

Or Final V used with V = Vo e−t/RC (1) 3
17(b)(i) Use of V = Vo e−t/RC Or Use of lnV = lnV0 – t/RC (1)
t = 0.21 (s) (1) 2
Example of calculation:
V = Vo e−t/RC
0.7 V = 6.0 V e−t/370 Ω × 0.00027 F
t = 0.21 s
17(b)(ii) Non-zero intercept on y axis and p.d. decreasing (1)
Exponential curve i.e. decreasing gradient, but not reaching x-axis (1) 2
Example of graph:
Potential difference

17b(iii) More sensitive means a bigger change in p.d. for a given change in time (1)

Requires the gradient (at that time) to be greater (1)

This requires the time constant to be close(r) to the approximate reaction time
Or If time constant too small it will be nearly discharged
Or If time constant too large the p.d. will be changing too slowly (1)

Increase the resistance/capacitance (1) 4

Or
More sensitive means a bigger change in p.d. for a given change in time (1)

Requires the gradient (at that time) to be greater (1)

Because the gradient at a given time is proportional to the initial p.d. (1)

Increase the initial p.d. (1)

Total for question 17 11
Question Answer Mark
Number
18(a) Mass numbers correct with 4 neutrons (1)
Atomic numbers correct (1) 2

1 85 82
1p + 37Rb → 38Sr + 4 × 10n
18(b)(i) Adjacent drift tubes have opposite potentials/polarity/charge (1)

There is an electric field between drift tubes

Or There is an electric field in the gaps (1)

This exerts a force on protons (and causes acceleration) (1)

Idea that while the protons are traveling through a particular drift tube, the
polarity reverses (so that once they reach the next gap they are again accelerated
down the linac) (1) 4
18(b)(ii) Conversion from MeV to J (1)

Use of EK = ½ mv2
Or Use of EK = p2/2m and p = mv (1)

Use of time = 1/frequency (1)

Use of s = vt (1)

s = 4.9 cm (1) 5

Example of calculation
EK = 3.2 × 10−13 J
v = √(2 × 3.2 × 10−13 J / 1.67 × 10−27 kg) =
v = 1.96 × 107 m s−1
T = 1/ 198 MHz = 5.1 × 10−9 s
From A to B is half a cycle of the a.c., so t = 5.1 × 10−9 s / 2
s = 1.96 × 107 m s−1 × 5.1 × 10−9 s / 2 = 4.9 cm
18(b)(iii) The time between accelerating sections is shorter (with a higher frequency)
Or The time in the drift tubes is shorter (1)

So it is possible to reach high speed/acceleration with a shorter linac

Or So it is possible to reach greater speed/acceleration with the same length 2
Or It is possible to use greater electric field strength between tubes (1)
Total for question 18 13
15cii examples

2 (allow touching along the rods)

1 (only one line)

1 (only straight lines, not touching rods)

1 (only on one side of the centre line)

2
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