Saint Mary’s University_Criminology Review Center 1

Subject: Drug Education & Vice Control

REVIEWER NOTES IN 5. Iontophoresis – the introduction of drugs into

DRUG EDUCATION AND the deeper layers of the skin by the use of
special type of electro current for local effect.
VICE CONTROL
---------------------------- oOo -------------------------- TOXICOLOGY is commonly known as the science of
poisons, their effects and antidotes. In connection,
drugs may cause dangerous effects because of any
WHAT IS A DRUG? – A chemical substance used as a
of the following:
medicine or in making medicines which affects the
body and mind and have potential for abuse. a. Overdose – when too much of a drug is taken
Without an advice or prescription from a physician, into the physiological system of the human
drugs can be harmful. body, there may be an over extension of its
effects.
PRESCRIPTIVE DRUGS – It requires written
b. Allergy – some drugs cause the release of
authorization from a doctor to allow a purchase.
histamine giving rise to allergic symptoms
They are prescribed according to the individual’s
such as dermatitis, swelling, fall in blood
age, weight and height and should not be taken by
pressure, suffocation and death.
anyone else.
c. Idiosyncrasy – it refers to the individual
OVER – THE – COUNTER DRUGS - Non – prescription reaction to a drug, food etc., for unexplained
medicine which may be purchased from any reasons. Morphine for example, which
pharmacy or drugstore without, written sedates all men, stimulates and renders some
authorization from a doctor. They are use to treat women maniacal behaviors.
minor and short term illnesses and any persistent d. Poisonous Property – drugs are chemicals and
condition should be immediately referred to a some of them have the property of being
physician general protoplasmic poisons.
e. Side Effects – some drugs are not receptors
HOW DRUGS WORK? for one organ but receptors of other organs
as well. The effect in the other organs may
1. Minimal dose – amount needed to treat or heal
constitute a side effect, which are most of the
that is, the smallest amount of a drug that will
produce a therapeutic effect. time is unwanted.
2. Maximal dose – largest amount of a drug that
will produce a desired therapeutic effect PHARMACOLOGY is the science or study of drugs
without any accompanying symptoms of including their sources, chemistry, production, use in
toxicity. treating diseases and side effects.
3. Toxic dose – amount of drug that produces
untoward effects or symptoms. a. Analgesics – are drugs that relieve pain.
4. Abusive dose – amount needed to produce the b. Antibiotics – are drugs that combat or control
side effects and action desired by the individual infectious organism.
who improperly uses it. c. Antipyretics – those that can lower body
5. Lethal dose – the amount of drug that will cause
temperature or fever due to infection.
death.
d. Antihistamines – those that control or combat
HOW DRUGS ARE ADMINISTERED? allergic reactions.
e. Contraceptives – drugs that prevent the
1. Oral – this is the safest and most convenient and meeting of the egg cell and sperm cell or
economical route whenever possible. prevent the ovary from releasing egg cells.
2. Injection - this form of drug administration f. Decongestants –those that relieve congestion
offers a faster response than the oral method. It of the nasal passages.
makes use of a needle or other device to deliver g. Expectorants – those that can ease the
the drugs directly into the body tissue and blood expulsion of mucus and phlegm from the
circulation. lungs and the throat.
3. Inhalation – this route makes use of gaseous h. Laxatives – those that stimulate defecation
and volatile drugs, which are inhaled and and encourage bowel movement.
absorbed rapidly through the mucous of the i. Sedatives and Tranquilizer – are those that
respiratory tract. can calm and quiet the nerves and relieve
4. Topical – this refers to the application of drugs anxiety without causing depression and
directly to a body site such as the skin and the clouding of the mind.
mucous membrane.

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 Saint Mary’s University_Criminology Review Center 2
Subject: Drug Education & Vice Control

j. Vitamins – those substances necessary for 2. DEMEROL AND METHADONE – methadone was
normal growth and development and proper first sensitized in Germany in 1943, when an
functioning of the body. opiate analgesic was not available because of
war, it was first called “Dolophine” after Adolf
Hitler.
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS ACCORDING
TO ITS EFFECTS Demerol – is widely used as a painkiller in
childbirth while Methadone is the drugs of
1. Depressants – are group of drugs that has the
choice in the withdrawal treatment of heroin
effect of depressing the Central Nervous
dependents since it relieves the physical craving
System.
for heroin.
2. Stimulants – are group of drugs having the
effect of stimulating the Central Nervous
3. CHINA WHITE – these are drug synthesized from
System.
the basic morphine molecule but perhaps more
3. Hallucinogens – refers to group of drugs that
than 1,000 times more potent than heroin. This
considered mind altering drugs and give general
drug is very dangerous not only because of its
effects of mood distortion.
potency but also because the chance is the
COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS street chemist will make the substance wrong.

