PMT

Mark Scheme (Results)

November 2021

Pearson Edexcel GCE

In Physics (8PH0)
Paper 1: Core Physics I
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November 2021
Question Paper Log Number 67085
Publications Code 8PH01_01_2111_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2021
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General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the
first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded
for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should
be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners
should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the
mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if
the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark
scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme
to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response.
• Mark schemes will indicate within the table where, and which strands of
QWC, are being assessed. The strands are as follows:

i) ensure that text is legible and that spelling, punctuation and grammar
are accurate so that meaning is clear
ii) select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and
to complex subject matter
iii) organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist
vocabulary when appropriate.
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Mark scheme notes

Underlying principle
The mark scheme will clearly indicate the concept that is being rewarded, backed up
by examples. It is not a set of model answers.

1. Mark scheme format

1.1 You will not see ‘wtte’ (words to that effect). Alternative correct wording should
be credited in every answer unless the MS has specified specific words that must be
present. Such words will be indicated by underlining e.g. ‘resonance’
1.2 Bold lower case will be used for emphasis e.g. ‘and’ when two pieces of
information are needed for 1 mark.
1.3 Round brackets ( ) indicate words that are not essential e.g. “(hence) distance is
increased”.
1.4 Square brackets [ ] indicate advice to examiners or examples e.g. [Do not accept
gravity] [ecf].

2. Unit error penalties

2.1 A separate mark is not usually given for a unit but a missing or incorrect unit will
normally mean that the final calculation mark will not be awarded.
2.2 This does not apply in ‘show that’ questions or in any other question where the
units to be used have been given, for example in a spreadsheet.
2.3 The mark will not be awarded for the same missing or incorrect unit only once
within one clip in epen.
2.4 Occasionally, it may be decided not to insist on a unit e.g the candidate may be
calculating the gradient of a graph, resulting in a unit that is not one that should be
known and is complex.
2.5 The mark scheme will indicate if no unit error is to be applied by means of [no
ue].

3. Significant figures
3.1 Use of too many significant figures in the theory questions will not be prevent a
mark being awarded if the answer given rounds to the answer in the MS.
3.2 Too few significant figures will mean that the final mark cannot be awarded in
‘show that’ questions where one more significant figure than the value in the
question is needed for the candidate to demonstrate the validity of the given
answer.
3.3 The use of one significant figure might be inappropriate in the context of the
question e.g. reading a value off a graph. If this is the case, there will be a clear
indication in the MS.
3.4 The use of g = 10 m s-2 or 10 N kg-1 instead of 9.81 m s-2 or 9.81 N kg-1 will mean
that one mark will not be awarded. (but not more than once per clip). Accept 9.8 m
s-2 or 9.8 N kg-1
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3.5 In questions assessing practical skills, a specific number of significant figures will
be required e.g. determining a constant from the gradient of a graph or in
uncertainty calculations. The MS will clearly identify the number of significant
figures required.

4. Calculations
4.1 Bald (i.e. no working shown) correct answers score full marks unless in a ‘show
that’ question.
4.2 If a ‘show that’ question is worth 2 marks. then both marks will be available for a
reverse working; if it is worth 3 marks then only 2 will be available.
4.3 use of the formula means that the candidate demonstrates substitution of
physically correct values, although there may be conversion errors e.g. power of 10
error.
4.4 recall of the correct formula will be awarded when the formula is seen or
implied by substitution.
4.5 The mark scheme will show a correctly worked answer for illustration only.
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Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
1 D is the only correct answer A is incorrect because coulombs is a derived unit and 1
amperes is a base unit
B is incorrect because joules is a derived unit
C is incorrect because newtons is a derived unit and kilograms is
a base unit
2 B is the only correct answer A is incorrect because amplitude does increase 1
C is incorrect because rate of collision does increase
D is incorrect because rate of energy transfer does increase
3 A is the only correct answer B is incorrect because speed has been divided by 2 1
C is incorrect because EK = 0.5 mv2
D is incorrect because EK = 0.5 mv2
4 C is the only correct answer A is incorrect because the wrong trigonometric function has 1
been used
B is incorrect because the wrong trigonometric function has
been used
D is incorrect because the wrong algebraic equation has been
used
5 D is the only correct answer A is incorrect because the time has not been converted to 1
seconds
B is incorrect because Q = It and time has not been
converted to seconds
C is incorrect because Q = It
6 C is the only correct answer A is incorrect because the wrong trigonometric function has 1
been used
B is incorrect because the wrong trigonometric function has
been used
D is incorrect because the wrong forces have been used
7 B is the only correct answer A is incorrect because this does not give the correct ratio 1
C is incorrect because this does not give the correct ratio
D is incorrect because this does not give the correct ratio
8 A is the only correct answer B is incorrect because P = mgh/t = mgv 1
C is incorrect because P = mgh/t = mgv
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D is incorrect because P = mgh/t = mgv

(Total for Multiple Choice Questions = 8 marks)

