DRUG

EDUCATION
Dr. Ariel C. Manlusoc
College Dean / Review Director
 Drugs
 Any chemically active substance
rendering a specific effect on the
central nervous system of man.
 A chemical substance that affects the
functions of living cells and alters body
or mind processes when taken into the
body or applied through the skin.
 Is a chemical substance that brings
about physical, emotional or behavioral
change in a person taking it.
 When are drugs harmful?
 Any drug may be harmful when taken
in:
Excess;
Dangerous combinations;
By hypersensitive (allergic)
person
 Drug Abuse
=Is the overuse or consumption of drugs
other than for medical reasons.
=Any non-medical use of drugs that cause
physical, psychological, legal, economic,
or social damage to the user or to the
people affected by the user’s behavior.
= Using drugs without prescription.
= Abuse of drugs and other substances can
lead to physical and psychological
dependence.
 THE GANG OF THREE (3)
 S- Smoking
 A- Alcoholism
 D- Drugs
TOBACCO
(Cigarettes) and
Alcohol are “gateway”
drugs. No Child and or
adolescent ever smoke
marihuana without
learning how to inhale
tobacco smoke first.
Ask a drug abuser
whether or not they
started with aocohol, or
cigarette; the answer is
always “YES”.
 SMOKING
 S- Suicide by Installment
 M- Much money are wasted
 O - Organs of the body are injured
 K- Kills both smokers and non smokers
(Killing me softly)
 I - Infants are poisoned.
 N - Nervous system deranged
 G - God’s Temple is ruin (defiled) 1 Cor
3:16,17
Smokers’ Bio-data
 My name is Philip Moris, My
brothers are Dunhill and
Salem. I live in Marlboro
City, USA, my favorite game
is Bowling Green. My
greatest opponent is
Winston. I need to practice
More. If it is my Fortune, I
may win this competition. I
just Hope and pray that
Mighty Father will help me
become Champion
someday. Mark my word.
Tobacco Chemicals
Effects of Tobacco Use
 Alcohol
 About 18.7 million people, or 7.7% of the
population, are dependent on or abuse
alcohol, and 12,000 more try it for the first
time every day. Alcoholics Anonymous
has 2 million members – impressive, but
only a small fraction of those who need
help.
 Caffeine
 It’s the most widely used mood-altering
drug in the world and is routinely ingested
by about 80% to 90% of Americans,
primarily through soda and coffee. A daily
brewed cup of joe, with 100 mg of
caffeine, can lead to physical dependence.
Withdrawal symptoms are experienced by
40% to 70% of those trying to quit.
 Tobacco
 There are about 71.5 million users of
tobacco products in the U.S. About 23.4%
of men and 18.5% of women are cigarette
smokers, with cigarette use lowest in
Western states and highest in the
Midwest; 44.3% of young adults ages 18
to 25 use tobacco, the highest rate of any
age group.
 Drugs
 An estimated 3.6 million people are
dependent on drugs. On average, 8,000
try them for the first time each day, and
700,000
Opened are undergoing treatment for
addiction. More than half of first-time users
are female and younger than 18.
Marijuana, cocaine and pain relivers are
the leading drugs of abuse.
 Common reasons why people turn
to drug abuse

 Parental influences- unhappy home,

parents showing little or no interest in
their children, Abuses committed by
parents such as harsh physical
punishments; Lack of parental values;
parents who are permissive and liberal;
parental neglect; domestic violence; role
modeling.
 Peer influences- Drug using friends
encourage, pressure even, a youth to
experiment with drugs.

 Personality Factors- Curiosity or the desire to

experience a new state of consciousness;
Escape from physical and mental pain, relief
from boredom and frustration, and desire to
escape from harsh realities; unable to
conform with social standards; weak
personality or low sense of self esteem.
 PER-SON-AL-ITY = HE²
 HEREDITY = the  EDUCATION
transmission of = the sum total of
physical and mental the dissimulation
traits from the acquired from
parents to the formal learning
offspring. in an institution.
 ENVIRONMENT = the
sum total of the
dissimulation acquired
from the person’s
surroundings.
 Causes of Drug Abuses
 Lack of parental guidance
 Peer pressure
 Curiosity
 Weak personality
 Desire to escape from reality
 Frustration (due to personal, family or work
problems)
 Boredom
 Poor self-image
 Habituation- A form of psychological
dependence, characterized by continuous
desire for a drug. A person believes that the
drug is needed to function at work or home
because drugs often produces an elated/
excited emotional state.

 Addiction- a form of physical dependence,

severe craving for the drug even to the point
of interfering with the person’s ability to
function normally.
 Drug Dependence
 Characterized by the compulsion to use a drug to
experience psychological or physical effects
despite deterioration in health, work, and social
activities.

 It is a cluster of physiological, behavioral and

cognitive phenomena of variable intensity in
which the use of psychoactive drug takes on a
high priority thereby involving, among others a
strong desire or a sense of compulsion to take
the substance and the difficulties in controlling
substance taking behavior in terms of its onset,
termination, or levels of use. (RA 9165) WHO
 Forms of Drug Dependence

 Tolerance- A form of physical

dependence, occurs when the body
becomes accustomed to a drug as
the drug is repeatedly taken in the
same dose. It now requires ever-
increasing larger doses to achieve the
same desired effect. Tendency to
increase dosage to maintain the
same effect in the body.
 Types of Drug Dependence
 Physical Dependence- can only be
discernible when drug intake is decreased
or stopped and an involuntary illness
called the withdrawal syndrome occurs.