NARCOTICS – it is derived from the Greek work STIMULANTS (uppers) – these are drugs that
“narkoticos” meaning sleep. These generally use as produce excitation, alertness and wakefulness,
pain killing drugs, it relieves pain and produce
intense feeling of “highness” and in some cases, a
profound sleep or stupor.
temporary rise in blood pressure and respiration.
1. OPIUM - narcotic drug produced from the drying
resin of unripe capsules of the opium poppy, Their medical uses include treatment of
Papaver somniferum. Opium is grown mainly in Narcolepsy – a condition characterized by an
Myanmar (formerly Burma) and Afghanistan. overwhelming desire to sleep. A person who
has narcolepsy goes to sleep as frequently as
Derivatives of Opium:
5 times a day.
a. Morphine – it is the principal derivative of
STIMULANT DRUGS
opium. Its name was derived from the name
“morpheus”, the Greek God of Dreams 1. COCAINE – this is naturally extracted/ obtained
because of its dreamful effect, which from the leaves of erythroxylon coca or the coca
follows its initial stimulating effect. bush. The plant is called erythroxylon coca and
Discovered by Freidrich Serturner. the alkaloid extracted from the leaves has a
SLANG NAMES: “M”, “Dreamer”, scientific name which is Cocaine Hydrochloride.
“Pectoral”, “Syrup”, “AAA”, “999” Cocaine was discovered in 1850 by Nietman.
Hailed as a wonder drug in the late 19th
b. Heroin - It is derived from morphine. It is century.
three to five times more powerful than
morphine from which it is derived and the Freebasing - it is a method of reducing the
most addicting opium derivative. With impurities in cocaine. The method produces a
continued use, addiction occurs within 14 type of cocaine that is many times more
days. It is the most powerful opium powerful than that of normal cocaine.
derivative. Discovered by Alder Wright.
Magnan’s Symptoms - it is the feeling as if
SLANG NAMES: “Snow”, “stuff”, “junk
grains of sand are lying under the skin or small
tooth”, “H”
insects (cocaine bugs) are creeping on the skin is
c. Codeine – a component of opium and a
the most characterized symptoms.
derivative of morphine, in most respects a
tenth or less as effective as morphine. It is Cocaine “Body Packer” Syndrome - refers to the
widely used as ingredient in cough syrup. it ingestion of multiple small packages of cocaine
is discovered by Robiquet in the process of for the purpose of transporting contraband.
discovering drugs that would cure opium
and morphine addiction. Crack - is a form of cocaine that has been
SLANG NAMES: “School boy”, “cough syrup chemically altered so that it can be smoked. It
looks like small lumps or shaving of soap but has

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Subject: Drug Education & Vice Control

a mixture of porcelain. The drug is sold in inch has a slow onset but long duration of
that is referred to us french-fries or teeth. action.

SLANG NAMES: “leaf”, “snow”, “coke”, 4. HALLUCINOGENS (Psychedelics) - are drugs

“speedballs when mixed with heroin”, “snorr”, capable of provoking changes in sensation,
“chinese white”, “blow”, “C”, “coca”, “flake”, thinking, self – awareness and emotion.
“heaven”, “dust”, “paradise” Alteration of time and space perception (false
perception), illusions, hallucinations and
2. AMPHETAMINE – A group of synthetic drugs,
delusion.
increasing the heart rate and raising blood
The results are the very variable; a “high” or
pressure.
a “bad” trip may occur in the same person
used medically for weight reducing in
on different occasions. His “trips” maybe
obesity, relief or mild depression and
exhilarating or terrifying good or bad.
treatment of narcolepsy
 SLANG NAMES: “beanies”, “co-pilots”, HALLUCINOGEN DRUGS
“foot ball hearts”, “pep pills”, “ampies”
1. MARIJUANA (Cannabis Sativa Lima) – it is the
a. SHABU (Methamphetamine Hydrochloride) most commonly abused hallucinogen in the
- it is the most abused stimulants in the Philippines because it can be grown extensively
Philippines today. It is commonly known as in the country. The effects of marijuana include a
“poor man’s cocaine”. feeling of grandeur. It can also produce opposite
SLANG NAMES: “upper”, “speed”, “ha”, effect, a dreamy sensation of time seeming to
“ice”, “shabs”, “S” stretch out.

