INTERNET OF THINGS

UNIT I: Introduction & Concepts

Introduction to Internet of Things, Physical Design of IOT, Logical Design of IOT, IOT Enabling Technologies, IOT Levels.

UNIT II: Domain Specific IOTs

Home Automation, Cities, Environment, Energy, Retail, Logistics, Agriculture, Industry, Health & Life Style.

UNIT III: M2M & System Management with NETCONF-YANG

M2M, Difference between IOT and M2M, SDN and NFV for IOT, Software defined Networking, Network Function Virtualization, Need

for IOT Systems Management, Simple Network Management Protocol, Limitations of SNMP, Network Operator Requirements,

NETCONF, YANG, IOT Systems management with NETCONF-YANG.

UNIT IV: Developing Internet of Things & Logical Design using Python

Introduction, IOT Design Methodology, Installing Python, Python Data Types & Data Structures, Control Flow, Functions, Modules,

Packages, File Handling, Date/ Time Operations, Classes, Python Packages.

UNIT V: IOT Physical Devices & Endpoints

What is an IOT Device, Exemplary Device, Board, Linux on Raspberry Pi, Interfaces, and Programming& IOT Devices.
 SYSTEM ON CHIP ARCHITECTURE

UNIT I: Introduction to the System Approach

System Architecture, Components of the system, Hardware & Software, Processor Architectures, Memory and Addressing. System level

interconnection, An approach for SOC Design, System Architecture and Complexity.

UNIT II: Processors

Introduction, Processor Selection for SOC, Basic concepts in Processor Architecture, Basic concepts in Processor Micro Architecture, Basic

elements in Instruction handling. Buffers: minimizing Pipeline Delays, Branches, More Robust Processors, Vector Processors and Vector

Instructions extensions, VLIW Processors, Superscalar Processors.

UNIT III: Memory Design for SOC

Overview of SOC external memory, Internal Memory, Size, Scratchpads and Cache memory, Cache Organization, Cache data, Write

Policies, Strategies for line replacement at miss time, Types of Cache, Split – I, and D – Caches, Multilevel Caches, Virtual to real

translation, SOC Memory System, Models of Simple Processor – memory interaction.

UNIT IV: Interconnect Customization and Configuration

Inter Connect Architectures, Bus: Basic Architectures, SOC Standard Buses, Analytic Bus Models, Using the Bus model, Effects of Bus

transactions and contention time. SOC Customization: An overview, Customizing Instruction Processor, Reconfiguration Technologies,

Mapping design onto Reconfigurable devices, Instance- Specific design, Customizable Soft Processor, Reconfiguration - overhead analysis

and trade-off analysis on reconfigurable Parallelism.

UNIT V: Application Studies/ Case Studies

SOC Design approach, AES algorithms, Design and evaluation, Image compression – JPEG compression.
 EMBEDDED NETWORKING

UNIT I: Embedded Communication Protocols

Embedded Networking: Introduction – Serial/Parallel Communication – Serial communication protocols – RS232 standard – RS485 –

Synchronous Serial Protocols – Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) – Inter Integrated Circuits (I2C) – PC Parallel port programming – ISA/PCI

Bus protocols – Firewire.

UNIT II: USB and CAN Bus

USB bus – Introduction – Speed Identification on the bus – USB States – USB bus communication: Packets – Data flow types – Enumeration

– Descriptors – PIC 18 Microcontroller USB Interface – C Programs – CAN Bus – Introduction v Frames – Bit stuffing – Types of errors –

Nominal Bit Timing – PIC microcontroller CAN Interface – A simple application with CAN.

UNIT III: Ethernet Basics

Elements of a network – Inside Ethernet – Building a Network: Hardware options – Cables, Connections and network speed – Design

choices: Selecting components – Ethernet Controllers – Using the internet in local and internet communications – Inside the Internet

protocol.

UNIT IV: Embedded Ethernet

Exchanging messages using UDP and TCP – Serving web pages with Dynamic Data – Serving web pages that respond to user Input –

Email for Embedded Systems – Using FTP – Keeping Devices and Network secure.

UNIT V: Wireless Embedded Networking

Wireless sensor networks – Introduction – Applications – Network Topology – Localization – Time Synchronization – Energy efficient

MAC protocols – SMAC – Energy efficient and robust routing – Data Centric routing.
 ARM BASED EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

UNIT I: ARM Embedded Systems

An Embedded System-Definition, Embedded System Design and Development, Life Cycle, Embedded system Architecture, Embedded

Systems classification, The RISC Design Philosophy, The ARM Design Philosophy, Embedded System Hardware, Embedded System

Software, ARM processor Families, Core extensions, Architecture Revisions.

UNIT II: ARM Programming Model-I

Instruction Set: Data Processing Instructions, Branch, Load, Store Instructions, PSR Instructions, Conditional Instructions.

UNIT III: ARM Programming Model-II

Thumb Instruction Set: Register Usage, Other Branch Instructions, Data Processing Instructions, Single-Register and Multi Register Load-

Store Instructions, Stack, Software Interrupt Instructions.