 Psychological Dependence- Exhibited

when a user relies on a drug to achieve a
feeling of well- being. The most extreme
from of this is the obsession of the user
with the drug, thus focusing virtually all his
interest and activity on obtaining and using
 In the brains of addicts, there is reduced
activity in the prefrontal cortex, where
rational thought can override impulsive
behavior.
 Addiction has a specific definition: You
are unable to stop when you want to,
despite (being) aware of the adverse
consequences. It permeates your life;
you spend more time satisfying (your
craving).
 Addiction is not just about substances.
Addiction is about disrupting the processing of
pleasure; the balance point is shifted so you
keep creating more and more urges, and you
keep wanting more and more.

 Addiction occur when behaviors start to

become excessive. They are driven by our
systems that stand up, shake us and say, “The
brain is saying this is good; we should do it
again”.
“Of 43 foreign terrorist
organizations, 19 are
linked to the global drug
trade.”
According to Michael Braun,
Chief of Operations, US DEA
At “SOUTH2008” Conference 12/2008
“25 per cent of terrorism
is being funded by the
money generated by
trafficking of narcotic
drugs.”
MK Sharma, zonal director,
Indian Narcotics Control Bureau,
Jammu and Kashmir
Quoted at conference at Univ of Jammu
2008
 What drugs are commonly abuse?
 Drugs that are commonly abused depending
on their pharmacological effects may be
classified into:
 Stimulants = drugs which increase
alertness and physical disposition. E.g.
Amphetamine, Cocaine, Caffeine, Nicotine.
 Hallucinogens ( also known as
Psychedelics) = drugs which affects
sensation, thinking, self-awareness and
emotion. E.g. LSD, Mescaline and
Marijuana.
 Sedatives = drugs which may reduce
anxiety and excitement. E.g.
Barbiturates, Tranquilizers, Alcohol

 Narcotics = drugs that relieve pain

and often induce sleep. E.g. Opium
and its derivatives such as Morphine,
Codeine, Herein.
Countries and Production
Colombia :
Coca/Cocaine
Afghanistan :
Opium
Burma/Laos/Thailand:
Opium
Philippines :
Methamphetmine/Shabu
 Golden Triangle (Opium)
 Borders of Burma, Laos and Thailand

 Golden Crescent (Heroin)

 Iran, Pakistan and Afganistan
 Drugs and Crime
 In one study, it was estimated that between 35
percent and 40 percent of New York’s homicides
are drug related (Siegel and Senna, 1997).

 In another study conducted in Miami, 573

narcotics users annually committed more than
200,000 crimes, including 6,000 robberies,
6,700 burglaries, and 70,000 larceny offenses.
 A similar study conducted showed that
a sample of 356 addicts were found to be
responsible for 118,000 crimes committed
every year. According to one observation,
the estimated half a million heroin addicts
in the U.S. at the time of the study, could
be committing more than 100 million
crimes annually, and these do not include
crimes committed by those addicts which
abuse drugs other than narcotics (Siegel
and Senna, 1997).
Considering that there are 1.8 million
regular users (drug addicts) and 1.6 million
occasional users of dangerous drugs in
the country or a total of 3.4 million, based
on the 1999 survey of the Dangerous
Drugs Board (DDB), we can estimate that
more than 360 million crimes are
committed every year in this country by
the 1.8 regular drug abusers alone. This
does not include crimes that may be
committed by 1.6 occasional users.
 Some of Recognizable Signs of Drug
 Sudden shift in attitudes
Abuseand demeanor
 Mood swings
 Highly excitable and displays fits of rage and
aggression
 Unusual effort to conceal needle marks.
 Wearing dark eyeglasses to conceal constricted
or dilated pupils and bloodshot eyes
 Sudden regression from usual and normal
capabilities
 Neglect of personal grooming, hygiene and
appearance
 Engaging in petty crimes to support illicit habit
 Association with known drug users
 Malnutrition = the lives of drug
dependents revolve around drug abuse.
They miss their regular meals because
they loss their appetite.
 Panic Reaction = the loss of thought
processes can cause panic reactions or
feelings of invulnerability. Both of these
states can lead to injury and death.
Prolonged harmful reactions include
anxiety and depressive states, or breaks
with reality which may last from a few
days to months.
 Physical Damages = In addition to those
diseases which accompany the use of
unsterile syringes and contaminated drugs
may cause certain medical problems. Such
as:
 Liver and Kidney Damage due to large
dosage;
 Neglect personal hygiene;
 Kidney failure;
 Hepatitis;
 Drastic weight loss; and
 Vitamin deficiencies
 What can a person do to prevent drug
abuse?
 Understand your own self. Accept and respect
yourself for what you are.
 Develop your potentials. Engage in wholesome,
productive and fulfilling activities. (make yourself
busy)
 Maintain good physical and mental health.
 Use drugs properly.
 Develop strong moral and spiritual foundation.
 Learn to cope with your problems and other
stresses without the use of drugs.
 Learn to relate effectively to whom you can
communicate your problems freely.
 Seek professional help if you feel you cannot cope
with your problems.
“WHAT WE ARE IS GOD’S GIFT
TO US.
WHAT WE BECOME IS OUR GIFT
TO GOD”
 CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE -
The Controlled Substance Act of
1970 separates drugs that maybe
abused into five Categories
(Schedule) based on the use and
biological effects of the drugs.
 Controlled Substance
 Schedule 1 – Almost all the drugs in this
schedule are illegal. All have a high potential
for dependence and abuse, and it is illegal to
have them in your possession. Ex. Heroin,
LSD, Mj