DEPRESSANTS (downers) – these are drugs which Two Varieties of the Cannabis Plant:
suppress vital body function especially those of the  Resin – Producing – (female mj) – THC is
brain or central nervous system with the resulting found most abundantly in the upper leaves,
barks and flowers of the resin – producing
impairment of judgment, hearing, speech, and
plant.
muscular coordination.
 Fiber – Producing – (male mj) – contains
lesser THC
They dull minds, slow down body reactions to such
an extent that accidental death or suicides, usually Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) - most active and
happen. are considered responsible for the
hallucinogenic effect of mj. THC contains the
DEPRESSANT DRUGS:
highest concentration of the drug.
1. BARBITURATES – are drugs used for inducing “Phantasmagoria” - sensation that figures are
sleep in persons plagued with anxiety, mental rushing toward him at tremendous speed,
stress and insomnia. They are also of value in the increasing in size as they approach.
treatment of epilepsy and hypertension. They
Hashish/ Concentrated Cannabis - This is a crude
are available in capsules, pills or tablets and
resin extracted from the tops of a marijuana
taken orally or injected. SLANG NAMES:
plant. It is 8 – 10 times stronger than commercial
“goofballs”, “footballs”, “barbs”, “blockbuster
grade on the average.
2. METHAQUALONE - is a synthetic sedative which
Hashish Oil/ Marijuana Oil/ Honey Oil – 3 - 4 times
has been widely abused and often caused
stronger than hash and 30 – 40 times stronger
serious poisoning. It is a sedative drug in a
than commercial grade mj. Users smoke hash oil
smaller dose and a hypnotic in a bigger dose.
by adding it to a mj cigarette or commercial
3. TRANQUILIZERS - are drugs used in treating cigarette
nervous disorders or calm psychotic patients or
2. LYSERGIC ACID DIATHYLAMIDE (LSD) - the drug
mental disorders without producing sleep.
was first synthesized by Dr. Albert Hoffman and
Kinds of Tranquilizers: Dr. Arthur Steel from the ergot plants – a fungus
that parasites rye and other grains and
a. Meprobate – a minor tranquilizer used for Diathylamide portion. This drug is the most
the relief of anxiety, tension and muscular powerful of the Psychedelics and it is 1, 000
spasms. times more powerful than marijuana.
b. Diazepam – also known as “valium”. It is the
most commonly used tranquilizer, which
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Subject: Drug Education & Vice Control

3. PEYOTE - is derived from the surface part of a  Association – the tendency of a drug abuser to
small gray brown cactus. Peyote emits a look for peer groups where he feels being
nauseating odor and its user suffers from wanted and accepted.
nausea.  Experimentation – the tendency of a person to
try and explore the effects of drugs due to
4. MESCALINE - this is the active ingredient of the
curiosity or other reasons.
peyote cactus
 Inexperienced doctors – the tendency of
5. PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP) - known on the street as doctors and physicians to unnecessarily
“angel dust”. It is used as an intravenous prescribe drugs.
anesthetic and analgesic and used also as  Likewise, addiction may also be acquired
treatment for mental disorder through
 Habituation – repetitious engagement of drug
Killer Weed - combination of angel dust and use which is closely related to the experience of
marijuana the euphoric effect of drugs, and the relief of
pain or emotional discomfort.
6. PSILOCYBIN - this hallucinogenic alkaloid from
 Toleration – refers to the necessity to increase
small Mexican mushroom. These mushrooms
the dose to obtain an effect equivalent to the
induced nausea, muscular relaxation, mood
original dose.
changes with visions of bright colors and
 Dependence – the altered physiological state
shapes. Physiological effects produced by this
brought about by the repeated administration
drug is similar to LSD.
of the drug, which necessitates the continued
Morning Glory Seeds - known as Lysergic Acid use of the drug to avoid withdrawal syndrome.
Amide. The active ingredient in the seed is
GROUP CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS
similar to LSD although less potent. The
reactions are likened to those resulting from 1. Situational Users – those who use drugs to keep
LSD them awake or for additional energy to perform
an important work. Such individual may or may
7. ECSTASY - is one of the club drugs most often
not exhibit psychological dependence.
associated with rave parties. The scientific name
2. Spree Users – school age users who take drugs
for ecstasy is methylenedioxymethamphetamine
for “kicks”, an adventurous daring experience,
(MDMA). Taken at a dance or rave, ecstasy's
or as a means of fun. There may be some degree
sensory altering properties can be heightened
of psychological dependence but little physical
by the high degree of sensory stimulation
dependence due to the mixed pattern of use.
(lights, music and crowded dance floors).
3. Hard Core Addicts – those, whose activities
Rohypnol - The Date Rape Drug. perhaps best revolve almost entirely around the drug
suited to drug-assisted date rape. Rohypnol is experience and securing supplies. They show
colorless, odorless and tasteless. The drug strong psychological dependence on the drug.
dissolves with ease, especially in carbonated 4. Hippies – those who are addicted to drugs
drinks. Mixing alcohol or other depressants with believing that drug is an integral part of life.
Rohypnol intensifies the drug's sedative effect,
and it can be lethal.
SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND VICE CONTROL
Adding to Rohypnol's "popularity" as a date
rape tool is its amnesia-causing properties. ALCOHOL is one of the oldest intoxicants known to
When the sedative properties of Rohypnol wear man. Ever since there has been a continuous effect,
off, some people experience anterograde everywhere, to control its consumption because of
amnesia—they have no clear memory of events its devastating effects on human life. It is said to be
that occurred during the drug's acute effects. the “most commonly abused drug in the world”.
Rohypnol's reputation as a date rape drug has
made it one of the most notorious of the club Nature and Property. Alcohol is a colorless, tasteless
drugs. clear liquid. It boils at 78.4 degrees Celsius. It has
pleasant odor and gives a burning sensation to the
mouth, esophagus and stomach. Like many drugs,
alcohol is toxic. The kind of alcohol we drink is called
How addiction is acquired? ethanol. Ethanol is a by-product of the fermentation

