Reproduction in Plants PDF

Unit: 02 REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
TOPIC: 1.
Q:1. Explain why flowers are important to a plant?
Ans: Flowers are the reproductive system of plants. They contain the reproductive organ
Which produce male and female reproductive cells or gametes.
Q:2. Explain the difference b/w cross pollination & self-pollination.
Self-Pollination Cross-Pollination
Transfer pollen grains from the anther to the Transfer pollen grains from the anther to the
stigma of the same flower. stigma of the different flower.
This process can take place either in the same This process can take place between two flowers
flower or another flower of the same plant. on different plants.
It occurs in the flowers which are genetically It occurs between flowers which are genetically
same. different.
In self-pollination, both the stigma and anther In cross-pollination, both the stigma and anther
mature at the same time. mature at the different time.
No need of pollinators to transfer pollen grains. Require pollinators to transfer pollen grains.
Pollen grains are directly transferred onto the Pollen grains are transferred through insects,
stigma of the flower. wind, water, animals, etc.
Q:3. Describe how an insect carries pollen from one flower to another.
Ans. Insects such as bees visit flowers to collect nectar and pollen for food. While they are
doing this the hairy body of the insect becomes covered in pollen grains. As the insect visits
other flowers, pollen is transported from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another.
flower of the same species, these pollen grains are transferred to the flower's stigma and
pollination occurs.
TOPIC:2. POLLINATION BY WIND:
Q: 1. Explain how wind pollinated flowers catch pollen grains carried by the wind.
Ans: Wind-pollinated flowers have feathery stigmas that catch pollen grains as they are carried
by the wind.
Q: 2. Describe three differences b/w a wind pollinated flower and an insect pollinated flower.
Insect pollinated Wind Pollinated
Large brightly coloured petals Small dull coloured petals
Flower has scent Flower does not have scent
Filament is strong & inside the flower Filament is thin & hang outside the flower
Pollen grains are sticky or hairy Pollen grains are light
Stigma is also hairy & sticky Stigma feathery to catch pollen & hang
outside
TOPIC:3. FERTILIZATION:
Q: A student was using a microscope to look at pollen grains taken from two different
flowers. Some pollen grains were small & very smooth. The others were larger and had a
spiky sticky surface. Which pollen came from hazel catkins? Explain your answer.
Ans: The small and very smooth pollen grains were from the hazel catkins because hazel catkins
are wind pollinated flowers
TOPIC:4. SEEDS AND FRUITS:
Q:1. After fertilization, what happens to?
a)The flower: the flower’s petals dies & drop off b)The Ovule: the ovule become seed c)The
Ovary wall: The ovary wall becomes a fruit
Q:2. Describe the structure of a seed?

Ans: A seed contains a tiny embryo plant together with a large food store. Surrounding the seed
is a tough seed coat which protects it. The embryo plant consists of an embryo root and an
embryo shoot.
Q:3. What is the bigger part of a seed? Suggest a reason for this.
Ans: A seed is the part of a seed plant which can grow into a new plant. When the seed is ready
to develop, it needs water, air and warmth but not sunlight to become a seedling. Seeds carry
the food that helps the new plant begin to grow. This food store is in the endosperm, and/or in
the cotyledons.
TOPIC:5. GERMINATION:
Q:1. What does a seed need in order to grow?
Ans: Seed needs water, oxygen and a suitable temperature to grow.
Q:2. (a) Describe what happens when a seed germinates.
Ans: Seed germination starts with imbibition, when the seed takes in water from the soil. This
triggers root growth to allow the seed to get more water. Then, the shoots develop and grow
towards the sun above ground.
(b) Where does the growing embryo get its energy from?
Ans: The "baby" plant grows entirely from stored energy and food from the cotyledons until it
reaches sunlight.
Q:3. Explain why seeds do not germinate in the packet.
Ans: All the specific conditions a seed needs to germinate won't be present in seed packet but
by far the most important is humidity. So if seed will be dry it will not germinate inside
the packet.
TOPIC:6. CLONING IN PLANTS:
Q:1. What is a clone?
Ans: An organism or cell, or group of organisms or cells, produced asexually from one ancestor
or stock, to which they are genetically identical.
Q:2. (a) What is a cutting?

Ans: Cutting portion of a stem, root, or leaf cut from the parent plant for the production of a
new independent plant by inducing it to form shoots and roots under favorable environmental
conditions
(b) Where are cutting taken from?
Ans: some are taken from the following
stem cuttings, leaf cuttings, leaf-bud cuttings, and root cuttings
Q:3. Give one big disadvantage of cloning.
Ans: One of the main drawbacks of cloning is that if the original organism has genetic defects,
these transfer to the clone as a copy of the original.
TOPIC:7. MICROPROPAGATION AND TISSUE CULTURE:
Q:1. What is micropropagation?
Ans: Micropropagation is the practice of rapidly multiplying stock plant material to produce
many progeny plants, using modern plant tissue culture methods
Q:2. Explain why conditions for micro propagation must be sterile.
Ans: To prevent contamination of the plant and the growth medium.
Q:3. (a) What is growth medium?
Ans: A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid or semi-solid designed to support
the growth of microorganisms or cells, or small plants.
(b) Why does a growth medium contain hormone?
Ans: A growth medium contains hormones to encourage the growth of new roots
Q:4. Give two advantages of tissue culture?
I. Formation of a large number of clones from a single explant.
II. Reproduction without the need for seeds.

Q:5. Differentiate b/w propagation & micro propagation
Propagation Micro propagation
Propagation is the process of creating new Micro propagation means growing new
plants from a variety of sources such as plants from very tiny pieces
seeds, cuttings bulbs and other plants parts.

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Unit: 02 REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

Which produce male and female reproductive cells or gametes.

Q:2. Explain the difference b/w cross pollination & self-pollination.

TOPIC:2. POLLINATION BY WIND:

Insect pollinated Wind Pollinated

Large brightly coloured petals Small dull coloured petals

Flower has scent Flower does not have scent

Pollen grains are sticky or hairy Pollen grains are light

TOPIC:4. SEEDS AND FRUITS:

Q:1. After fertilization, what happens to?

Q:2. Describe the structure of a seed?

Q:1. What does a seed need in order to grow?

Ans: Seed needs water, oxygen and a suitable temperature to grow.

Q:2. (a) Describe what happens when a seed germinates.

Q:3. Explain why seeds do not germinate in the packet.

TOPIC:6. CLONING IN PLANTS:

Q:1. What is a clone?

Q:2. (a) What is a cutting?

(b) Where are cutting taken from?

Ans: some are taken from the following

stem cuttings, leaf cuttings, leaf-bud cuttings, and root cuttings

Q:3. Give one big disadvantage of cloning.

TOPIC:7. MICROPROPAGATION AND TISSUE CULTURE:

Q:1. What is micropropagation?

Q:2. Explain why conditions for micro propagation must be sterile.

Ans: To prevent contamination of the plant and the growth medium.

Q:3. (a) What is growth medium?

(b) Why does a growth medium contain hormone?

Q:4. Give two advantages of tissue culture?

I. Formation of a large number of clones from a single explant.

II. Reproduction without the need for seeds.

Propagation Micro propagation

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