Paper - 1

Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Arithmetic

Mass of one atom of the element
IMPORTANT POINTS
Mass of 1 / 12 th part of C  12 atom
1. Laws of chemical combination:
i) Law of conservation of mass proposed mass of an atom of C  12
by Lavoisier (1744). 1 amu =
12
In every chemical reaction, the total It can be found that
mass of the reactants is equal to the
total mass of the products 1 amu = 1.66  10–24 g.= 1.66  10–27 kg
ii) Law of constant proportion proposed by 4. Gram atomic mass or gram atom of the
Proust (1799) element is the atomic mass of an
element expressed in gram.
The same compound always contains the
same elements combined in the same 5. The molecular mass of a substance is a
fixed proportion , by mass. number which expresses how many times a
molecule of that substance is heavier than
iii) Law of multiple proportions proposed 1/12th part of a carbon – 12 atom.
by John Dalton (1804).
The term molecular mass refers to the
When two elements combine to form mass of a molecule .
more than one compound, the different
masses of one of the elements which Molecular mass expressed in gram is
combine with a fixed mass of the other called gram molecular mass or molar mass
element bear a simple ratio. or gram molecule or gram mole
iv) Law of reciprocal proportions proposed 6. Avogadro number or Avogadro constant
by Richter (1792) NA is the number of carbon atoms in
0.012 kg of carbon – 12 . It has the value
If an element A combines with an
(nearly) equal to 6.02  1023 .
element B in the mass ratio x:y and also
with another element C in the mass 7. A mole is defined as the amount of a
ratio x : z , then if B and C combine substance that contains as many particles
together, they will do so in the ratio y:z as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of 12C
or a simple multiple of this ratio. isotope. The particles may be atoms,
molecules, ions, electrons etc.
v) Law of gaseous volumes proposed by
Gay Lussac (1808). 8. Gram molecular volume (or molar volume)
is the volume occupied by 1 mole of a
When gases react to form gaseous
substance in the gaseous state , at a given
products , they do so in a simple
temperature and pressure
ratio by volume provided all gases
are at the same temperature and It can be shown that the gram molecular
pressure. volume of all gases at STP is 22.4 litres.
2. Avogadro’s hypothesis (or Avogadro’s 9. Vapour density of a substance is defined as
law) the ratio of the mass of a certain volume of
the gas (or vapour) to the mass of an
Equal volumes of all gases under the same
equal volume of hydrogen, both volumes
conditions of temperature and pressure
being measured at the same temperature
contain equal number of molecules:
and pressure.
3. The modern atomic mass scale (adopted in
10. The important expressions for calculating
1961) has taken carbon –12 isotope as the
the vapour density are :
standard
Atomic mass unit (a.m.u.) is defined as mass of 1L of gas
exactly 1/12th of the mass of a carbon – 12 a) VD 
atom. mass of 1L of hydrogen
Relative atomic mass =
density of the gas
b) VD 
density of hydrogen

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 c) VD = mass of 11.2 L of the gas at STP Formality =
mol. wt
d) VD  Mass per litre of solution
2
Formula mass
11. Molecular formula(MF) represents the
actual number of atoms of each element in = No. of moles of solute
a molecule of the substance Volume of solution in litre
But empirical formula (EF)of a compound 19. Mass percent is calculated by the relation
is the simplest formula which indicates the
relative number of atoms of each element
Mass of solute
present in one molecule of the compound. Mass percent =  100
12. A chemical equation is a symbolic Mass of solution
representation of a chemical reaction. 20. No. of moles
13. A limiting reagent is the reagent which is
T otalmass
completely consumed in the reaction. It n = (If particles are atoms eg
decides the extent of reaction GAM

14. The various methods of expressing the Na, He, Li etc)

concentration of solutions are:
T otalmass
Molarity, molality, mole fraction, = (If particles are molecules
GMM
formality and percentage .
eg. He, N2, CH4, H2O etc )
15. Molarity is the number of moles of solute
present in 1 litre of a solution. V0
No. of moles of solute
= (where V0 is the volume of gas in L
Molarity, M = = 22.4
volume of solution in litres
at STP)
mass of solute
Mol. wt. of solute  volume of solution in litre N
= (where N is the total no. of particles)
NA
The unit of molarity is mol per litre
VM
16. Molality is the number of moles of solute = (for solution where V is the volume
1000
dissolved in 1000 g( ie;1kg ) of solvent.
in mL and M is the molarity)
No. of moles of solute
Molality, m = 21. No. of atoms in X amu,
mass of solvent in kg
X
N= ( where A is the atomic mass)
Unit of molality is mol per kg. A
17. Mole fraction is the ratio of the number of 22. No. of molecules is X amu,
moles of one component in a solution to the X
total number of moles in the solution. N= ( where I is the molecular mass)
I
Let a solution contain n1 moles of solvent
and n2 moles of solute. VEN VIM W Im
23. w = ,w= w=
1000 1000 1000
Then total moles = n1 + n2
Where ‘w’ mass of solute in ‘g’
n1
Mole fraction of solvent, x1 = , V - Volume of solution in mL
n1  n2
E - Equivalent mass of solute
n2
Mole fraction of solute, x2 = N - Normality of solution
n1  n2
I - Molar mass of solute
x1 + x2 = 1
M – Molarity of solution
18. Formality of a solution is defined as the
m – Molality of solution and
number of formula mass of the solute
present in one litre of the solution. W – Mass of solvent in ‘g’