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Subject: Drug Education & Vice Control

process (when yeast and sugar are mixed together TOBACCO – Scientifically known as Nicotiana
and react). Tabacum, is a plant grown for its leaves, which are
smoked, chewed, or sniffed for a variety of effects.
Two kinds of alcohol Tobacco is considered addictive because it contains
the addictive chemical Nicotine. Sniffing and chewing
Methyl and ethyl alcohol. Methyl alcohol is very
tobacco originated in North America and Europe
poisonous and is not put in drinks but is use in some
industries. Ethyl alcohol is used in alcoholic drinks, Tobacco Chemicals:
which are made by breweries.
1. Nicotine – it is the most common important
The Common Alcoholic Drinks active ingredient in controlled doses. It is an
extremely toxic substance. A typical cigarette
1. Beers – they contain 2 – 6 percent alcohol
contains 1 – 2 mg of nicotine. When smoked, less
2. Wines – they contain about 10% alcohol
than 1 mg from each cigarette is filtered.
3. Fortified Wines – liquors that contains 10% – 20%
2. Carbon Monoxide – a poisonous gas similar to
alcohol
the gas that emanates from a car’s exhaust pipe.
4. Spirits – liquors that contains 40% - 60% of
It impairs the capacity of the blood to supply
alcohol
adequate amounts of oxygen to the vital organs
Types of Drinkers of the body. It is responsible for the shortness of
breath among smokers.
1. Occasional Drinker – drinks on special occasions 3. Tar – the brownish viscous substance known to
or uses alcohol as a home remedy, takes only a be the cancer – causing component of tobacco
few drinks per year. smoking. It also stains the fingers, teeth, and
2. Frequent Drinker – drinks at parties and social tongue of the smoker. Along with the other
affairs. Intake of alcohol may be once a week or noxious substances in cigarette smoking, it can
occasionally reaches three or four times per lead to lung cancer, emphysema and chronic
week, uses beverages to release inhibitions and bronchitis.
tensions.
3. Regular Drinker – may drink daily or consistently DRUG TESTING
on weekends, usually comes from cultural
Two phases in the examination of the alleged
background where wine and beer is used with
confiscated Dangerous Drugs:
meals to enhance the flavor of the food. 1. Screening test/Preliminary test (also known as
4. Alcohol Dependent – drinks to have good time, the color test)
excessive drinking occurs occasionally but 2. Confirmatory test
drinker may not become alcoholic.
5. Alcoholic – has lost control of his use of alcohol.
Alcohol assumes primary goal in his life, even to CHEMICAL TESTS & ANALYSIS
the exclusion of physical health and interests of
family and society in general.
Drugs Test Used Color
Effects of Alcohol on the Drinker
Reaction
1. Euphoria – A feeling of well–being, increased Opium Marquis Test Purple/Violet
confidence, temporary relief from fatigue, pain
or depression. Heroin Nitric Acid Yellow-
2. Muscular In coordination – depression of motor Green
function and causes greater dulling of the brain
Morphine Nitric Acid Red-Orange
that controls inhibitions. The person may
become hilarious, morose, irritable or excitable Cocaine Cobalt Thiocyanate Blue
without proper cause. He may suffer from
slurred speech and staggering gait. Barbiturates Dille-Kopanyi Test Violet
3. Respiratory Paralysis – if more liquor is or the Zwikker Test
Blue
consumed the paralysis of the respiratory
centers sets in. The person may suffer from Amphetamin Marquis Test Red/Orange-
complete in coordination of muscles, torturous es Brown
breathing, sleep, coma and death.
LSD (Lysergic Para Amino Purple
Acid BenZoic Acid

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Diethylamide (PABA) major transshipment point for the worldwide

) distribution of illegal drugs particularly shabu
and cocaine from Taiwan and South America. It
Marijuana Duquenois-Levine Red Bottom is also noted that Philippines today is known as
Test or KN Test Layer the drug paradise of drug abusers in Asia.
Shabu Symone’s Test Purple  India – is the center of the world’s drug map,
leading to the rapid addiction among its people.
DRUG TRAFFICKING  Indonesia – Northern Sumatra has traditionally
been the main cannabis growing area in
FIRST DRUG TRAFFIC ROUTE
Indonesia. Bali Indonesia is an important transit
Middle East - discovery, plantation, cultivation,
point for drugs en route to Australia and New
Turkey - preparation for distribution
Europe - manufacture, synthesis, refine Zealand.
U.S - marketing  Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand – is the most
favorable sites of drug distribution from the
SECOND MAJOR DRUG TRAFFIC ROUTE “Golden Triangle” and other parts of Asia.