 Schedule 2 – These drugs are highly

addictive but, despite the risk, they remain in
medical use because no satisfactory non-
addictive alternative medication is available.
Ex. Cocaine, AMP, morphine and
barbiturates.
 Schedule 3 – this schedule includes drugs
that have some potential for abuse or
dependence. Ex. Acetaminophen or
aspirin with codeine and some appetite
suppressants.
 Schedule 4 – These drugs are considered
less likely to cause dependence or to be
abused as much as the drugs in Schedule
3.
Ex. Diazepam, Chloral Hydrate,
Phenobarbital
 Schedule 5 – These drugs are
included in the regulations because
they contain small amounts of
narcotics and are least likely to be
abused. Ex. Some anti diarrhea
medications and cough medicines.
 Types of dangerous Drugs
 Depressants- Also known as “downers”,
are drugs which act on and depresses the
central nervous system causing initial
relaxation leading to drowsiness and
sleep. Used of downers results to
impairment of judgment, hearing, speech
and muscle coordination. They dull the
minds, slow down the body reaction to
such extend that accidental deaths and
suicides usually happen. E.g.
Depressants
 Types of depressants
 Narcotics- The term narcotic basically
refers to drugs that produces a
depressant effect on the CNS.
Medically they are potent pain killers,
cough suppressant and active
component of anti-diarrhea
preparations. Narcotics relieves pain by
acting on specific structures, called
receptors, located on the nerve cells of
the spinal cord or brain. The usual
method of administering these drugs
into the body is by injecting, ingestion
 Opium- Refers to the flowering plant of
the species papaver somniferum. It is
derived from the oriental poppy plant
which is grown in Asia and can also be
found in other areas such as Mexico.
The plant is usually 3 or 4 feet high, raw
opium is dark brown in color and is
bitter in taste. A number of alkaloids
are derived from this substance, the
most of which are morphine, heroin,
and codeine. The plant displays a
beautiful flower that ranges in color
from white to purple.
 Morphine- It is the most important
alkaloids and constitutes about 10
% of the use raw opium. It is
converted from raw opium through
a relatively simple boiling and
filtering process. One of the most
significant development in history
took place in the early 19th century,
when Friedrich Serturner, a
German scientist isolated
 Heroin- It is the most commonly
abused narcotic in the world. To
produce heroin, the chemist takes an
equal amount of morphine and acetic
anhydride and heats them together
for six hours. It was discovered by
Alder Wright (1896), a British chemist.
It promised to cure addiction from
opium and morphine. It is a white,
 Cont.

 Codeine- Also known as Methylmorphine.

It is similar to morphine , but its effect is
weaker in intensity. Cough preparations
generally contain one grain of codeine per
fluid ounce. It is also available in tablet or
powder form. It was isolated from
morphine in the year 1832.
 Cont.

 Methadone- a synthetic narcotic used as

treatment of heroin dependence but also
fallen to abused. Other than methadone,
other most commonly known synthetic
opiate substitute are meperidine (demerol)
and darvon.
 Effects of Narcotics

 Produced a short lived feeling of pleasure,

euphoria and a positive sense of well being
known as “thrill”, “rush”, or “high”.
 Constrict pupil of the eye causing difficulty in
vision
 On a large dose, it causes nausea, vomiting,
and difficulty in breathing
 It induces sleep with a slow, shallow respiration
 Overdose cause convulsion, followed by
cessation of respiration leading to death
 Stimulants
 Drugs which induce alertness,
wakefulness, elevated mood,
increased speech, mental and motor
activity, relieve fatigue or boredom
and decreased appetite. E.g. Shabu,
Cocaine, Ecstasy
 Cocaine- The drug taken from the
coca bush plant. (Ertyroxylon coca)
which usually grows in South
America. Cocaine, in its pure form, is
also white and made up of shiny,
colorless crystal and understably
called “snow” in the junkie jargon. It
is one of the strongest short acting
stimulants.
 Cont.

 Amphetamines- usually prescribed to reduce

appetite and to relieve minor cases of mental
depression. This drug is representative of a
broad class of stimulants known as “pep pills”.
The most common and widely used preparations
of the drug are methamphetamine,
amphetamine sulfate, dextroamphetamine,
which are known and sold under such trade
names as Benzedrine, and Dexedrine. These
drugs achieve their effect by increasing the
amount and activity of the neurotransmitter
(noradrenaline) within the brain thus causing
psychic effects.
 Cont.
 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine - (MDMA)-
It is commonly known as “Ecstasy” It is a white,
yellow or brown in color with a bitter taste and
comes in the form of either a tablet, capsule or
powder. Its tablet form comes in various designs
and shapes hence it is dubbed as “designer
drugs”. It was first became popular in the US as
recreational drug, followed later by European
and eventually gained popularity in other parts
of the world including in the Philippines. Owing
to its expensiveness, most abusers are
categorized among the elites, yuppies (young
urban professionals) and nocturnal party goers.
 Cont.

 Methamphetamine hydrochloride-
Commonly known as “shabu”. It is a white
odorless and crystalline powder with bitter
taste. It is popularly known as poor man’s
cocaine. It is considered as the most
abused stimulants in the Philippines. At
present, this chemical has no known
medically acceptable use.
 Effects of Stimulants
(Amphetamines)
 Causes irritability, restlessness, hyperactivity, anxiety
etc.
 Impairs judgment and causes deep depression and
physical exhaustion after single dose of moderate
strength wears off
 Causes undesirable, acute psychotic consequences
such as suspiciousness, hostility, persecutory delusions,
violent and destructive behavior and recklessness
 Physiological effects like hypertension, chest pain,
irregular heart rate, convulsion and cardiac arrest
leading to death.
 Hallucinogens
 more popularly known as psychedelics, is a
group of natural or synthetic psychoactive drugs
that produce reactions such as perceptual
alterations and changes in the state of
consciousness. These drugs generally produced
marked distortion of the senses and alter the
way time is perceived by the user. They produce
hallucinations or visions, hence the name.
Chronic use lead to bizarre and anti-social
thoughts as well as to disorientation and
confusion. These drugs work by exciting the
CNS and inhibiting the flow of serotonin, an
important neurotransmitter in the brain.
 Common Types of Hallucinogens
 Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)- a
compound produced from lysergic acid, a
crystalline substance derived from the
fungus claviceps purpurea which infects
wheat. It was discovered by Dr. Albert
Hoffman while working in a Swiss
Pharmaceutical company. Known on the
street as “acid”, it is the best known and
most potent hallucinogens.
 Cont.