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 LEVEL - 1 c) constant proportion
1. Match the following d) conservation of mass
Column I Column II e) reciprocal proportion
7. One part of an element A combines with
p Lavoisier e Law of
two parts of another element B. Six parts
conservation of
of the element C combine with four parts
mass
of the element B. According to the Law of
q Proust f Law of definite reciprocal proportions, if A and C combine
proportion together , the ratio of their weights will be
r Dalton g Law of multiple a simple multiple of
proportion a) 1:3 b) 1: 6 c) 3:1
s Ritchter h Law of d) 1: 2 e) 2:1
reciprocal
8. An element X exists in nature with isotopic
proportion
abundances as X20 : 20%, X22 : 16% and
a) p – e, q – f, r – g, s – h the remaining is X24. The atomic mass of
b) p – f, q – e, r – g, s – h the element is
c) p – g, q – f, r – e, s – h a) 22.88 b) 21.4
d) p – e, q – f, r – h, s – g c) 22 d) 23.8
e) p – g, q – e, r – f, s – h 9. If M is the gram molecular mass of a
2. Chemical equation is balanced according to substance and NA is Avogadro number,
the law of then mass of one molecule (in g ) is;
a) multiple proportion M NA
a) b) c) M.NA
b) reciprocal proportion NA M
c) conservation of mass 1
d) definite proportion d) MNA e)
NA
e) law of equivalents
10. If M is the molar mass of a substance
3. The law which states that a chemical and NA is Avogadro number, then the
compound always contains the same number of molecules present in 1g
elements combined in a fixed ratio by mass
is known as M NA
a) b) c) M .NA
a) law of definite proportion NA M
b) law of multiple proportion 1
d) MNA e)
c) law of reciprocal proportion NA
d) law of conservation of mass 11. The number of atoms in 200 amu
e) law of gaseous volumes Ca(Ca=40) is
4. The percentage of copper and oxygen in a) NA b) 5NA c) 5
samples of CuO obtained by different NA
methods were found to be the same. This d) 200 e)
illustrates the law of 5
a) constant proportion 12. 1g atom of aluminium corresponds to
b) conservation of mass a) one mole of atoms
c) multiple proportion b) NA atoms c) NA/27 atoms
d) reciprocal proportion d) 27 atoms e) both a) and b)
e) law of gaseous volumes 13. How many moles of H2O are present in
18 g of water ?
5. Which one of the following pairs of
compounds illustrates the law of multiple a) 6.02 × 1023 b) 18 c) 1
proportions? d) 0.1 e) 1/18
a) H2O, Na2O b) MgO, Na2O 14. The number of water molecules in 1 litre of
c) Na2O, BaO d) SnCl2, SnCl4 water vapour at 00C and 1atm is
e) H2O,H2S NA
a) 18 b) 18 × 1000 c)
6. Different proportions of oxygen in the 24.6
various oxides of nitrogen prove the law of NA NA
a) equivalent proportion d) e) .
22.4 30.4
b) multiple proportion
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15. The total number of electrons present in d) 2 g of H2 and 2 g of D2
1mol of water is e) 12 g of C and 7 g of N2
a) 6.02 × 1023 b) 6.02 × 1022 24. How many atoms are present in a mole of
c) 6.02 × 1024 d) 6.02 × 1025 H2SO4?
e) 6.02 × 1026 a) 3 × 6.02 × 1023 b) 5 × 6.02 × 1023
16. One mole of CO2 contains c) 6 × 6.02 × 1023 d) 7 × 6.02 × 1023
a) 1 atom of C b) 2 g of oxygen e) 2 × 6.02 × 1023 .
c) 3 gram atoms 25. The number of atoms of copper present in
d) 1 mole of oxygen atoms 19.7 g of 22 ct gold is (Cu = 63.5).
e) all the above a) 7.55×1022 b)1.55×1022
17. How many H2 molecules constitute one c) 1.55×1023 d)3.55×1024
mole of hydrogen atoms ? 26 The ratio of gram atoms of Au and Cu
a) 6.023 × 1023 b) 6.023 × 1022 in 22 ct gold is
c) 3.0125 × 1023 d) 3.0125 × 1012 a) 1:11 b) 7:2
e) 2 × 6.02 × 1023 c) 2:7 d) 11:1
18. 1 mole of H2SO4 contains 27. 0.2 g atom of some elements are given.
Which will weigh the least?
a) 1 mole of H2 b)4 moles of O atoms
a) Nitrogen b) Carbon
c) 2 moles of H2 molecules
c) Sulphur d)silver e)hydrogen
d) all the above e) only a) and b)
28. The number of moles of BaCO3 which
19. Four one litre flasks are separately filled
contains 3 moles of oxygen atoms is
with the gases H2, He, O2 and O3 , at same
temperature and pressure. The amount of a) 0.5 b) 1 c) 3
23
gases expressed in terms of the number of d) 6.02 × 10 e) 3 × 6.02 × 1023
atoms , in the different flasks would be in 29. An organic compound has an empirical
the ratio formula CH2O, its vapour density is 45.
a) 1:1:1:1 b) 1:2:2:3 c) 2:1:2:3 The molecular formula of the compound is
d) 3:2:2:1 e) 1:2:3:2 a) CH2O b) C2H5O c) C2H2O
20. Consider four vessels A,B,C,D d) C3H6O3 e) CHO
containing 2 g each of O2, H2 , F2 and 30. A compound contains 69.5% oxygen and
N2 respectively, at same temperature and 30.5% nitrogen and its molecular weight is
pressure. The number of atoms is the 92. The compound will be
largest in the vessel
a) N2O b) NO2 c) N2O4
a) A b) B c) C
d) N2O5 e) N2O3
d) D
31. A hydrocarbon contains 86% carbon. The
e) All vessels contain the same number hydrocarbon may be
of molecules.
a) alkane b) arene c) alkene
21. Number of molecules in 100 mL of each of
d) cycloalkane e) (c) or (d)
O2, NH3 and CO2 at STP will be
32. 3 g of carbon is completely burnt in large
a) in the order CO2 < O2 < NH3
excess of oxygen. The weight of CO2
b) in the order NH3 < O2 < CO2 formed is
c) the same a) 32 g b) 11g c) 22g
d) in the order NH3 = CO2 < O2 d) 44 g e) 1.1 g
e) NH3 < CO2 < O2 33. 3 g of carbon is completely burnt in large
22. Which of the following contains maximum excess of oxygen. The volume in litres of
number of molecules? (all at STP) carbon dioxide formed at STP is
a) 100 cc of CO2 b)200 cc of NH3 a) 5.6 b) 8.0 c) 11.2
c) 50 cc of SO2 d)150 cc of O2 d) 16.0 e) 22.4
e) 100 cc of (liquid)water 34. How many moles of KI are required to
23. The pair of gases having the same volume produce 0.4 mole of K2HgI4 from HgCl2?
at STP is a) 0.4 b) 0.8 c) 3.2
a) 44 g of CO2 and 28 g of N2 d) 1.6 e) 0.16
b) 32 g of O2 and 8 g of N2
c) 4 g of He and 2.8 g of N2