On the other side of the globe is the second

 China – is the transit route for heroin from the
major drug traffic route, which is composed of the
“Golden Triangle” to Hong Kong. It is also the
popular Golden Triangle and the Golden Crescent.
country where the “epedra” plant is cultivated –
The Golden Triangle composed of three countries
source of the drug ephedrine – the principal
namely Burma/Myanmar, Laos and Thailand while
chemical for producing the drug shabu.
Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India compose the
 Hong Kong – is the world’s transshipment point
Golden Crescent.
of all forms of heroin.
 Japan – became the major consumer of cocaine
In Southeast Asia – the “Golden Triangle”
and shabu from the United States and Europe.
approximately produced 60% of opium in the world,
90% of opium in the eastern part of Asia. It is also the THE ORGANIZED CRIME GROUPS BEHIND THE
officially acknowledge source of Southeast Asian GLOBAL DRUG SCENE
Heroin. A heroin is produced in the Golden Triangle
and passes through nearby countries in relatively  The Columbian Medellin Cartel – Founded
small quantities through air transport while in transit during the 1980’s by Columbian drug lords in the
to the United States and European countries. name of Pablo Escobar Gaviria and drug bosses
Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha and the top aid
In Southwest Asia – the “Golden Crescent” cocaine barons Juan David and Ochoa Brothers.
is the major supplier of opium poppy, marijuana and
heroin products in the western part of Asia. It The Medellin Cartel is reputedly responsible for
produced at least 85% to 90% of all illicit heroin organizing world’s drug trafficking network. The
channeled in the drug underworld market. Columbian government succeeded in containing
the Medellin Cartel, which resulted in the death,
THE WORLD’S DRUG SCENE surrender, and arrest of the people behind the
organization. This further resulted to the
 Middle East – the Becka Valley of Lebanon is disbandment of the Cartel led to its downfall.
considered to be the biggest producer of
cannabis in the Middle East. Lebanon is also  The Cali Cartel – The downfall of the Columbian
became the transit country for cocaine from Medellin Cartel is the rise of the Cali Cartel – the
South America to European illicit drug markets. newly emerged cocaine monopoly. Gilberto
 Spain – is known as the major transshipment Rodriguez Orajuela – better known as Don Chepe
point for international drug traffickers in Europe – “the Chinese player” heads the syndicated
– and became “the paradise of drug users in organization. Under him, the Cali Cartel was
Europe”. considered the most powerful criminal
 South America – Columbia, Peru, Uruguay and organization in the world.
Panama are the principal sources of all cocaine
supply in the world due to the robust The Cartel produces over 90% of cocaine in the
production of the coca plants. world. Due to this, it was called the best and
 Mexico – is known in the world to be the brightest of the modern underworld. “They are
number one producer of marijuana. professionals of the highest order, intelligent,
efficient, imaginative and nearly impenetrable”-
 Philippines – second to Mexico as to the
US Drug Enforcement Agency.
production of marijuana. It also became the
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 The Chinese Triad – The Chinese Triad, also 1. Administer – any act of introducing any
called the Chinese Mafia is the oldest and dangerous drug into the body of any person,
biggest criminal organization in the world. It is with or without his/her knowledge, by injection,
inhalation, ingestion or other means, or of
believed to be the controller of the “Golden
committing any act of indispensable assistance
Triangle” with international connection on drug to a person in administering a dangerous drug to
trafficking. himself/herself unless administered by a duly
licensed practitioner for purposes of medication
Drug Syndicates in the Philippines – The Binondo - 2. Chemical Diversion - the sale, distribution, supply
based Chinese syndicate has been identified as the or transport of legitimately imported, in-transit,
nucleus of the Triad Society, the Bamboo gang based manufactured or procured controlled precursors
in Taiwan and 14K based in Hong Kong. The Bamboo and essential chemicals, in diluted, mixtures or
gang is influenced of the Green gang of the Chinese in concentrated form, to any person or entity
engaged in the manufacture of any dangerous
Triad while the 14K is the newest among the triad
drug.
families established only in 1947. 3. Confirmatory Test – an analytical test using a
device, tool or equipment with a different
The most common “modus operandi” by the chemical or physical principle that is more
syndicates – posing as fishermen along Philippine specific which will validate and confirm the
seas, particularly, the northern provinces of Luzon result of the screening test. It refers to the
such as La Union, Ilocos, and Pangasinan where they second or further analytical procedure to more
drop their loads of shabu to shoreline based accurately determine the presence of dangerous
members. The syndicates are famously involved in drugs in a specimen.
4. Den, Dive or Resort – a place where any
marijuana cultivation and other drug smuggling
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
including drug manufacture. essential chemical is administered, delivered,
stored for illegal purposes, distributed, sold or
used in any form.
ANTI-DRUG OPERATIONAL PLANS (OPLAN): 5. Drug Dependence –It is a cluster of physiological,
behavioral and cognitive phenomena of variable
1. Oplan Greengold – MJ eradication intensity, in which the use of psychoactive drug
2. Oplan Hunter – Suspected military & police takes on a high priority thereby involving,
personnel among others, a strong desire or a sense of
3. Oplan Iceberg – Drug prone areas compulsion to take the substance and the
4. Oplan Mercurion – Drug stores violating Drugs difficulties in controlling substance-taking
Law behavior in terms of its onset, termination, or
5. Oplan Thunderbolt I – Against the underworld levels of use;
6. Oplan Thunderbolt II – Against Illegal Drug 6. Drug Dependent – refers to a person suffering
Laboratories from drug dependence;
7. Oplan Thunderbolt III – Neutralization of drug 7. Drug Syndicate – any organized group of two (2)
pushers, dealers & syndicates. or more persons forming or joining together
8. Oplan Tornado – Notorious & high profile places with the intention of committing any offense
9. Oplan Sagip-Yagit – Syndicates using children as prescribed under the Act;
conduit 8. Illegal Trafficking – the illegal cultivation,
10. Oplan Banat – Barangay level drug abuse culture, delivery, administration, dispensation,
prevention & suppression manufacture, sale, trading, transportation,
11. Oplan Athena – 14K & Bamboo gang distribution, importation, exportation and
neutralization possession of any dangerous drug and/or
12. Oplan Cyclops – Chinese triads neutralization controlled precursor and essential chemical;
9. Manufacture – the production, preparation,
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165 compounding or processing of any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
The "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002". chemical, either directly or indirectly or by
Approved: January 23, 2003 extraction from substances of natural origin, or
independently by means of chemical synthesis
Declaration of Policy. – It is the policy of the or by a combination of extraction and chemical
State to safeguard the integrity of its territory synthesis.
and the well-being of its citizenry particularly
the youth, from the harmful effects of 10. Cannabis or commonly known as “Marijuana” or
dangerous drugs on their physical and mental “Indian Hemp’ or by its any other name –
well-being, and to defend the same against embraces every kind, class, genus, or specie of
acts or omissions detrimental to their the plant Cannabis sativa L, including, but not
development and preservation. limited to, Cannabis americana, hashish, bhang,
guaza, churrus and ganjab, and embraces every
Definitions –