 Mescaline- aka STP which stands for

serenity- tranquility- peace- a drug derived
from the dried tops of the peyote cactus, a
small cactus native to Mexico.
 Psilocybin- hallucinogenic compound
obtained in mushroom, psilocybe
mexicana.
 Cont.

 Phencyclidine (PCP)- considered as a

menace and highly dangerous drug
because it can be easily synthesized, this
drug has no medical purpose for humans
but it is occasionally used by veterinarians
as an anesthetic and sedative for animals.
It is popularly known as angel dust.
 Cont.

 Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa)- Marijuana is a

Mexican term meaning pleasurable feeling. It is
a mixed preparation of the flowering tops,
leaves, seeds, and stem of the hemp plant. The
plant may grow from 3 to 10 ft high. The
flowering tops of both male and female plant
produce a sticky resin which contains
Tetrahydrocannabinol or THC. It is known as the
world oldest cultivated drugs used by the incas
of Peru.
 Effects of Marijuana
 Faster hear beat and pulse rate
 Blood shot eye
 Dry mouth and throat
 Altered sense of time or disorientation
 Forgetfulness and inability to think
 Impaired reflexes/ coordination
 Acute panic – anxiety reaction- extreme fear of
losing control
Analysis and Identification of Unknown Substances
Unknown
(solid/liquid)

Physical Tests

Chemical Tests
TLC

Instrumentation (UV, IR,

GC/MS & Others)

Reporting

Sealing and Safekeeping of

evidence
 Chemical Tests
Physical Tests
Marquis Test –
Amphetamines
weight / volume
Simon’s Test –
Appearance: color,
Methamphetamines
texture,
Chen-Kao’s Test- Ephedrine
odor, homogeneity
Cobalt Thiocyanate Test-
pH
Ephedrine
Solubility
HNO3 Test- Opium Alkaloids
microscopic
Zwikker’s Test- Barbiturates
FBS Test- Marihuana
Micro-Diffusion Test- Volatile
Substance
Field Test for Dangerous Drugs
 Marijuana- Duquenois- Levine test (Red)
 Shabu- Symone’s test (purple)
 LSD- Van urk test (Blue purple)
 Opium- Marquis Test (violet)
 Amphetamines- Marquis test ( red/ orange)
 Barbiturates- Dilli Koppanyi/ Zwikkers test
(violet/ blue)
 Cocaine- Cobalt thiocynate (blue)
 National Drug Situation
 As early as 1996, the United Nation has noted the rising
popularity of amphetamine- type stimulants (ATS)
among drug users, and termed ATS as the “Drugs of the
21st Century”. In its 2005 world drug report, The UN
office on Drugs and crime reported that the largest
number of methamphetamine clandestine laboratories
dismantled in East and south East Asia in 2003 was
recorded by the Philippines. In a survey conducted by
the DDB in 1999, there were around 1.8 million regular
users and 1.6 million occasional users of Dangerous
drugs in the country. In 2004, the country’s rehabilitation
centers reported 5, 787 admissions reflecting a
decreased of 32% compared with 7, 113 admission in
the previous year. Statistics from these rehabilitation
centers show the following trends:
 1. majority of patients are in the 20- 29 age group
 The ratio of male users to female is 9:1
 Shabu is the most popular drug of choice, abused by
84% of patients
 The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
 For thirty years, RA 6425, otherwise known as
the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972, had been the
backbone of the Philippine drug Law
enforcement system. Recognizing the need to
strengthen or replaced the existing anti- drug
laws, Pres. Gloria Arroyo signed RA 9165 or
the Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of
2002, on June 7, 2002 and it took effect on July
4, 2002. The new anti- drug law defines more
concrete course of action for the national anti-
drug campaign and imposes heavier penalties
on offenders.
 Cont.
 The enactment of RA 9165 as reorganized the
Philippine Drug Law Enforcement System. While
the DDB remains as the policy making body, it
created the PDEA under the office of the Pres.
The new law also abolished the National Drug
Law Enforcement and Prevention Coordinating
Center, PNP Nargrp, NBI narcotics unit, and the
customs interdiction office. Personnel of these
abolished agencies were to continue to perform
their tasks on detail service with the PDEA
subject to a rigid screening process.
 Cont.