UNIT IV: ARM Programming

Simple C Programs using Function Calls, Pointers, Structures, Integer and Floating-Point Arithmetic, Assembly Code using Instruction

Scheduling, Register Allocation, Conditional Execution and Loops.

UNIT V: Memory Management

Cache Architecture, Polices, Flushing and Caches, MMU, Page Tables, Translation, Access Permissions, Content Switch.
 DIGITAL IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING

UNIT I: IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS AND TRANSFORMS

Image Representation – Sampling and Quantization – Two dimensional DFT – Discrete cosine Transform – Walsh – Hadamard transform

– Wavelet transform – Construction of Wavelets – Types of wavelets – principal component analysis.

UNIT II: PROCESSING AND MODELING OF IMAGES

Pre-processing – Point operations – contrast stretching – Histogram – Histogram equalization – Image segmentation – pixel based, edge

based, region-based segmentation – Morphological image processing – Edge and texture models – Image registration – Colour Image

Processing.

UNIT III: SPATIAL FEATURE EXTRACTION

Feature selection – Localized feature extraction – Boundary Descriptors – Moments – Texture Descriptors – Co-occurrence features.

UNIT IV: CLASSIFIERS

Kernel based approaches – clustering methods – Maximum Likelihood Estimation – Bayesian approach – Pattern Classification.

UNIT V: VIDEO OBJECT EXTRACTION

Back ground subtraction – Frame difference – Static and dynamic background modelling – optical flow techniques – Handling occlusion

– scale and appearance changes – Shadow removal.

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO ASICs

Types of ASICs, Design Flow, Case Study, Economics of ASICs, ASIC Cell Libraries, Transistors as resistors, Transistor Parasitic

Capacitance, Logical Effort, Library Cell Design, Library Architecture, Gate-Array Design, Standard Cell Design, Data Path Cell Design.

UNIT II: PROGRAMABLE ASICS AND PROGRAMABLE ASIC LOGIC CELLS

The Anti fuse, Static Ram, EPROM and EEPROM Technology, Practical Issues, Specifications, PREDP Benchmarks, FPGA Economics,

Actel ACT, Xilinx LCA, Altera Flex, Altera Max.

UNIT III: I/O CELLS AND INTERCONNECTS & PROGRAMMABLE ASIC DESIGN SOFTWARE

DC Output, AC Output, DC input, AC input, Clock input, Power input, Xilinx I/O block, Other I/O Cells, Actel ACT, Xilinx LCA, Xilinx

EPLD, Altera Max 5000 and 7000, Altera Max 9000, Altera FLEX, Design Systems, Logic Synthesis, The Half gate ASIC.

UNIT IV: LOW LEVEL DESIGN ENTRY AND LOGIC SYNTHESIS

Schematic Entry, Low level Design Languages, PLA Tools, EDIF, A logic synthesis example, A Comparator/MUX, Inside a Logic

Synthesizer, Synthesis of Viterbi Decoder, Verilog and Logic synthesis, VHDL and Logic Synthesis, Finite State Machine Synthesis,

Memory Synthesis, The Engine Controller, Performance Driven Synthesis, Optimization of the Viterbi decoder.

UNIT V: SIMULATION, TEST AND ASIC CONSTRUCTION

Types of Simulation, The Comparator/MUX Example, Logic Systems, How Logic Simulation Works, Cell Models, Delay Models, Static

Timing Analysis, Formal Verification, Switch Level Simulation, Transistor Level Simulation, The importance of test, Boundary Scan Test,

Faults, Faults Simulation, Automatic Test Pattern Generator, Scan Test, Built in Self-Test, A simple test Example, Physical Design, CAD

Tools, System Partitioning, Estimating ASIC Size, Power Dissipation, FPGA Partitioning, Partitioning Methods
 HUMAN VALUES AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

Elective V – Open Elective

UNIT I: HUMAN VALUES

Morals, Values and Ethics – Integrity – Work Ethic – Service learning – Civic Virtue – Respect for others – Living Peacefully – Caring –

Sharing – Honesty – Courage – Co Operation – Commitment – Empathy – Self Confidence Character – Spirituality.

UNIT II: ENGINEERING ETHICS

Senses of Engineering Ethics – Variety of moral issues – Types of inquiry – Moral dilemmas – Moral autonomy – Kohlberg’s theory –

Gilligan’s theory – Consensus and controversy – Models of professional roles – Theories about right action – Self-interest – Customs and

religion – Uses of Ethical theories – Valuing time – Cooperation – Commitment.

UNIT III: ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering As Social Experimentation – Framing the problem – Determining the facts – Codes of Ethics – Clarifying Concepts –

Application issues – Common Ground - General Principles – Utilitarian thinking respect for persons.

UNIT IV: ENGINEERS RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY AND RISK

Safety and risk – Assessment of safety and risk – Risk benefit analysis and reducing risk Safety and the Engineer – Designing for the safety

– Intellectual Property Rights (IPR).

UINIT V: GLOBAL ISSUES

Globalization – Cross culture issues – Environmental Ethics – Computer Ethics – Computers as the instrument of Unethical behaviour –

Computers as the object of Unethical acts – Autonomous Computers – Computer codes of Ethics – Weapons Development – Ethics.