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kind, class and character of marijuana, whether e. 50 grams or more of methamphetamine

dried or fresh. hydrochloride or “shabu”;
11. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or f. 10 grams or more of marijuana resin or
commonly known as “Ecstasy,” or by its any marijuana resin oil;
other name – refers to the drug having such g. 500 grams or more of marijuana; and
chemical composition, including any of its h. 10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs such
isomers or derivatives in any form. as, but not limited to,
12. Methamphetamine Hydrochloride or commonly methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or
known as “Shabu”, “Ice”, “Meth”, or by its any “ecstasy”, paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA),
other name – refers to the drug having such trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), lysergic acid
chemical composition, including any of its diethylamine (LSD), gamma hydroxybutyrate
isomers or derivatives in any form. (GHB), and those similarly designed or newly
13. Opium – refers to the coagulated juice of the introduced drugs and their derivatives.
opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and
embraces every kind, class and character of
opium, whether crude or prepared. Use of Dangerous Drugs. -
14. Opium Poppy – refers to any part of the plant of
the species Papaver somniferum L., Papaver Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Drugs. –
setigerum DC, Papaver orientale, Papaver
Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs. –
bracteatum and Papaver rhoeas.
15. Planting of Evidence – the willful act of any
Custody and Disposition of Confiscated, Seized
person of maliciously and surreptitiously
inserting, placing, adding or attaching directly or and/or Surrendered Dangerous Drugs, Plant Sources
indirectly, through any overt or covert act, of Dangerous Drugs, Controlled Precursors and
whatever quantity of any dangerous drug and/or Essential Chemicals, Instruments/Paraphernalia
controlled precursor and essential chemical in and/or Laboratory Equipment. - The PDEA shall take
the person, house, effects or in the immediate charge and have custody of all dangerous drugs,
vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose
plant sources of dangerous drugs, controlled
of implicating, incriminating or imputing the
precursors and essential chemicals, as well as
commission of any violation of the Act.
16. Pusher – Any person, who sells, trades, instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory
administers, dispenses, delivers or gives away to equipment so confiscated, seized and/or
another, on any term whatsoever, or distributes, surrendered, for proper disposition in the following
dispatches in transit or transports dangerous manner:
drugs or who acts as a broker in any of such
transactions. (a) The apprehending officer/team having
17. Rehabilitation – the dynamic process, including initial custody and control of the drugs shall,
after-care and follow-up treatment, directed immediately after seizure and confiscation,
towards the physical, emotional/psychological, physically inventory and photograph the same in the
vocational, social and spiritual presence of the accused or the person/s from whom
change/enhancement of a drug dependent. such items were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her
18. Screening Test – a rapid test performed to representative or counsel, a representative from the
establish potential/presumptive positive result. media and the Department of Justice (DOJ), and any
It refers to the immunoassay test to eliminate a elected public official who shall be required to sign
“negative” specimen. the copies of the inventory and be given a copy
thereof: Provided, that the physical inventory and
19. Use – any act of injecting, intravenously or photograph shall be conducted at the place where
intramuscularly, of consuming, either by the search warrant is served; or at the nearest police
chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing, station or at the nearest office of the apprehending
drinking or otherwise introducing into the officer/team, whichever is practicable, in case of
physiological system of the body. warrantless seizures; Provided, further, that non-
compliance with these requirements under
justifiable grounds, as long as the integrity and the
UNLAWFUL ACTS AND PENALTIES evidentiary value of the seized items are properly
preserved by the apprehending officer/team, shall
Possession of Dangerous Drugs. - The penalty of life not render void and invalid such seizures of and
imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five custody over said items;
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten (b) Within twenty-four (24) hours upon
million pesos (P10,000,000.00) confiscation/seizure of dangerous drugs, plant
a. 10 grams or more of opium; sources of dangerous drugs, controlled precursors
b. 10 grams or more of morphine; and essential chemicals, as well as instruments/
c. 10 grams or more of heroin; paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment, the
d. 10 grams or more of cocaine or cocaine same shall be submitted to the PDEA Forensic
hydrochloride; Laboratory for a qualitative and quantitative
examination;
-criminator_budz// [jonathan r. budaden]
 Saint Mary’s University_Criminology Review Center 9
Subject: Drug Education & Vice Control