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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number
9 2
• Use moment = F x (1) Example of calculation
• x = 0.49 m (1) 6.5 N × (0.75 m − 𝑥𝑥) = 3.5 N 𝑥𝑥
4.875 Nm − 6.5 𝑥𝑥 = 3.5 𝑥𝑥
4.875 Nm
𝑥𝑥 = = 0.488 m
10 N
(Total for Question 9 = 2 marks)
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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number
10(a) 1 1 1 2
(1) Example of calculation
• Use of + =
𝑅𝑅 𝑅𝑅1 𝑅𝑅2 1 1 1
• R = 72 (Ω) (1) = + = 0.0139 Ω−1
𝑅𝑅 120 Ω 180 Ω
1
∴ 𝑅𝑅 = = 72.0 Ω
0.0139 Ω−1

10(b) 4
• Use of V = IR Example of calculation
(1) 9V
• Use of 𝑃𝑃 = 𝐼𝐼 2 𝑅𝑅 𝐼𝐼 = (72+2.5) = 0.121 A
(1) Ω
𝐸𝐸
• Use of 𝑃𝑃 = 2
𝑡𝑡 (1) 𝑃𝑃 = (0.121 A) × 72 Ω = 1.05 W
• E = 320 J ECF from (a) [show that answer gives 323 J] (1) 𝐸𝐸 = 1.05 W × 300 s = 316 J
Or
• Use of V = IR to find I (1)
• Use of V = IR to find terminal pd (1)
• Use of W = VIt (1)
(1)
• E = 320 J ECF from (a) [show that answer gives 323 J]

(Total for Question 10 = 6 marks)

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Question Additional guidance

Acceptable Answer Mark
Number
11(a) 3
• Tangent drawn at t = 4.0 s (1) Example of calculation
• Gradient of tangent determined (1) (35.0−25.0)m s −1
• a in the range 1.4 – 1.6 m s¬2 𝑎𝑎 = (10.0−0.0) s
= 1.50 m s−2
(1)

11(b) 3
• Use of displacement = area under line (1) Example of calculation
• 1 square = 20 m (1) Number of squares = 42
Or area divided into regular shapes
(1) 1 square = 2 s × 5 m s−1 = 10 m
• s in the range 410 – 430 m
s = 42 × 10 m = 420 m
(Total for Question 11 = 6 marks)
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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number
12(a)(i) 3
• Calculation of mean (1) Example of calculation

• (1) (1.40+1.44+1.42+1.41) mm
Use of half range Or maximum difference from the mean
𝑑𝑑̅ = =1.42 mm
(1) 4
• % uncertainty = 1.4%
(1.44 − 1.40) mm/2
%𝑈𝑈= ×100%=1.41%
1.42 mm
12(a)(ii) 3
• Use of 𝐴𝐴 = 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 (1) Example of calculation
𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌
• Use of 𝑅𝑅 = 𝐴𝐴 (1) 1.42 × 10−3 m
2

• ρ = 6.9 × 10−7 (Ω m), so wire is made from stainless steel 𝐴𝐴 = 𝜋𝜋 � � = 1.58 × 10−6 m2
(1) 2
0.72 Ω × 1.58 × 10−6 m2
𝜌𝜌 = = 6.9 × 10−7 Ω m
1.65 m
12(b) 𝑉𝑉 2
3
(1) Example of calculation
• Use of 𝑃𝑃 = 𝑅𝑅
(230 V)2
𝑃𝑃 = = 813.8 m
• Use of resistance per unit length (1) 65 W
813.8 m
(1) 𝑙𝑙 = = 9.30 m
• l = 9.3 m 87.5 Ω m−1
(Total for Question 12 = 9 marks)
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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number
13(a) 3
• Use of 𝑝𝑝 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (1) Example of calculation
• Use of momentum conservation (1) 𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖 = (66 + 52) kg × 5 .6 m s −1
• v = 4.1 m s−1 (1) 𝑝𝑝𝑓𝑓 = (66 kg)𝑣𝑣 + (52 kg × 7.5 m s−1 )
(661 − 390) kg m s−1
∴ 𝑣𝑣 = = 4.11 m s −1
66 kg
13(b) 4
An explanation that makes reference to the following
points:
• (Male skater exerts a force on female skater), so
according to N3 (1)
• Female skater will exert an (equal and) opposite force
on male skater (1)
• There is now a resultant force on male skater
• Male skater decelerates according to N1/N2 (1)

Or male skater’s velocity decreases according to

N1/N2 (1)
13(c) 2
An explanation that makes reference to the following
points:
• Male skater does work as he pushes female skater
Or
Energy transfers from the male skater as he pushes (1)
female skater (1)
• So there is an increase in kinetic energy
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[MP2 dependent on MP1]

(Total for Question 13 = 9 marks)