 The PDEA was officially activated on July

30, 2002 when the Pres. Appointed its
first director Gen, Undersec. Anselmo
Avenido Jr. One year after the creation of
the PDEA, the Pres. Issued E.O. 218 on
June 18, 2003 to strengthen the support
mechanism for the PDEA as the lead
agency in the campaign against illegal
drugs. The PNP organized the PNP
AIDSOTF, NBI Anti- drug task force.
 Definition of Terms
 Administer = Any act of introducing any
dangerous drugs into the body of any
person, with or without his/her knowledge,
by injection, inhalation, ingestion or other
means, or of committing any act of
indispensable assistance to a person in
administering a dangerous drug to
himself/herself unless administered by
any duly licensed practitioner for purposes
of medication.
 Use. – Any act of injecting, intravenously or
intramuscularly, of consuming, either by
chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating,
swallowing, drinking or otherwise
introducing into the physiological system of
the body, and of the dangerous drugs.
 Deliver. – Any act of knowingly passing a
dangerous drug to another, personally or
otherwise, and by any means, with or
without consideration.
 Dispense. – Any act of giving away, selling
or distributing medicine or any dangerous
drug with or without the use of prescription.
 Sell. – Any act of giving away any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical
whether for money or any other consideration.
 Trading. – Transactions involving the illegal
trafficking of dangerous drugs and/or controlled
precursors and essential chemicals using electronic
devices such as, but not limited to, text messages,
email, mobile or landlines, two-way radios, internet,
instant messengers and chat rooms or acting as a
broker in any of such transactions whether for
money or any other consideration in violation of this
Act.
 Pusher. – Any person who sells, trades,
administers, dispenses, delivers or gives away to
another, on any terms whatsoever, or distributes,
dispatches in transit or transports dangerous drugs
or who acts as a broker in any of such transactions,
in violation of this Act.
 Protector/Coddler. – Any person who knowingly and
willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided for in
this Act and uses his/her influence, power or
position in shielding, harboring, screening or
facilitating the escape of any person he/she knows,
or has reasonable grounds to believe on or
suspects, has violated the provisions of this Act in
order to prevent the arrest, prosecution and
conviction of the violator.
 Screening Test. – A rapid test performed to
establish potential/presumptive positive
result.
 Confirmatory Test. – An analytical test using
a device, tool or equipment with a different
chemical or physical principle that is more
specific which will validate and confirm the
result of the screening test.
 Chemical Diversion. – The sale, distribution,
supply or transport of legitimately imported,
in-transit, manufactured or procured
controlled precursors and essential
chemicals, in diluted, mixtures or in
concentrated form, to any person or entity
engaged in the manufacture of any dangerous
drug, and shall include packaging,
repackaging, labeling, relabeling or
concealment of such transaction through
fraud, destruction of documents, fraudulent
use of permits, misdeclaration, use of front
companies or mail fraud.
 Clandestine Laboratory. – Any facility used for
the illegal manufacture of any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical.
 Confirmatory Test. – An analytical test using a
device, tool or equipment with a different
chemical or physical principle that is more
specific which will validate and confirm the
result of the screening test.
 Republic Act 9165
Some Pertinent Provisions of
Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of
2002
 Section 4. Importation of Dangerous
Drugs
 Penalty-
 life imprisonment and fine ranging from
Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00)
Importation of any controlled precursor and
essential chemical

 Penalty-
 imprisonment ranging from twelve (12)
years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years
and a fine ranging from One hundred
thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00)
Maximum penalty for the following:
 import or bring into the Philippines any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical through the use of a
diplomatic passport, diplomatic facilities or any
other means involving his/her official status
intended to facilitate the unlawful entry of the
same.
 organizes, manages or acts as a "financier" of
any of the illegal activities
Sec 4"protector/coddler" of any violator of
the provisions under this Section.

 penalty -
 twelve (12) years and one (1) day to
twenty (20) years of imprisonment and a
fine ranging from One hundred thousand
pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00)
 Section 5. Sale, Trading, Administration,
Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and
Transportation of Dangerous Drugs
 Penalty-
 life imprisonment and fine ranging from
Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00)
 Section 5. Sale, Trading, Administration,
Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and
Transportation of Controlled precursors and
essential chemicals
 penalty –
 imprisonment ranging from twelve (12)
years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years
and a fine ranging from One hundred
thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00)
 Sec 5. Maximum penalty for the
following:
 transpires within one hundred (100) meters from
the school
 Used of minor or a mentally incapacitated
individual, or should a dangerous drug and/or a
controlled precursor and essential chemical
involved in any offense herein provided be the
proximate cause of death of a victim.
 Financier
 Section 6. Maintenance of a Den,
Dive or Resort involving
 penalty –
dangerous drugs
 life imprisonment and a fine ranging from Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00)
 The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12)
years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine
ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person or
group of persons who shall maintain a den, dive, or
resort where any controlled precursor and essential
chemical is used or sold in any form.
 Section 7 Employees and Visitors
of a Den, Dive or Resort
 12 years and 1 day to 20 years (100,000.00 to
500,000.00).
 (a) Any employee of a den, dive or resort, who is
aware of the nature of the place as such; and
 (b) Any person who, not being included in the
provisions of the next preceding, paragraph, is
aware of the nature of the place as such and shall
knowingly visit the same
 Section 8. Manufacture of
Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled
Precursors and Essential
Chemicals
 Penalty for Manufacture of Dangerous drugs- life
imprisonment and a fine ranging from Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten
million pesos (P10,000,000.00)
 Penalty for manufacture any controlled
precursor and essential chemical - The penalty
of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years
and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine
ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00)
 Note:
 The presence of any controlled precursor
and essential chemical or laboratory
equipment in the clandestine laboratory is
a prima facie proof of manufacture of any
dangerous drug.
 aggravating circumstance if the clandestine
laboratory is established under the following
circumstances:
 conducted in the presence or with the help of
minor/s:
 established within one hundred (100) meters of
a residential, business, church or school
premises
 secured or protected with booby traps
 concealed with legitimate business operations
 employment of a practitioner, chemical engineer,
public official or foreigner
Art 9 –Illegal Chemical Diversion of Controlled
precursors and Essential Chemicals
 The penalty of imprisonment ranging from
twelve (12) years and one (1) day to
twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from
One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed
upon any person, who, unless authorized
by law, shall illegally divert any controlled
precursor and essential chemical.
 Section 10. Manufacture or Delivery of
Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus, and Other
Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs and/or
Controlled Precursors and Essential
Chemicals.
 Sec 11. Possession of Dangerous Drugs
 Possession of Dangerous Drugs
regardless of purity- penalty provided life
imprisonment and a fine ranging from Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to
Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00)
 10 grams or more of opium, morphine,
heroin, cocaine/ cocaine hydrochloride,
marijuana resin or oil, LSD, GHB, MDMA,
 50 grams or more of shabu
 500 grams or more of marijuana
 Cont. Sec 11
 Penalty-Life imprisonment and fine ranging
from Php 400,000.00 to Php 500,000.00
 If the quantity of shabu is ten (10) grams but not
more than 50 grams
 Penalty- Imprisonment of 20 years and 1 day to
life imprisonment and fine ranging from Php
400,000.00 to Php 500,000.00
 If 5 grams or more but less than 10 grams of
any Dangerous Drugs
 300 grams or more of marijuana but less than
500 grams
 Cont. Sec 11
 Penalty- imprisonment of 12 years and 1
day to 20 years and a fine ranging from
Php 300,000.00 to Php 400,000.00
 If the quantity of dangerous drugs are less
than 5 grams.
 If the quantity of Marijuana is less than
300 grams.
 Section 12. Possession of Equipment,
instrument, apparatus and other
paraphernalia for dangerous drugs
 Penalty-imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and
one (1) day to four (4) years and a fine ranging from Ten
thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos
(P50,000.00)
 The possession of such equipment, instrument,
apparatus and other paraphernalia fit or intended for any
of the purposes enumerated in the preceding paragraph
shall be prima facie evidence that the possessor has
smoked, consumed, administered to himself/herself,
injected, ingested or used a dangerous drug and shall be
presumed to have violated Section 15 of this Act.
 Section 13. Possession of Dangerous Drugs During Parties,
Social Gatherings or Meetings. – Any person found
possessing any dangerous drug during a party, or at a social
gathering or meeting, or in the proximate company of at least
two (2) persons, shall suffer the maximum penalties provided
for in Section 11 of this Act, regardless of the quantity and
purity of such dangerous drugs.
 Section 14. Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus
and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs During
Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings. - The maximum
penalty provided for in Section 12 of this Act shall be
imposed upon any person, who shall possess or have under
his/her control any equipment, instrument, apparatus and
other paraphernalia fit or intended for smoking, consuming,
administering, injecting, ingesting, or introducing any
dangerous drug into the body, during parties, social
gatherings or meetings, or in the proximate company of at
least two (2) persons.
 Sec 15. Use of Dangerous
Drugs
 Penalty-
 A person apprehended or arrested, who is
found to be positive for use of any
dangerous drug, after a confirmatory test,
shall be imposed a penalty of a minimum
of six (6) months rehabilitation in a
government center for the first offense
 Cont Sec 15
 If apprehended using any dangerous drug for the second
time, he/she shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment
ranging from six (6) years and one (1) day to twelve (12)
years and a fine ranging from Fifty thousand pesos
(P50,000.00) to Two hundred thousand pesos
(P200,000.00): Provided, That this Section shall not be
applicable where the person tested is also found to have
in his/her possession such quantity of any dangerous
drug provided for under Section 11 of this Act, in which
case the provisions stated therein shall apply.
 Sec 16. Cultivation of plants classified
as source of dangerous drugs