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35. If 0.5 mole of BaCl2 is mixed with 0.2 mole d) all the ammonia will be consumed
of Na3PO4 in aqueous solution to e) both (a) and (b)
precipitate barium phosphate, which one is
45. Mass of Ag displaced by 0.2 g of Mg, when
the limiting reagent ?
treated with excess of AgNO3 (Ag = 108,
a) BaCl2 b) Na3PO4 c) Ba3(PO4)2 Mg = 24) is
d) NaCl e) both a) and c) a) 0.2 g b) 1.08 g c) 1.8 g
36. If 0.5 mole of BaCl2 is mixed with 0.2 mole d) 2.2 g e) 10.8 g
of Na3PO4 in aqueous solution, the
46. 3 litres of a mixture of propane and butane
maximum number of moles of Ba3(PO4)2
on complete combustion at 250C produced
that can be formed is
10 litres of CO2. The volume of butane in
a) 0.7 b) 0.5 c) 0.30 the mixture is
d) 0.10 e) 0.2 a) 3L b) 1 L c) 4 L
37. If 3 moles of oxygen atoms combines with d) 1.5 L e) 2 L
Al to form Al2O3, the weight of Al used in
Assertion – Reason Type Questions
the reaction is (Al = 27)
a) 27 g b) 54 g c) 40.5 g The following questions consist of 2 parts –
d) 81 g e) 5.4 g A: statement called ‘assertion’ and another
statement called ‘reason’ R. You are
38. The volume of oxygen at STP liberated by required to choose one of the five
the thermal decomposition of 1 mole of responses given, choose
KClO3 is
a) 1.5 L b) 2 L c) 3 L [A] if both assertion and reason are true,
and reason is the true explanation of
d) 3.36 L e) 33.6 L assertion.
39. Mass of NaOH are required to make
500 mL solution of decimolar strength [B] if both assertion and reason are true,
but reason is not the correct explanation
a) 4g b) 2g c) 8g of the assertion.
d) 0.4g
[C] if assertion is true, but reason is false.
40. 40 g NaOH is present in 100 ml of a
solution. Its molarity is [D] if assertion is false but reason is true.
a) 10 M b) 0.1 M c) 1 M [E] if both assertion and reason are false.
d) 0.01 M e) 2M 47. A: Limestone (CaCO3) is a chemical
41. The molarity of NaCl in a mixture compound but bronze is a mixture.
prepared by mixing 100 mL of 2 M
R: Limestone (CaCO3) always contains
NaCl and 200 mL of 1 M NaCl is
40% Ca, 12% C and 48% oxygen. But
a) 1.33 b) 1.5 bronze can be made with widely differing
c) 1.66 d) 3 ratios of copper and tin.
42. How many mL of 0.4 M HCl is required to 48. A: Pure water, irrespective of the source
react completely with 1g of CaCO3? from which it is collected, always contains
a) 100 mL b) 40mL hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:8 by
c) 50 mL d) 1 L mass.
43. The mass of one atom of He is R: In a chemical reaction, the total mass of
approximately 4 times the mass of reactants is always equal to the total mass
a) 1H atom of products formed.
b) 1/12th of an oxygen atom 49 A: 1 mole of any substance contains
c) 1/12th of a C atom Avogadro number of atoms
d) both a) and c) R: Avogadro number is defined in this
e) none of these way .
44. In the reaction 50. A: In a gaseous reaction, the ratio of
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4 NO(g) + 6 H2O (l), volumes of reactants and products will be
the same as their molar ratio or molecular
when 1 mole of ammonia and 1 mole of O2
ratio
are made to react to completion then
a) 3 mole of H2O is produced R: At a given temperature, the volume of a
given mass of gas is directly proportional
b) 1.5 mole of NO will be produced
to its pressure.
c) all the oxygen will be consumed

