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    The Hypothesis Testing On One-Sample Proportion

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    Checken Joy
    The document discusses the central limit theorem and how it can be applied to sample proportions. It provides the formula that can be used as a test statistic to test hypotheses about population proportions: z=(p-p)/√(pq/n) Where p is the sample proportion, p is the population proportion, q is 1-p, and n is the sample size. It also outlines the steps for performing a hypothesis test on a population proportion: 1) stating the null and alternative hypotheses, 2) choosing the significance level, 3) computing the test statistic and standardized test statistic, 4) determining the critical value, and 5) making a decision to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Hypothesis Testing On One-Sample Proportion

    Uploaded by

    Checken Joy
    113 views18 pages
    The document discusses the central limit theorem and how it can be applied to sample proportions. It provides the formula that can be used as a test statistic to test hypotheses about population proportions: z=(p-p)/√(pq/n) Where p is the sample proportion, p is the population proportion, q is 1-p, and n is the sample size. It also outlines the steps for performing a hypothesis test on a population proportion: 1) stating the null and alternative hypotheses, 2) choosing the significance level, 3) computing the test statistic and standardized test statistic, 4) determining the critical value, and 5) making a decision to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.

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    The+Hypothesis+Testing+On+One-Sample+Proportion

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    The document discusses the central limit theorem and how it can be applied to sample proportions. It provides the formula that can be used as a test statistic to test hypotheses about population proportions: z=(p-p)/√(pq/n) Where p is the sample proportion, p is the population proportion, q is 1-p, and n is the sample size. It also outlines the steps for performing a hypothesis test on a population proportion: 1) stating the null and alternative hypotheses, 2) choosing the significance level, 3) computing the test statistic and standardized test statistic, 4) determining the critical value, and 5) making a decision to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    113 views18 pages

    The Hypothesis Testing On One-Sample Proportion

    Uploaded by

    Checken Joy
    The document discusses the central limit theorem and how it can be applied to sample proportions. It provides the formula that can be used as a test statistic to test hypotheses about population proportions: z=(p-p)/√(pq/n) Where p is the sample proportion, p is the population proportion, q is 1-p, and n is the sample size. It also outlines the steps for performing a hypothesis test on a population proportion: 1) stating the null and alternative hypotheses, 2) choosing the significance level, 3) computing the test statistic and standardized test statistic, 4) determining the critical value, and 5) making a decision to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

     Recall the following z-score formula:

    𝑥−𝜇
    𝑧=
    𝜎
     If the sample means are normally
    distributed, then the formula can be
    converted to
    𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥
    𝑧=
    𝜎𝑥
    𝑥−μ
    Formula for the Central Limit Theorem z= 𝜎
    𝑛
    Performing
    Hypothesis
    Testing On
    One-Sample
    Proportion

    Prepared by:
    EDEN G. ANIVERSARIO, LPT
    LEARNING OBJECTIVES

    a. formulates the appropriate null and alternative


    hypotheses on a population proportion.
    b. identifies the appropriate form of the test-statistic
    when the Central Limit Theorem is to be used.
    c. identifies the appropriate rejection region for a
    given level of significance when the Central Limit
    Theorem is to be used.
     The Central Limit Theorem is not limited to sample
    means. It can also be applied to sample
    proportions. The sample size is sufficiently large if
    np>5 and nq>5.
     The following formula below can be used as an
    appropriate test statistic to test the hypothesis
    about population proportion p.
    𝒑−𝒑 𝒑−𝒑
    𝒛= 𝒑𝒒
    or 𝒛=
    𝒑(𝟏−𝒑)
    𝒏 𝒏

    where: 𝒑 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛


    𝒒=1−𝑝
    𝒑 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
    𝒏 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
    Null Hypothesis:

    The null hypothesis is usually written in the form:


    𝑯𝟎 ∶ 𝒑 = 𝒑
    where 𝑝 = specific numerical value for the population
    proportion 𝑝.

    Alternative Hypothesis:

    The alternative hypothesis can be any of the


    following:
    𝑯𝒂 ∶ 𝒑 ≠ 𝒑 (two-tailed test)
    𝑯𝒂 ∶ 𝒑 > 𝒑 (one-tailed test)
    𝑯𝒂 ∶ 𝒑 < 𝒑 (one-tailed test)
    z-Test for a Population
    Proportion
    A statistical test for a population proportion.
     Can be used when a binomial distribution is given
    such that np  5 and nq  5.
     The test statistic is the sample proportion p̂ .
     The standardized test statistic is z.
    The following are the steps when
    testing hypothesis concerning a
    proportion:
     Step 1: State the null and alternative
    hypotheses. H0 and Ha.
     Step 2: Choose a level of significance .
     Step 3: Compute the test-statistic and
    standardized test statistics.
    p̂  p
    𝒙 z
    Formula: 𝒑 = and pq n
    𝒏

     Step 4: Determine the critical value.


     Step 5: Make a decision.
    If z is in the rejection region, reject H0. Otherwise, fail to reject H0.
    Exercise A: Find the sample
    proportion
    1. n=550, x= 308
    Solution:
    = 0.56
    𝒙 𝟑𝟎𝟖
    𝒑= = 3. n=620, x= 248
    𝒏 𝟓𝟓𝟎
    Solution:
    = 0.40
    𝒙 𝟔𝟐𝟎
    𝒑= =
    𝒏 𝟐𝟒𝟖
    2. n=480, x= 168
    Solution:
    = 0.35
    𝒙 𝟏𝟔𝟖
    𝒑= =
    𝒏 𝟒𝟖𝟎
    Exercise B: Test each of the hypotheses
    by using the given information:
    Given: b. Determine the critical value.