 Penalty-
 Life imprisonment and fine ranging from
Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00)
 Section 17. Maintenance and Keeping of Original Records of
Transactions on Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled
Precursors and Essential Chemicals. - The penalty of
imprisonment ranging from one (1) year and one (1) day to
six (6) years and a fine ranging from Ten thousand pesos
(P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any practitioner, manufacturer, wholesaler,
importer, distributor, dealer or retailer who violates or fails to
comply with the maintenance and keeping of the original
records of transactions on any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical in accordance
with Section 40 of this Act.
 An additional penalty shall be imposed through the
revocation of the license to practice his/her profession, in
case of a practitioner, or of the business, in case of a
manufacturer, seller, importer, distributor, dealer or retailer.
 Section 18. Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous
Drugs. – The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve
(12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine
ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to
Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) and the
additional penalty of the revocation of his/her license to
practice shall be imposed upon the practitioner, who shall
prescribe any dangerous drug to any person whose physical
or physiological condition does not require the use or in the
dosage prescribed therein, as determined by the Board in
consultation with recognized competent experts who are
authorized representatives of professional organizations of
practitioners, particularly those who are involved in the care
of persons with severe pain.
 Section 19. Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs. –
The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging
from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten
million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any
person, who, unless authorized by law, shall make or issue a
prescription or any other writing purporting to be a
prescription for any dangerous drug.
 Section 20. Confiscation and Forfeiture of the Proceeds or
Instruments of the Unlawful Act, Including the Properties or
Proceeds Derived from the Illegal Trafficking of Dangerous
Drugs and/or Precursors and Essential Chemicals. – Every
penalty imposed for the unlawful importation, sale, trading,
administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution,
transportation or manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical, the cultivation or
culture of plants which are sources of dangerous drugs, and
the possession of any equipment, instrument, apparatus and
other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs including other
laboratory equipment, shall carry with it the confiscation and
forfeiture, in favor of the government, of all the proceeds and
properties derived from the unlawful act, including, but not
limited to, money and other assets obtained thereby, and the
instruments or tools with which the particular unlawful act
was committed, unless they are the property of a third person
not liable for the unlawful act, but those which are not of
lawful commerce shall be ordered destroyed without delay
pursuant to the provisions of Section 21 of this Act.
 After conviction in the Regional Trial Court in the
appropriate criminal case filed, the Court shall
immediately schedule a hearing for the confiscation
and forfeiture of all the proceeds of the offense and
all the assets and properties of the accused either
owned or held by him or in the name of some other
persons if the same shall be found to be manifestly
out of proportion to his/her lawful income: Provided,
however, That if the forfeited property is a vehicle,
the same shall be auctioned off not later than five (5)
days upon order of confiscation or forfeiture.
 During the pendency of the case in the Regional
Trial Court, no property, or income derived
therefrom, which may be confiscated and forfeited,
shall be disposed, alienated or transferred and the
same shall be in custodia legis and no bond shall be
admitted for the release of the same.
 The proceeds of any sale or disposition of any
property confiscated or forfeited under this
Section shall be used to pay all proper
expenses incurred in the proceedings for the
confiscation, forfeiture, custody and
maintenance of the property pending
disposition, as well as expenses for
publication and court costs. The proceeds in
excess of the above expenses shall accrue to
the Board to be used in its campaign against
illegal drugs.
 Section 21. Custody and Disposition of Confiscated,
Seized, and/or Surrendered Dangerous Drugs, Plant
Sources of Dangerous Drugs, Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals, Instruments/Paraphernalia and/or
Laboratory Equipment