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 LEVEL - 2 61. A steel factory produces iron from
haematite (Fe2O3). If the efficiency of the
51. In 0.1 mole of sodium carbonate process is only 70%, how much iron could
decahydrate, the number of gram atoms of be obtained per kilogram of haematite?
oxygen present is
a) 0.47 kg b) 0.7 kg c) 0.49 kg
a) 3 b) 1.5 c) 0.3 d) 0.6 kg e) 0.3kg
d) 1.3 e) 2 62. A and B are two identical vessels. A
52. A compound contains 50%of A and 50% contains 15 g ethane at 1 atm and 298 K.
of B( by mass). If atomic mass of B is The vessel B contains 75 g of a gas X at
twice that of A, the molecular formula of the same temperature and pressure. The
the compound is an integral multiple of vapour density of X is
a) 75 b) 150 c) 37.5
a) A2B3 b) A2B c) AB2
d) 45 e) 90
d) AB e) AB3
63. 2 g H2 and 32 g O2 are present in 2L vessel.
53. A compound of elements A and B Mole fraction of H2 is
contains 60% by mass of A. Its formula a) 1/2 b) 1/3 c) 1/4
is A2B. The ratio of atomic masses of A
d) 1/10 e) 1/6
and B is
64. The amount of SO42- ions in 1 dm3 of
a) 3:2 b) 2:1 c) 2:3
1M H2SO4 solution will be (assume 100%
d) 3:4 e) 4:3 ionization of H2SO4)
54. Two oxides of a metal M contains 50% and a) 1 mole b) 96 mole
40% of the metal respectively . The
c) 0.1 mole d) 5 mole
formula of the first oxide is MO, then the
formula of the second oxide is e) 2 mole.
a) M2O b) M2O3 c) MO2 65. The number of oxalic acid molecules in
100mL of 0.2M oxalic acid is:
d) M2O5 e) M2O4
55. What mass of KNO3 (KNO3 =101) is to a) 1.2  1023 b) 1.2  1020
be heated to produce 32 g of oxygen c) 1.8  1022 d) 1.2  1022 e) 1.6  1022
a) 202g b)101g c)50.5g 66. 0.2 mol of H2S and 1.12L of SO2 at STP
d) 151.5 e) 60 g react to form x mol of sulphur. The value
56. The number of moles of HCl present in of x is:
100 mL of 0.5 molar HCl solution is a) 2.5 b) 1.25 c) 0.15
a) 0.5 b) 0.1 c) 0.01 d) 0.55 e) 0.4
d) 0.05 e) 0.005 67. A solution containing 10% (w/w) NaOH
57. 5 ml of 14 M NH3 is diluted with water to has a density 1.1g/mL. The volume of this
give 1 M NH3. The final volume is solution containing 2 mol of NaOH is:
a) 70 ml b) 7 ml c) 74 ml a) 505 mL b) 727 mL
d) 0.7 ml e) 100 ml c) 1300 mL d) 956 mL e) 600 mL
58. The molarity of Cl¯ ions in a mixture 68. A sample of KClO3 is 70% pure. The mass
prepared by mixing 100 mL of 2 M KCl of impure KClO3 required to prepare 6.4 g
and 300 mL of 2 M BaCl2 solutions is of oxygen is (KClO3 = 122.5)
a) 3 b) 2 c) 4 a) 36g b) 23.3g
d) 2.5 e) 3.5 c) 14.2 g d) 63.2 g e) 52 g
59. 50 mL of 10 MHCl, 25 mL of 12 M HCl 69. The pair which contains the same number
and 40 mL of 5M HCl were mixed together of atoms is:
and the volume of the mixture was made a) 1 mole of N2O4 and 1mole of H2O2
up to 1000 mL by adding water. The b) 10 millimol of HCl and 5 millimol of
molarity of the resultant solution will be N2O
a) 1M b) 2M c) 3M c) 2.24 L of NO and 2.24L of N2O at STP
d) 4M e) 2.5 M d) 11.2 cc of nitrogen and 0.015 g of nitric
60. How much water should be added to oxide
200 mL of semimolar solution of NaOH to e) All contain the same of atoms
make it exactly decimolar ? 70. The one with maximum mass is
a) 2000 mL b) 400 mL c) 600 mL a) 0.1 g atom of oxygen
d) 800 mL e) 200mL