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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number
14(a)(i)
• 𝑣𝑣 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 2.2 (m s−1) (1) Example of calculation 1
𝑣𝑣 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 2.6 m s−1 × sin 57° = 2.18 m s −1
14(a)(ii) 5
• Use of 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑢𝑢 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 (1) Example of calculation
• Use of 𝑣𝑣 cos 𝜃𝜃 (1) (0 − 2.2)m s −1
𝑡𝑡 = = 0.224 s
1 (1) −9.8 m s−2
• Use of 𝑠𝑠 = 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 + 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡 2
2
𝑣𝑣 cos 𝜃𝜃 = 2.6 m s−1 × cos 57° = 1.42 m s −1
• Number of body lengths = range/body length (1)
𝑠𝑠 = 1.42 m s −1 × 2 × 0.224 s = 0.636 m
• 12.7 body lengths, so not twenty lengths (1) 0.636 m
number of lengths = = 12.7
0.05 m
14(b) Alternative explanation. 4
An explanation that makes reference to the following points:
• Energy released does not change, so same final velocity (1) • Energy released does not change so work done
does not change
• Same increase in velocity over longer time means a
smaller acceleration (1) • Work done = Force x displacement
• Smaller force exerted by legs during jump (1) • As legs are longer, force exerted by legs during
jump is smaller
• So smaller force on ground (1)
• So smaller force on ground
MP3 and MP4 dependent upon MP2
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14(c)
• Vertical velocity component increases by factor of 1.2, so Example of calculation 4
time in air increases by a factor of 1.2 (1) 𝑢𝑢 → 1.2𝑢𝑢
• Horizontal component of velocity increases by factor of 𝑡𝑡 → 1.2𝑡𝑡
1.2, 𝑠𝑠 = 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢
(1)
• Horizontal distance travelled increases by a factor of
1.2×1.2 = 1.44 ∴ 𝑠𝑠 → 1.2𝑢𝑢 × 1.2𝑡𝑡
• So jump length would increase by 44%, not by 100% (1)
𝑠𝑠 → 1.44𝑠𝑠
(1)

OR
• (20% increase in v means that) new jump velocity = 1.2 v (1)

• Use of expressions for time to greatest height and (1)

horizontal distance
• Jump length is proportional to v2 (1)
• New jump length = 1.44 × original jump length, so not (1)
double the length
(Total for Question = 14 marks)
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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number
15(a)(i) • Use of ∆𝐹𝐹 = 𝑘𝑘∆𝑥𝑥 (1) Example of calculation 2
• 45 (N m−1) [accept 0.45 N cm−1] (1) 2.5 N
𝑘𝑘 = = 45.45 N m−1
5.5 × 10−2 m

15(a)(ii) • Use of 𝑤𝑤 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (1) Example of calculation 4

• Use of vertical component of spring forces (1) 𝑤𝑤 = 0.400 kg × 9.8 N kg −1 = 3.92 N
• Use of ∆𝐹𝐹 = 𝑘𝑘∆𝑥𝑥 (1) 3.92 N
2𝑇𝑇 cos 30° = 3.92 N ∴ 𝐹𝐹 = = 2.26 N
2 cos 30°
• ∆𝑥𝑥 = 0.050 m [accept 5.0 cm] (ECF from (a)(i)) (1)
2.26 N
∆𝑥𝑥 = = 0.0498 m
45.45 N m−1
*15(b)
This question assesses a student’s ability to show a coherent and 6
logically structured answer with linkages and fully-sustained IC IC mark Max Max
reasoning. points linkage final
Marks are awarded for indicative content and for how the answer is mark mark
structured and shows lines of reasoning. availabl
e
The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for 6 4 2 6
indicative content.
5 3 2 5
• There is an upthrust on the rock (as the rock displaces
water) 4 3 1 4
• Hence the net downward force on the rock is reduced 3 2 1 3
• F decreases to a minimum once the rock is fully
submerged 2 2 0 2
• The rock pushes downwards on the water 1 1 0 1
• So there is an extra force on the balance
• Hence R increases to a maximum once the rock is fully 0 0 0 0
submerged

(Total for Question 15 = 12 marks)

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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number

• Comparison with 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑐𝑐 (1) 𝑣𝑣 2

16(a) 𝑚𝑚 = −1
• Gradient is 1/f and constant [allow reference to m for (1) 𝑓𝑓
“gradient”] 1
𝑚𝑚 = 𝑣𝑣 − 1
𝑓𝑓
16(b)(i) 6
• m = 1.05 to 3 SF (1) Example of calculation
• Axis labels and unit (1) ℎi 2.15 cm
𝑚𝑚 = = = 1.054
ℎo 2.04 cm
• Scales (1)
• Plots
(2)
• Line of best fit
(1)
• Uses large triangle (1) Example of calculation
16(b)(ii) • To determine gradient (1) Gradient = 0.0588 cm−1 3
(1) 1 1
• f in the range 16.5 – 17.4 cm to 2/3 SF 𝑓𝑓 = = = 17.01 cm
gradient 0.0588 cm−1
An explanation that makes reference to the following points:
3
16(c)
• Only a real image will be produced on a screen (1)
• The object cannot be closer than f for a real image (1)
• Because light diverges after passing through the lens (1)

OR

• If object closer than f rays still diverge after passing though lens (1)
• So a virtual image is formed (1)
• which cannot be seen on a screen. (1)
(Total for Question 16 = 14 marks)
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m
4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0
y = 0.0604x - 0.7936
1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0
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