 The PDEA shall take charge and have

custody of all dangerous drugs, plant
sources of dangerous drugs, controlled
precursors and essential chemicals, as
well as instruments/paraphernalia and/or
laboratory equipment so confiscated,
seized and/or surrendered, for proper
disposition in the following manner:
 Cont Sec 21
 The apprehending team having initial custody
and control of the drugs shall, immediately after
seizure and confiscation, physically inventory
and photograph the same in the presence of the
accused or the person/s from whom such items
were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her
representative or counsel, a representative from
the media and the Department of Justice (DOJ),
and any elected public official who shall be
required to sign the copies of the inventory and
be given a copy thereof;
 Cont Sec 21
 Within twenty-four (24) hours upon
confiscation/seizure of dangerous drugs, plant
sources of dangerous drugs, controlled
precursors and essential chemicals, as well as
instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory
equipment, the same shall be submitted to the
PDEA Forensic Laboratory for a qualitative and
quantitative examination;
 Cont Sec 21
 A certification of the forensic laboratory
examination results, which shall be done
under oath by the forensic laboratory
examiner, shall be issued within twenty-
four (24) hours after the receipt of the
subject item/s.
 That a final certification shall be issued on
the completed forensic laboratory
examination on the same within the next
twenty-four (24) hours
 After the filing of the criminal case, the Court
shall, within seventy-two (72) hours, conduct an
ocular inspection of the confiscated, seized
and/or surrendered dangerous drugs, and
controlled precursors and essential chemicals,
including the instruments/paraphernalia and/or
laboratory equipment, and through the PDEA
shall:
 within twenty-four (24) hours thereafter proceed
with the destruction or burning of the same, in
the presence of the accused or the person/s
from whom such items were confiscated and/or
seized, or his/her representative or counsel, a
representative from the media and the DOJ, civil
society groups and any elected public official
 Within 24 hrs upon confiscation – deliver to
the PDEA Forensic Laboratory
 Within 24 hrs after receipt – certification shall
be issued .
 If the volume of the drugs would make it
impossible to be finish within 24 hrs, final
certification will be issued within another 24
hrs.
 Within 72 hrs after filing of the Criminal case -
---- court shall conduct ocular inspection.
 Within 24 hours through the PDEA – proceed
to the destruction or burning of the same.
 Section 23. Plea-Bargaining
Provision.
 – Any person charged under any provision
of this Act regardless of the imposable
penalty shall not be allowed to avail of the
provision on plea-bargaining .
 Section 25. Qualifying Aggravating
Circumstances in the Commission of a
Crime by an Offender Under the Influence
of Dangerous Drugs
 Section 29. Criminal Liability for
Planting of Evidence
 . – Any person who is found guilty of
"planting" any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential
chemical, regardless of quantity and
purity, shall suffer the maximum penalty.
Section 38. Laboratory Examination or Test
on Apprehended/Arrested Offenders
 any person apprehended or arrested for
violating the this Act shall be subjected to
screening laboratory examination or test within
twenty-four (24) hours, if the apprehending or
arresting officer has reasonable ground to
believe that the person apprehended or
arrested, on account of physical signs or
symptoms or other visible or outward
manifestation, is under the influence of
dangerous drugs
 Cont Sec 38
 If found to be positive, the results of the screening
laboratory examination or test shall be challenged within
fifteen (15) days after receipt of the result through a
confirmatory test conducted in any accredited analytical
laboratory equipment with a gas chromatograph/mass
spectrometry equipment or some such modern and
accepted method, if confirmed the same shall be prima
facie evidence that such person has used dangerous
drugs, which is without prejudice for the prosecution for
other violations of the provisions of this Act: Provided,
That a positive screening laboratory test must be
confirmed for it to be valid in a court of law
 Participation of the Family, Students,
Teachers and School Authorities in the
Enforcement of this Act
 The family being the basic unit of the
Filipino society shall be primarily
responsible for the education and
awareness of the members of the family
on the ill effects of dangerous drugs and
close monitoring of family members who
may be susceptible to drug abuse.
 With the assistance of the Board, the Department of the
Interior and Local Government (DILG), shall establish in
each of its provincial office a special education drug
center for out-of-school youth and street children. Such
Center which shall be headed by the Provincial Social.
Welfare Development Officer shall sponsor drug
prevention programs and activities and information
campaigns with the end in view of educating the out-of-
school youth and street children regarding the pernicious
effects of drug abuse. The programs initiated by the
Center shall likewise be adopted in all public and private
orphanage and existing special centers for street
children.
 Promotion of a National Drug-Free Workplace Program With the
Participation of Private and Labor Sectors and the Department of
Labor and Employment