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 b) 0.1 mol of water this gas is HF, the molecular formula in the
c) 61022 molecules of helium gaseous state is:
d) 1120 cc of SO2 at STP a) HF b) H2F2 c) H3F3
e) 0.1 g mol of CO d) H4F4 e) H5F5
81. Which pairs of species will have equal
volumes at STP?
LEVEL - 3
a) 1 g molecule of SO2 and 4g of He
71. If 20% nitrogen is present in a compound,
its molecular weight may be b) 16g of SO2 and 0.5 mol of N2O
a) 144 b) 28 c) 100 c) 6  1022 molecules of CO2 and0.1mol of
d) 40 e) 14 graphite at 25oC and 1 atm
72. Haemoglobin contains 0.33% of iron by d) 6  1023 molecule of O3 and 35.5g of
weight. The molecular weight of chlorine
haemoglobin is approximately 67200. The e) both (a) and (d)
number of iron atoms present in one 82. The number of moles of Ca3(PO4)2 which
molecule of haemoglobin is contains 0.1 mol of oxygen atoms is:
a) 6 b) 1 c) 4
a) 1.25  101 mol b) 2.55  102 mol
d) 2 e) 3
c) 1.25  102 mol d) 1.6  102 mol
73. An organic compound contains 0.014%
nitrogen. The molecular mass of the e) 1.96  102 mol
compound if its molecule contains two 83. 1g. of pure anhydrous Na2CO3 required
nitrogen atoms is: 50 mL HCl solution for neutralisation. The
a) 200 b) 2000 c) 20000 strength ( ie ; molarity ) of HCl acid is:
d) 200000 e) 15000 a) 0.3773 M b) 0.4664 M c) 0.5885 M
74. 1.6 g sulphur is converted into H2SO4. The d) 0.2662M e) 0.6226 M
mass of Na2SO4 obtained on neutralisation 84. The mass of H2SO4 required to dissolve
of this acid is 0.5g MgCO3 is (Mg=24):
a) 7.1g b) 9.6g c) 5.2 g a) 0.684g b) 2.69g
d) 10.2g e) 6.2 g c) 1.251g d) 0.5833g
75. 10 mL of 0.5M Al(NO3)3 is mixed with e) 1.11 g
3 mL of 4M NaOH. The no.of moles of
85. The mole fraction of solute in one molal
Al(OH)3 obtained is:
aqueous solution is:
a) 3 10-3 b) 410-3 c) 510-3 a) 0.01 768 b) 0.1768 c) 0.02146
d) 710-3 e) 6  10-3 e) 0.2146 e) 0.0464
76. The molality of 3M urea solution of density
1.1 g/mL is
a) 3.26 b) 3 c) 4.6 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
d) 2.6 e) 2.8 86. x L of O2 at STP contains 21022
77. The number of H2SO4 molecules formed molecules. The number of O3 molecules in
from 320 amu SO2 at 750 mm and 30oC is: 0.8L of O3 at STP is
a) 50 b) 80 c) 32 1.6  10 22
a) b) x.6  1022
d) 64 e) 5 x
78. The number of oxygen atoms present in 0.2 0.8
c) 2  1022 d)  1022 e) 2.6  1022
mole of Na2CO3.10H2O is x
a) 13NA b) 1.3NA c) 0.13NA 87. The crystalline salt Na2SO4.xH2O on
d) 0.26NA e) 2.6NA heating loses 56% of its mass. The formula
of the crystalline salt is
79. Which one is 1 g molecule of substance?
a) Na2SO4.6H2O b)Na2SO4.5H2O
a) 4g helium at 25oC
c) Na2SO4.10H2O d)Na2SO4.7H2O
b) 127 g of iodine at room temperature
e) Na2SO4.24H2O
c) 6  1024 molecules of steam
88. The mass of 70% HCl required to
d) 40g of CaO neutralize 2L of 0.1M NaOH is
e) both (a) and (b) a) 20.2 g b) 16.2 g c) 10.1g
80. 0.1 g of hydrofluoric acid gas occupies d) 14.6 g e) 12g
56 mL at STP. If the empirical formula of
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89. One mole of a mixture of CO and CO2  No. of atoms in 200 amu of Ca
required exactly 28g of KOH for complete 200 amu
conversion of CO2 to K2CO3. How much  5
more of KOH would it require for 40 amu
conversion into K2CO3 if CO in the 12. One gram atom of aluminium contains
mixture is also completely oxidized to Avogadro number of Al atoms and it
CO2? weighs 27 g
a) 84 g b) 40 g 13. Number of moles = weight / mol wt.
c) 210g d) 112g e) 56 g Number of moles = 18/18 = 1
90. The with respect to sulphate , of a 14. 1 mole of water vapour occupies 22.4 L
solution which is 0.1M with respect to at 00C and 1 atm pressure . So 1 litre
ZnSO4 and 0.2M with respect to contains 1/22.4 mole.
Al2(SO4)3 is: Number of molecules NA/22.4
a) 1.6M b) 1.2M NA is the Avogadro number
c) 0.8M d) 0.7 M e) 1.8M (1 mole of water vapour occupies 24.6 L
at 300K and 30.4 at 373K )
HINTS 15. 1 mol of water contains 61023 molecules.
But one molecule contains 10 electrons.
LEVEL - 1 Then total number of electrons is 6  1024
1. p – e, q – f, r – g, s – h 16. 1 molecule of CO2 contains 1 atom of
2. Law of conservation of mass carbon and 2 atoms of oxygen ie; , a
total of three atoms, and so 1 mole of
3. Law of definite proportion
CO2 will contain 3 mol of atoms or 3
4. Here the same compound, CuO, obtained gram atoms
from different methods is found to have the
17. 1 mol of H atoms means 0.5 mole of
same percentage composition. This
H2 molecules.. Hence
suggests the law of constant proportion.
5. When two elements combine to form more No. of molecules = 0.5  6  1023
than one compound, there arises the law of 18. I mole of H2SO4 contains 2 g atoms of
multiple proportions. Here Sn and Cl2 hydrogen and 4 g atoms of oxygen . It is
combine to form more than one compound. same as 1 mole of H2 and 2 moles of
6. N2 O NO N2O3 N2O4 N2O5 O2
28 :16 14:16 28:48 28:64 28:80 19. All vessels contain equal number of
molecules. But H2 is diatomic. He is mono
the ratio of the weight of O2 is atomic, oxygen is diatomic, ozone is tri
16 : 32 : 48 : 64 : 80 atomic. So the ratio of number of atoms is
1: 2 : 3 : 4 : 5 2:1:2:3
7. 20. No. of moles = 2/32 O2 , 2/2 H2 , 2/28
C 3:2 N2.
1:3 6:4 All are diatomic. Therefore the ratio of
number of atoms is the same as above
A B
Largest number is that of H2
1:2
8. If different isotopes are together present in 21. Equal volumes contain equal number of
an element, the experimentally determined molecules.
atomic weight will be a properly weighted 22. Number of molecules in 22.4L at STP = NA
average of the different isotopes. This will for gases; but water, being a liquid, will not
be a fraction. obey this relation. The number of moles in
At. wt = 200.2+220.16+240.64 = 22.88 100 cc water = 100 g water= 100/18 moles
= (100/18) NA = 5.55 NA
9. Mass of Avogadro number (NA) of
molecules = M, the molecular mass molecules and this is the largest number.
Mass of one molecule = M/NA 23. Express all amount in terms of number of
moles by dividing the mass by the
10. M gram contains Avogadro number of
respective molecular mass. Then 44 g of
molecules.
CO2
1 g contains NA/M molecules.
mass = 44/44= 1 mole
11. Atomic mass of Ca = 40
28 g of N2 = 28/28= 1 mole
Mass of 1 Ca atom = 40 amu
These contain equal number of molecules.

