Tugas 5B-Diyannisa Noor Faiza-150510220281

Link 1 Interactive Virtual Flower Dissection
Learn the Basic Terms

Virtual Flower Dissection
Flower 1 Pentas lanceolata

Flower 2 Michelia figo
Flower 3 Canna
Link 2 Plant Reproduction
1. Figure 32.3 If the anther is missing, what type of reproductive structure will the
flower be unable to produce? What term is used to describe a flower that is normally
lacking the androecium? What term describes a flower lacking a gynoecium?
Answer:
The flowers which do not have the anther will not be able to produce pollen (sperm).
The flowers without androecium are called carpellate flower and those without
gynoecium is called as a staminate flower.
2. Figure 32.8 An embryo sac is missing the synergids. What specific impact would you
expect this to have on fertilization?
Answer:
The pollen tube will form but will not be guided toward the egg.
3. Figure 32.20 What is the function of the cotyledon?
Answer:
It provides nutrition for the embryo.
4. In a plant’s male reproductive organs, development of pollen takes place in a structure
known as the________
Answer:
microsporangium
5. The stamen consists of a long stalk called the filament that supports the________
Answer:
anther
6. The ________ are collectively called the calyx.
Answer:
sepals
7. The pollen lands on which part of the flower?
Answer:
stigma
8. After double fertilization, a zygote and ________ form.
Answer:
endosperm
9. The fertilized ovule gives rise to the ________.
Answer:
seed
10. What is the term for a fruit that develops from tissues other than the ovary?
Answer:
accessory fruit
11. The ________ is the outermost covering of a fruit.
Answer:
exocarp
12. ________ is a useful method of asexual reproduction for propagating hard-to-root
plants.
Answer:
grafting
13. Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction?
Answer:
When cuttings or buds are taken from an adult plant or plant parts, the resulting plant
will grow into an adult faster than a seedling.
14. Plants that flower once in their lifetime are known as ________.
Answer:
monocarpic
15. Plant species that complete their lifecycle in one season are known as ________.
Answer:
annuals
16. Describe the reproductive organs inside a flower.
Answer:
The reproductive parts of the flower are carpel and stamen which are found inside the
flower. The carpel is the female reproductive part, which consists of the stigma, style
and ovary. The stamen is the male reproductive part, consisting an anther and a
filament that supports the anther. Anther is where the pollen is produced.
17. Describe the two-stage lifecycle of plants: the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte
stage.
Answer:
Plants have two distinct stages in their lifecycle: the gametophyte stage and the
sporophyte stage. The haploid gametophyte produces the male and female gametes by
mitosis in distinct multicellular structures. Fusion of the male and females gametes
forms the diploid zygote, which develops into the sporophyte. After reaching
maturity, the diploid sporophyte produces spores by meiosis, which in turn divide by
mitosis to produce the haploid gametophyte. The new gametophyte produces gametes,
and the cycle continues.
18. Describe the four main parts, or whorls, of a flower.
Answer:
A typical flower has four main parts, or whorls, known as the calyx, corolla,
androecium, and gynoecium. The outermost whorl of the flower has green, leafy
structures known as sepals. The sepals, collectively called the calyx, help to protect
the unopened bud. The second whorl is comprised of petals, usually brightly colored,
collectively called the corolla. The number of sepals and petals varies depending on
whether the plant is a monocot or dicot. The third whorl contains the male
reproductive structures and is known as the androecium. The androecium has stamens
with anthers that contain the microsporangia. The innermost group of structures in the
flower is the gynoecium, or the female reproductive component(s). The carpel is the
individual unit of the gynoecium and has a stigma, style, and ovary.
19. Discuss the differences between a complete flower and an incomplete flower.
Answer:
A flower is said to be incomplete when one or more of the whorl components is not
present, whereas a complete flower is one where all the whorl components are present
in a single flower.
20. Why do some seeds undergo a period of dormancy, and how do they break
dormancy?
Answer:
Many seeds go into dormancy, which is a period of inactivity or very low metabolic
activity. Seeds go dormant for a period of time in order to endure harsh conditions and
germinate when conditions improve. Moisture, light, cold, fire, and chemical
treatments are all favourable conditions. A huge number of new seedlings develop
following heavy rainfall.
21. Discuss some ways in which fruit seeds are dispersed.
Answer:
Some fruits have built-in seed distribution mechanisms, whereas others rely on
external factors like wind, water, and animals.
22. What are some advantages of asexual reproduction in plants?
Answer:
Asexual reproduction does not require the expenditure of the plant’s resources and
energy that would be involved in producing a flower, attracting pollinators, or
dispersing seeds. Asexual reproduction results in plants that are genetically identical
to the parent plant, since there is no mixing of male and female gametes, resulting in
better survival. The cuttings or buds taken from an adult plant produce progeny that
mature faster and are sturdier than a seedling grown from a seed.
23. Describe natural and artificial methods of asexual reproduction in plants.
Answer:
Asexual reproduction in plants can take place by natural methods or artificial
methods. Natural methods include strategies used by the plant to propagate itself.
Artificial methods include grafting, cutting, layering, and micropropagation.
24. Discuss the life cycles of various plants.
Answer:
Plant species that complete their life cycle in one season are known as annuals.
Biennials complete their life cycle in two seasons. In the first season, the plant has a
vegetative phase, whereas in the next season, it completes its reproductive phase.
Perennials, such as the magnolia, complete their life cycle in two years or more.
25. How are plants classified on the basis of flowering frequency?
Answer:
Monocarpic plants flower only once during their lifetime. During the vegetative
period of their lifecycle, these plants accumulate a great deal of food material that will
be required during their once-in-a-lifetime flowering and setting of seed after
fertilization. Soon after flowering, these plants die.
Polycarpic plants flower several times during their life span. Therefore, not all
nutrients are channelled towards flowering.

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Link 1 Interactive Virtual Flower Dissection

Learn the Basic Terms

Flower 1 Pentas lanceolata

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