(c) A certification of the forensic laboratory trial prosecutor shall inform the Board of the final
examination results, which shall be done under oath termination of the case and, in turn, shall request the
by the forensic laboratory examiner, shall be issued court for leave to turn over the said representative
within twenty-four (24) hours after the receipt of the sample/s to the PDEA for proper disposition and
subject item/s: Provided, that when the volume of destruction within twenty-four (24) hours from
the dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous receipt of the same;
drugs, and controlled precursors and essential
chemicals does not allow the completion of testing
within the time frame, a partial laboratory Exemption from the Criminal Liability Under the
examination report shall be provisionally issued Voluntary Submission Program. - A drug dependent
stating therein the quantities of dangerous drugs under the voluntary submission program, who is
still to be examined by the forensic laboratory: finally discharged from confinement, shall be
Provided, however, that a final certification shall be
exempt from the criminal liability under Section 15 of
issued on the completed forensic laboratory
examination on the same within the next twenty- the Act subject to the following conditions:
four (24) hours; (a) He/she has complied with the rules and
(d) After the filing of the criminal case, the regulations of the Center, the applicable rules and
court shall, within seventy-two (72) hours, conduct regulations of the Board, including the after-care and
an ocular inspection of the confiscated, seized follow-up program for at least eighteen (18) months
and/or surrendered dangerous drugs, plant sources following temporary discharge from confinement in
of dangerous drugs, and controlled precursors and the Center or, in the case of a drug dependent
essential chemicals, including the placed under the care of the DOH-accredited
instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory physician, the after-care program and follow-up
equipment, and through the PDEA shall, within schedule formulated by the DSWD and approved by
twenty- four (24) hours thereafter, proceed with the the Board: Provided, that capability-building of local
destruction or burning of the same, in the presence government social workers shall be undertaken by
of the accused or the person/s from whom such the DSWD;
items were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her (b) He/she has never been charged or
representative or counsel, a representative from the convicted of any offense punishable under the Act,
media and the DOJ, civil society groups and any the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 or Republic Act No.
elected public official. The Board shall draw up the 6425, as amended; the Revised Penal Code, as
guidelines on the manner of proper disposition and amended; or any special penal laws;
destruction of such item/s which shall be borne by (c) He/she has no record of escape from a
the offender: Provided, that those item/s of lawful Center: Provided, that had he/she escaped, he/she
commerce, as determined by the Board, shall be surrendered by himself/herself or through his/her
donated, used or recycled for legitimate purposes; parent, spouse, guardian or relative within the
Provided, further, that a representative sample, duly fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity, within one
weighed and recorded is retained; (1) week from the date of the said escape; and
(e) The Board shall then issue a sworn (d) He/she poses no serious danger to
certification as to the fact of destruction or burning himself/herself, his/her family or the community by
of the subject item/s which, together with the his/her exemption from criminal liability.
representative sample/s in the custody of the PDEA,
shall be submitted to the court having jurisdiction
over the case. In cases of seizures where no person Privilege of Suspended Sentence to be Availed of
is apprehended and no criminal case is filed, the Only Once by a First-Time Minor Offender. - The
PDEA may order the immediate destruction or privilege of suspended sentence shall be availed of
burning of seized dangerous drugs and controlled only once by an accused drug dependent who is a
precursors and essential chemicals under guidelines
first-time offender over fifteen (15) years of age at
set by the Board. In all instances, the representative
the time of the commission of the violation of
sample/s shall be kept to a minimum quantity as
determined by the Board; Section 15 of the Act but not more than eighteen
(f) The alleged offender or his/her (18) years of age at the time when judgment should
representative or counsel shall be allowed to have been promulgated.
personally observe all of the above proceedings and
his/her presence shall not constitute an admission of Probation or Community Service for a First-Time
guilt. In case the said offender or accused refuses or Minor Offender in Lieu of Imprisonment. - Upon
fails to appoint a representative after due notice in promulgation of the sentence, the court may, in its
writing to the accused or his/her counsel within discretion, place the accused under probation, even
seventy-two (72) hours before the actual burning or if the sentence provided under the Act is higher than
destruction of the evidence in question, the that provided under existing law on probation, or
Secretary of Justice shall appoint a member of the
impose community service in lieu of imprisonment. In case
public attorney’s office to represent the former;
of probation, the supervision and rehabilitative
(g) After the promulgation and judgment in
surveillance shall be undertaken by the Board through the
the criminal case wherein the representative
DOH in coordination with the Board of Pardons and Parole
sample/s was presented as evidence in court, the
and the Probation Administration. Upon compliance with
-criminator_budz// [jonathan r. budaden]
 Saint Mary’s University_Criminology Review Center 10
Subject: Drug Education & Vice Control