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 24. One molecule of H2SO4 contains 7 atoms. So 12 g C can give 22.4 litres CO2.
So 1 mole i.e. 6  1023 molecules contain  3g gives 5.6 L
7  6  1023 atoms. 34. In this case K2HgI4 is formed by the
25. 22 ct gold means 22 g of pure gold reaction.
and 2 g of copper for every 24 g of 4KI + HgCl2  K2HgI4.+2 KCl
gold sample. So the actual weight of
copper = 19.7 x 2/24 g only = 1.64 g. The This shows one mole of K2HgI4 is formed
number of moles of copper = 1.64/63.5 = from 4 moles of KI. So 0.4 mole of K2HgI4
0.0258. Hence the answer is 0.0258× 6 × is formed from 1.6 mole of KI.
1023 atoms=1.55× 1022 35. 2Na3PO4+3BaCl2 Ba3(PO4)2 + 6 NaCl
26. 22ct gold contains 22 g Au and 2 g Cu . 2 moles of Na3PO4 require 3 moles of
So ratio of moles Au: Cu BaCl2.So 0.2 mole of Na3PO4 require 0.3
mole of BaCl2. But we have taken 0.5
= 22 : 2 =3.54:1=7:2 mole of barium chloride . Hence all the
197 63.5
sodium phosphate will be consumed .
27. Actual wt = No: of moles × At. Wt. Thus sodium phosphate is the limiting
Since number of moles is the same in all reagent.
cases, least weight is for that element 36. 3BaCl2 + 2Na3PO4  Ba3(PO4)2 + 6 NaCl
which has least atomic mass .. Here
hydrogen has the least atomic mass. 2 moles of Na3PO4 require 3 moles of
BaCl2. 0.2 mole of Na3PO4 requires 0.3
28. 1 mole of BaCO3 contains 3 mole of mole of BaCl2 and in the reaction 0.1 mole
oxygen atoms. barium phosphate is formed. (Here the
29. Mol. Wt = 2 × V.D = 2 × 45 = 90. limiting reagent is sodium phosphate.)
Empirical formula wt = 30. 37. 3 atoms of oxygen are present in one
M .Wt molecule of Al2O3. So 3 gram atoms are
Ratio of = 90/30 = 3 present in 1 mole of alumina. This
E.F .Wt
requires 2 moles of Al atoms , which is
So mol. formula is 3 times E.F. 2 × 27 g = 54 g of Al.
30. Follow the procedure for getting empirical 38. 2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2
formula from percentage composition.
2 mole 3 × 22.4 litre=67.2 L
69.5
Oxygen = 4.3;  1 mole 33.6 litre
16 39. 1000 mL of 0.1M solution of NaOH
30.5 contains 40  0.1 = 4g of NaOH
Nitrogen = 2.18;
14  500 mL contains 2g
4.3 VIM 1000  w
The whole number ratio= :1= 2:1. 40. w  Molarity = where,
2.18 1000 VI
Empirical formula is NO2 w = weight of solute in gram ,
Empirical formula wt is 14+32 =46. V= volume of solution in mL,
M .Wt
n= = 92/46 = 2
E.F .Wt W= 40 g, I = 40, V = 100 mL
E.F. wt. = 46
So molecular formula is 2 times empirical 1000 w 1000  40
formula ; i.e. N2O4  Molarity =  =10 M
VI 100  40
31. C = 86/12 = 7.1 H = 14/1 = 14
41. Here we can use the formula
C : H = 1:2;
Empirical formula = (CH2) V1 M 1  V2 M 2  ........
Final molarity =
Molecular formula Cn H2n V1  V2  .....
Hence alkene or cycloalkane = 100  2  200  1 = 1.33
32. C + O2  CO2 100  200
12 44
12 g carbon forms 44 g CO2. 42. CaCO3 + 2HCl  CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
So 3 g of carbon forms 11 g CO2. 100g 2 mol
33. C + O2  CO2 100g CaCO3  2 mole of HCl
12g 22.4 litres 1 g of CaCO3  0.02 mol HCl

