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    Ece3003 Microcontroller and Its Applications Quick References

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    Jagan Faith
    This document provides quick references on various topics related to microcontroller 8051 and its applications. It discusses memory organization, PSW register, machine cycles, timers, serial communication, and LCD interface with examples. Instructions on how to program timer 0 in mode 2 for auto-reload and generate a square wave using timer 1 in mode 1 are given. An assembly code example to initialize and display text on a 2x16 LCD is also provided.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ece3003 Microcontroller and Its Applications Quick References

    Uploaded by

    Jagan Faith
    23 views17 pages
    This document provides quick references on various topics related to microcontroller 8051 and its applications. It discusses memory organization, PSW register, machine cycles, timers, serial communication, and LCD interface with examples. Instructions on how to program timer 0 in mode 2 for auto-reload and generate a square wave using timer 1 in mode 1 are given. An assembly code example to initialize and display text on a 2x16 LCD is also provided.

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    ECE3003_QUICK_REFERNCES

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    This document provides quick references on various topics related to microcontroller 8051 and its applications. It discusses memory organization, PSW register, machine cycles, timers, serial communication, and LCD interface with examples. Instructions on how to program timer 0 in mode 2 for auto-reload and generate a square wave using timer 1 in mode 1 are given. An assembly code example to initialize and display text on a 2x16 LCD is also provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views17 pages

    Ece3003 Microcontroller and Its Applications Quick References

    Uploaded by

    Jagan Faith
    This document provides quick references on various topics related to microcontroller 8051 and its applications. It discusses memory organization, PSW register, machine cycles, timers, serial communication, and LCD interface with examples. Instructions on how to program timer 0 in mode 2 for auto-reload and generate a square wave using timer 1 in mode 1 are given. An assembly code example to initialize and display text on a 2x16 LCD is also provided.

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    ECE3003 MICROCONTROLLER AND ITS APPLICATIONS

    QUICK REFERENCES

    Memory Organization
    PSW REGISTER

    MACHINE CYCLES
    A cycle is, in reality, 12 pulses of the crystal

    Since we know the crystal is pulsing 11,059,000 times per second and
    that one machine cycle is 12 pulses, we can calculate how many
    instruction cycles the 8051 can execute per second:

    1 Machine cycle = 11,059,000 / 12 = 921,583 and


    I machine cycle period = 1/ 921,583=1.085µs

    Simple Delay Program using registers only

    TMOD REGISTER
     To calculate the values to be loaded into the TL and TH registers, look at the following
    example

     Assume XTAL = 11.0592 MHz, we can use the following steps for finding the TH, TL
    registers’ values

    1. Divide the desired time delay by 1.085 us

    2. Perform 65536 – n, where n is the decimal value we got in Step1

    3. Convert the result of Step2 to hex, where yyxx is the initial hex value to be loaded into
    the timer’s register

    4. Set TL = xx and TH = yy To generate a time delay

    Steps to program Timer 0 Mode 1 (16-bit timer)

    • Assuming XTAL = 11.0592 MHz, write a program to generate a square wave of 50 Hz


    frequency on pin P2.3.

    Solution:

    1. The period of the square wave = 1 / 50 Hz = 20 ms.

    2. The high or low portion of the square wave = 10 ms.

    3. 10 ms / 1.085 s = 9216

    4. 65536 – 9216 = 56320 in decimal = DC00H in hex.

    5. TL1 = 00H and TH1 = DCH.

    6. CLR P2.3

    MOV TMOD,#10H ;timer 1, mode 1

    AGAIN: MOV TL1,#00 ;Timer value = DC00H

    MOV TH1,#0DCH

    SETB TR1 ;start

    BACK: JNB TF1,BACK

    CLR TR1 ;stop

    CPL P2.3

    CLR TF1 ;clear timer flag 1

    SJMP AGAIN ;reload timer since


    Timer 0 Mode-2 (Auto-reload Timer)
    SCON is an 8-bit register used to program the start bit, stop
    bit, and data bits
    EXAMPLE
    EXAMPLE
    LCD INTERFACE
    EXAMPLE

    ORG 0000H

    MOV A, #38H ; INITIALIZE 2x16 LCD

    ACALL COMNWRT ; call command subroutine

    ACALL DELAY ; give LCD some time

    MOV A, #0EH ; display on, cursor on

    ACALL COMNWRT ; call command subroutine

    ACALL DELAY ; give LCD some time

    MOV A, #01 ; clear LCD

    ACALL COMNWRT ; call command subroutine

    ACALL DELAY ; give LCD some time


    MOV A, #06H ; shift cursor right

    ACALL COMNWRT ; call command subroutine

    ACALL DELAY ; give LCD some time

    MOV A, #84H ; cursor at line 1, pos. 4

    ACALL COMNWRT ; call command subroutine

    ACALL DELAY ; give LCD some time

    MOV A, #’B’ ; display letter SAY ‘ M ‘

    ACALL DATAWRT ; call display subroutine

    ACALL DELAY ; give LCD some time

    MOV A, #’E’ ; display letter SAY ‘ E ’

    ACALL DATAWRT ; call display subroutine

    AGAIN: SJMP AGAIN ; stay here

    COMNWRT: ; send command to LCD

    MOV P1, A ; copy reg A to port 1

    CLR P2.0 ; RS=0 for command

    CLR P2.1 ; R/W=0 for write

    SETB P2.2 ; E=1 for high pulse

    ACALL DELAY ; give LCD some time

    CLR P2.2 ; E=0 for H-to-L pulse

    RET

    DATAWRT: ; write data to LCD

    MOV P1, A ; copy reg A to port 1

    SETB P2.0 ; RS=1 for data

    CLR P2.1 ; R/W=0 for write

    SETB P2.2 ; E=1 for high pulse

    ACALL DELAY ; give LCD some time

    CLR P2.2 ; E=0 for H-to-L pulse

    RET

    DELAY: MOV R3, #50 ; 50 or higher for fast CPUs


    HERE2: MOV R4, #255 ; R4 = 255

    HERE: DJNZ R4, HERE ; stay until R4 becomes 0

    DJNZ R3, HERE2 ; stay until R3 becomes 0

    RET

    END

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