    𝑯𝟎 ∶ 𝒑 = 𝟒𝟐, 𝛼 = 0.05
    𝛼 0.05
    𝑯𝒂 ∶ 𝒑 ≠ 𝟒𝟐 = = 0.475
    2 2
    Sample size (n)= 150
    Critical value = ±1.96
    Sample proportion=0.45
    α= 0.05

    Solution:

    a. Compute the test statistic

    𝒑−𝒑 𝟎.𝟒𝟓−𝟎.𝟒𝟐
    𝒛= =
    𝒑(𝟏−𝒑) 𝟎.𝟒𝟐(𝟏−𝟎.𝟒𝟐) c. Conclusion:
    𝒏 𝟏𝟓𝟎 The computed test statistic does not fall
    = 0.744 in the rejection region, hence do not
    reject the null hypothesis.
    Exercise B: Test each of the hypotheses
    by using the given information:
    Given: b. Determine the critical value.

    𝑯𝟎 ∶ 𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟓, 𝛼 = 0.01
    𝑯𝒂 ∶ 𝒑 > 𝟎. 𝟓𝟓 0.5 − 0.01 = 0.49
    Sample size (n)= 160 Critical value = +2.33
    Sample proportion=0.68
    α= 0.01

    Solution:

    a. Compute the test statistic

    𝒑−𝒑 𝟎.𝟔𝟖−𝟎𝟓𝟓
    𝒛= = c. Conclusion:
    𝒑(𝟏−𝒑) 𝟎.𝟓𝟓(𝟏−𝟎.𝟓𝟓)
    𝒏 𝟏𝟔𝟎 The computed test statistic of z=3.305
    = 3.305 falls in the rejection region. Hence,
    reject the null hypothesis.
    Example 1
    It is believed that in the coming election,
    65% of the voters in the province of South
    Cotabato will vote for the administration
    candidate for governor. Suppose 713 out of
    the 1,150 randomly selected voters indicate
    that they would vote for the administration
    candidate. At 0.10 level of significance, find
    out whether the percentage of voters for
    the administration candidate is different
    from 65%.
    Solution:
    Step 1: State the null and alternative hypotheses.

    𝑯𝒐 : 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠


    𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 65%. 𝐻0 ∶ 𝑝 = 65

    𝑯𝒂 : 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟


    𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 65%. 𝐻0 ∶ 𝑝 ≠ 65

    Step 2: Choose a level of significance: 𝜶 =0.10

    Step 3: Compute the test statistic.


    𝑥 713
    𝒑= = = 0.62
    𝑛 1,150

    𝑝−𝑝 0.62−0.65
    𝒛= = 0.65(1−0.65)
    = -2.133
    𝑝(1−𝑝)
    𝑛 1,150
    Step 4: Determine the critical value.
    The alternative hypothesis is non-directional. Hence, the two-
    tailed test shall be used. Divide α by 2, and then subtract the quotient
    from 0.5.
    𝛼 0.10
    = = 0.05
    2 2
    0.5 − 0.05 = 0.45
    Using the Areas Under the Normal Curve Table, 𝑧𝛼 = 1.645. At 10% level
    2
    of significance the critical value is ±1.645.

    Step 5: Draw a conclusion.


    Since the computed test statistic z = -2.133 falls in the rejection region,
    reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that 0.10 level of significance,
    Conclusion:
    𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
    𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 65%.
    Example: Hypothesis Test for Proportions
    Zogby International claims that 45% of people in the
    United States support making cigarettes illegal within
    the next 5 to 10 years. You decide to test this claim
    and ask a random sample of 200 people in the United
    States whether they support making cigarettes illegal
    within the next 5 to 10 years. Of the 200 people, 49%
    support this law. At α = 0.05 is there enough evidence
    to reject the claim?

    Solution:
    • Verify that np ≥ 5 and nq ≥ 5.
    np = 200(0.45) = 90 and nq = 200(0.55) = 110
    Solution: Hypothesis Test for Proportions

    • H0: p = 0.45 • Test Statistic

    • Ha: p ≠ 0.45 pˆ  p 0.49  0.45


    z 
    •  = 0.05 pq n (0.45)(0.55) 200
    • Rejection Region:  1.14
    • Decision: Fail to reject H0
    At the 5% level of
    0.025 0.025 significance, there is not
    enough evidence to reject
    z
    -1.96 0 1.96 the claim that 45% of
    people in the U.S. support
    1.14 making cigarettes illegal
    within the next 5 to 10 years.
    Example: Hypothesis Test for Proportions
    The Pew Research Center claims that 55% of U.S.
    adults regularly watch their local television news. You
    decide to test this claim and ask a random sample of
    425 adults in the United States whether they regularly
    watch their local television news. Of the 425 adults, 255
    respond yes. At α = 0.05 is there enough evidence to
    support the claim?

    Solution:
    • Verify that np ≥ 5 and nq ≥ 5.
    np = 425(0.55) ≈ 234 and nq = 425 (0.45) ≈ 191
    Solution: Hypothesis Test for Proportions
    • H0: • Test Statistic

    • Ha: p > 0.55 pˆ  p 255 425  0.55


    z 
    •  = 0.05 pq n (0.55)(0.45) 425
    • Rejection Region:  2.07
    • Decision: Reject H0
    0.05 At the 5% level of significance,
    there is enough evidence to
    z support the claim that more
    0 1.645 than 55% of U.S. adults regularly
    2.07 watch their local television
    news.
    THANK YOU!

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