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 VM Hence 4a=3b or a/b= 3/4
No. of mol =
1000 54. Oxide 1 Oxide II
V  0.4 M:O = 50:50 M:O = 40:60
0.02 =
1000 = 1:1 =2:3
1000 0.02 (wt. ratio is given above)
V=  50mL
0.4 Formula of 1st oxide MO & its weight ratio
43. 1/12th part of C-12 =1 amu  1 H atom ; is 1:1; weight ratio in the second oxide is
but 1 He atom  4 amu 2:3 and so formula should be M2O3
44. 4 NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g) + 6H2O(l) 55 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2
4 moles of ammonia requires 5 moles of 2 mol 32g
O2 Amount of KNO3 required
1 mole of ammonia requires 1.25 moles of = 2 ×101 g = 202 g
O2 number of moles
i.e. O2 is the limiting reagent. 56 Molarity =
Volume in litres
Hence, all the oxygen will be consumed.
So number of moles = molarity  volume
45. Mg + 2AgNO3  Mg(NO3)2 + 2Ag 100
= 0.5× = 0.05
24g 2 × 108 g 1000
2  108 57. When a solution is diluted, M1V1 = M2V2
Wt of Ag from 0.2g Mg = × 0.2 5  14 = 1  V2  V2 = 70 mL
24
58 The molarity of Cl¯ ion in 2 M KCl is 2
= 1.8 g
and that in 2 M BaCl2 is 4. Now apply
46. C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O the formula
C4H10 + 6 ½ O2  4CO2 + 5H2O Final molarity of Cl ions
Propane = xL; Butane = (3 – x) L V1 M 1  V2 M 2  ........
=
1 L C3H8 gives 3L of CO2 and 1 L C4H10 V1  V2  .....
gives 4 L of CO2
100 2  300 4
CO2 produced = 3x + 4 (3 – x) = 10 = = 3.5M
400
 x = 2  butane =1 L 59 The molarity after mixing followed by
47 [A] Both Assertion and Reason are true and dilution is given by M
reason is the correct explanation of the
V1 M 1  V2 M 2  .....
assertion. = =
48. [B] Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Final Volume
reason is not the correct explanation of the 50  10  25  12  40  5
= 1M
assertion. 1000
49. Both A and R are wrong 60 In dilution use the formula
50 Assertion is true but reason is false V1M1 = V2M2
(Before) (After)
LEVEL - 2 2000.5 = V2  0.1
51. 1 mole of Na2CO3 . 10 H2O contains 13 g V2 = 1000 mL
atom of oxygen. So excess water to be added
0.1 mole contains 1.3 g atom of oxygen. = 1000 – 200= 800 mL
52. A and B are present in 50:50 ratio by mass 61. Fe2O3 (molar mass 160 g mol-1) contains 2g
and atomic mass of B is twice that of A atoms of Fe (112 g). If efficiency of the
Let x be the atomic weight of A, then the process is 70%, 1kg of Fe2O3 will give
atomic weight of B is 2x. The ratio of no.of 112  70
atoms of A and B is = 0.49 kg of iron
160  100
50/x : 50/2x = 1: 1/2 = 2 :1 Hence the
62. Under identical conditions of temperature
empirical formula should be A2B
and pressure, equal volumes of all gases
Molecular formula is an integral multiple will contain equal number of molecules
of empirical formula. (and so equal no. of moles). Thus, number
53. Let At mass of A be a and that of B be
b .The formula is A2B. Then the ratio of
masses is 2a: b = 60:40 ( given)= 3: 2
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 of moles of C2H6 = number of moles of X, 5 millimol N2O  5  3 millimol atoms =
15 75 15 millimol atoms
i.e. =
M .Wt of C 2 H 6 M .Wt of X c) 2.24L of NO  0.1 mol NO  0.2 mol
atoms
2.24L of N2O  0.1 mol N2O  0.3 mol
i.e. 15 /30 = 75/X . atoms
Evaluate mol.wt. , X and then vapour
density. . d) 11.2cc N2  11.2  5  10  4 mol
22400
n of H 2 3
63 Mole fraction of H2 = N 2  110 mol atoms
n total
0.015
nH2 = 2/2 = 1. nO2 = 32/32 = 1 0.015g NO   5  104 mol
30
70. a) 0.1  16 = 1.6g
64. 1000 mL 1 M H2SO4 contains
2- b) 0.1  18 = 1.8g
NA SO4 ions.
65 No. of molecules in VmL of M molar c) 6  1022 molecules  0.1 mol of He = 0.4g
VM d) 1120 cc SO2 
solution   NA 1120
1000  0.05mol SO 2  3.2g SO 2
22400
 No. of molecules in 100mL of 0.2M
100  0.2
oxalic acid   6  10 23
1000 LEVEL - 3
71. 20g nitrogen is present in 100g of
 1.2  10 22
compound.
66. 2H 2S  SO 2  3S  2H 2 O
14g nitrogen is present in (100  14)/20 =
No. of moles of H2S = 0.2 mol 70g of compound.
So number of moles of SO2 , Now, one molecule of the compound
theoretically required is 0.2/2 = 0.1 mole should contain at least one atom of
No. of moles of SO2 actually used nitrogen. So mol. wt should be at least 70
1.12 or an integral multiple of 70.
  0.05mol Hence SO2 is the 72. Fe present in 67200 amu =
22.4
limiting reagent . 67200  0.33
= 222 amu.
No.of moles of S from SO2 = 3 ×0.05 = 0.15 100
mol . Number of Fe atoms = 222/ 56=4
67. 10g NaOH is present in 100g solution. 73. 0.014g nitrogen is present in 100g organic
2 mol NaOH  80g NaOH compound.
 Mass of solution containing 80g NaOH  Molecular mass of organic
100  80 100  28
  800g compound   200000
10 0.014
Density of solution = 1.1 g/mL 74. S  Na 2SO 4
 Volume of NaOH solution 32  142
800 1.6  ?
=  727mL
1.1 142  1.6
Mass of Na2SO4 obtained   7.1g
68. 2 KClO 3  2KCl  3O 2 32
2122.5 332 75. AlNO3 3  3NaOH  AlOH3  3NaNO3
Mass of pure KClO3 required to prepare 1— 3 – 1
2  122.5  6.4
6.4g of O2   16.33g 5— 12 – 4
3  32
No. of m mol = v  M
 Mass of 70% KClO3 required to get
From the data it is clear that NaOH is the
100  16.33
16.33g pure KClO3   23.3g limiting reactant. From 12m mol NaOH the
70 amount of Al(OH)3 obtained = 4m mol = 4 
69. a) 1mol N2O4  6NA atoms 10-3mol.
1mol H2O2  4NA atoms 76. m 
1000M
b) 10 millimol HCl  20 millimol atoms 1000d  MM 2