the conditions of the probation, the Board shall submit a drug campaign to be appointed by the President
written report to the court recommending termination of of the Philippines.
probation and a final discharge of the probationer,
whereupon the court shall issue such an order.
The Director of the NBI and the Chief of the PNP
shall be the permanent consultants of the Board, and
DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD AND shall attend all the meetings of the Board.
PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
THE PHILIPPINE
The Dangerous Drugs Board. – The Board shall be the DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY (PDEA)
policy-making and strategy-formulating body in the
To carry out the provisions of the Act, the PDEA,
planning and formulation of policies and programs on drug
which serves as the implementing arm of the Board, shall
prevention and control. It shall develop and adopt a
be responsible for the efficient and effective law
comprehensive, integrated, unified and balanced national
enforcement of all the provisions on any dangerous drug
drug abuse prevention and control strategy. It shall be
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical as
under the Office of the President.
provided in the Act.
Composition of the Board. – The Board shall be composed
The PDEA shall be headed by a Director General
of seventeen (17) members wherein three (3) of which are
with the rank of Undersecretary, who shall be responsible
permanent members, the other twelve (12) members shall
for the general administration and management of the
be in an ex-officio capacity and the two (2) shall be regular
Agency. The Director General of the PDEA shall be
members.
appointed by the President of the Philippines and shall
The three (3) permanent members, who shall perform such other duties that may be assigned to
possess at least seven-year training and experience in the him/her. He/she must possess adequate knowledge,
field of dangerous drugs and in any of the following fields: training and experience in the field of dangerous drugs,
law, medicine, criminology, psychology or social work, and in any of the following fields: law enforcement, law,
shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines. The medicine, criminology, psychology or social work.
President shall designate a Chairperson, who shall have
the rank of a secretary from among the three (3)
The PDEA Academy. - Upon the approval of the
permanent members who shall serve for six (6) years. Of
Board, the PDEA Academy shall be established either in
the two (2) other members, who shall both have the rank
of undersecretary, one (1) shall serve for four (4) years and Baguio or Tagaytay City, and in such other places as may
the other for two (2) years. Thereafter, the persons be necessary. The PDEA Academy shall be responsible in
appointed to succeed such members shall hold office for a the recruitment and training of all PDEA agents and
term of six (6) years and until their successors shall have personnel. The Board shall provide for the qualifications
been duly appointed and qualified. and requirements of its recruits who must be at least
The other twelve (12) members who shall be ex- twenty-one (21) years old, of proven integrity and honesty
officio members of the Board are the following: and a Baccalaureate degree holder.
 Secretary of the Department of Justice or his/her
representative; The Academy shall be headed by a Superintendent, with
 Secretary of the Department of Health or his/her the rank of Director. He/she shall be appointed by the
representative; PDEA Director General.
 Secretary of the Department of National Defense or
his/her representative;
 Secretary of the Department of Finance or his/her
representative;
 Secretary of the Department of Labor and
Employment or his/her representative.
 Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local
Government or his/her representative;
 Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and
Development or his/her representative;
 Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs or
his/her representative;
 Secretary of the Department of Education or his/her
representative;
 Chairperson of the Commission on Higher Education
or his/her representative;
 Chairperson of the National Youth Commission; and
 Director General of the Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency.

The two (2) regular members shall be as follows:

 The president of the Integrated Bar of the

Philippines; and
 The chairperson or president of a non-
government organization involved in dangerous
-criminator_budz// [jonathan r. budaden]