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 1000  3 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
  3.26
1000  1.1  3  60 86. xL of O2 at STP  2  1022 molecules
77. 320 amu SO2  5 molecules of SO2  5 2  10 22
molecules of H2SO4  1L of O2  molecules
x
78. No. of oxygen atoms in 1 mole of
Hence no. of O3 molecules is 0.8L at STP
Na2CO3 10H2O = 13 NA
 No. of oxygen atoms in 0.2 mole of the 2  10 22  0.8 1.6  10 22
 
salt = 13 NA × 0.2 = 2.6NA x x
79. 1g molecule = 4g of He
80. Molecular mass  Mass of 22400 mL at STP 87. Mass of water associated with 44g
0.1  22400 anhydrous salt = 56 g.
  40
56 Molecular mass of Na2SO4 = 142
Empirical formula mass = 1 + 19 = 20  Mass of water associated with 142g of
56  142
n= Mol. mass

40
2 anhydrous salt   180g
Emp. formula mass 20 44
 M.F  EFn  HF2  H 2 F2 Number of moles of water associated with 1
180
81.A mole of anhydrous salt   10
18
82. 1 mol Ca3(PO4)2 – 8 mol oxygen atoms?
88. Moles of NaOH = 2  0.1 = 0.2 mol
–0.1 mol oxygen atoms
NaOH + HCl  NaCl + H2O
1  0.1 0.1
Ans:-   1.25  10 2 mol Amount of HCl required to neutralize 0.2
8 8 mol of NaOH  0.2mol HCl
83. Na 2 CO 3  2HCl  2NaCl  CO 2  H 2 O
 0.2  36.5  7.1g
The ratio of No. of moles of Na2CO3
and HCl. = 1:2  70% HCl required  100  7.1  10.1g
70
No. of moles of Na2CO3 ( Mol mass =
89. 2KOH  CO 2  K 2 CO 3  H 2 O
106)
1 No. of moles of KOH = 28  0.5 So
= ….…(1) 56
106 number of moles of CO2 = 0.5/2 = 0.25
2 Hence the number of moles of CO in
 No. of moles of HCl = =
106 the mixture = 1-0.25 = 0.75. If this is
50  M also oxidised to CO2 , it would give
V  Molarity = . 0.75 mol of CO2 , and this will require
1000 0. 75  2 = 1.5 mol of KOH
So Molarity = Mass of KOH = 1.5  56= 84g
1000  2
 = 0.3773 90. No of moles of SO 24  0.1 per L
50  106
( from ZnSO4 )
84. MgCO3  H 2SO 4  MgSO 4  H 2 O  CO 2
No of moles of SO 24  0.2  3  0.6 per
84 – 98
L ( from Al2 (SO4)3
0.5 – ?
 Total No. of moles of sulphate per L
Mass of H2SO4 required to dissolve 0.5g = 0.7
MgCO3
ie., overall molarity of sulphate = 0.7 M
98  0.5
  0.5833g
84
85. Mole fraction  Mole of solute
Totalno. of molesin solution
1
  0.01768
1000
1
18


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