 It is deemed a policy of the State to promote drug-

free workplaces using a tripartite approach. With the
assistance of the Board, the Department of Labor
and Employment (DOLE) shall develop, promote and
implement a national drug abuse prevention
program in the workplace to be adopted by private
companies with ten (10) or more employees.
 Program for Treatment and
Rehabilitation of Drug Dependents
 A drug dependent or any person who violates
Section 15 of this Act may, by himself/herself or
through his/her parent, spouse, guardian or relative
within the fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity,
apply to the Board or for treatment and
rehabilitation of the drug dependency. The Board
shall bring forth the matter to the Court which shall
order that the applicant be examined for drug
dependency. If the examination by a DOH-
accredited physician results in the issuance of a
certification that the applicant is a drug dependent,
he/she shall be ordered by the Court to undergo
treatment and rehabilitation in a Center designated
by the Board for a period of not less than six (6)
months
Temporary Release From the Center; After-
Care and Follow-Up Treatment Under the
Voluntary Submission Program.
 Upon certification of the Center that the drug
dependent within the voluntary submission
program may be temporarily released, the Court
shall order his/her release on condition that said
drug dependent shall report to the DOH for after-
care and follow-up treatment, including urine
testing, for a period not exceeding eighteen (18)
months under such terms and conditions that the
Court may impose.
 Dangerous Drug Test
Requirements
The following shall undergo mandatory drug
testing:
 1. applicants for drivers license
 2. applicants for Firearms license & PTCFOR
 3. members of the PNP, AFP, & other LEA
 4. All person charged with criminal offense with
penalty of not less than 6 years.
 5. All candidates for public office national/ local
 Cont.
The following shall undergo random drug
testing:

 1. students of secondary and tertiary

schools
 2. officers and employees of public &
private offices
 Dangerous Drug Board (DDB)

 The policy-making and strategy –

formulating body in the planning and
formulation of policies and programs on
drug prevention and control. (under the
Office of the President)
 It shall be composed of 17 members
wherein 3 of which are permanent
members, the other 12 members shall be
ex- officio capacity and 2 regular
members.
 Three (3) Permanent members
 At least 7 years of training and experience in
the field of the ff: fields in law, medicine,
criminology, psychology or social work.
 Appointed by the president.
 One will be designated as the Chairman with
the rank of Secretary (with the term of 6 years)
and the two other regular members as
undersecretary (one with 4 years term and the
other 2 years but succeeding appointment will
serve six years and until their successors shall
have been duly appointed and qualified.
 12 ex- officio members
 Sec of the following Department
DOJ, DOH, DND, DOF, DOLE, DILG,
DSWD, DFA, DepEd,
 Chairman CHED, NYC
 Dir. Gen PDEA
 Two regular members
 President of Integrated Bar of the
Philippines
 Chairman or President of a non-
government organization involved in
dangerous drug campaign to be appointed
by the President.
 Cont.
 The Director of NBI and C, PNP shall be
the permanent consultant of the DDB.
 Meeting of the Board – once a week or as
often as necessary at the discretion of the
Chairman or at the call of any four other
members. The presence of nine (9) members
shall constitute a quorum.

 Secretariat of the Board

 Executive Director (usec.)- act as Secretary of the
Board and administrative officer of its secretariat.
 Two (2) deputies executive directors ( for
administration and operations (Asst. Sec.)
appointed by the president upon recommendation
of the Board.
 Organization of the Phil. Drug Enforcement
Agency (PDEA)
 ---- Implementing arm of the Board, and shall
be responsible for the efficient and effective
law enforcement of all the provisions on any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor
and essential chemicals as provided in this
act.
 Director General – the Head of the Agency, with
the rank of Undersecretary, who must posses
adequate knowledge and training and experience
in the field of dangerous drugs, and in any of the
following fields: law enforcement, law, medicine,
criminology, psychology or social work.
 Two (2) Deputy Director General (Asst. Secretary)-
one for operation and one for administration
 Organization:
 National Drug Law Enforcement and Prevention
Coordinating Center as created by E.O. 61 shall be
accordingly modified and absorbed by the PDEA.
SERVICES: Intelligence and Investigation, International
Cooperation and Foreign Affairs, Preventive Education
and Community Involvement, Plans and Operations,
Compliance, Legal and Prosecution, Administrative and
Human Resource, Financial Management, Logistic
Management and Internal Affairs.
It shall establish and maintain regional offices in the different
regions .
 The Academy shall be headed by a
Superintendent, with the rank of Director . He
/she shall be appointed by the PDEA Director
General.

 The Narcotics Group of the PNP, the

Narcotics Divisions of the NBI and the
customs narcotics Interdiction Unit are
hereby abolished.
 PDEA Academy – shall be established either
in Baguio or Tagaytay, and in such other
places as may be necessary.
 - responsible in the recruitment and training of all
PDEA agents and personnel
 Recruits must be at least 21 years of age, with
proven integrity and honesty and a Baccalaureate
degree holder.
 The graduates of the Academy shall later
comprise the operating units of the PDEA after
the termination of the transition period of five
years during which all the intelligence network
and standard operating procedure of the PDEA
has been set up and operationalized.
 Transfer, absorption and
integration of all operating unit into
PDEA
 Note: personnel absorbed and on detail
service shall be given until 5 years to
finally decide to join the PDEA.
 Jurisdiction over Dangerous Drug
cases
 The Supreme Court shall designate
special courts from among the existing
RTC in each judicial region to exclusively
try and hear cases involving violation of
RA 9165.

 The DOJ shall designate special

prosecutors to exclusively handle cases
involving violation of RA 9165.
 Responsibility and liability of law
enforcement agencies in testifying as
Prosecution Witness in Dangerous Drug
Cases
 Penalty- 12 years and 1 day to 20 years
and a fine of not less than Php 500,000.00
in addition to the administrative liability.

For any members of law enforcement

agency who, after due notice, fails or
refuses intentionally or negligently to
appear as a witness for prosecution.
 Delay & Bungling in the
Prosecution of Drug Cases.
 Penalty- 12 years and 1 day to 20 years

 For any members of law enforcement

agency who, through patent laxity
inexcusable neglect, unreasonable delay,
or deliberately causes the unsuccessful
prosecution and/ or dismissal of the said
drug cases.
 Jurisdiction over Dangerous Drug Cases:
 Supreme Court shall designate special courts
from among the existing Regional Trial Courts
(RTC) in each judicial region to exclusively try
and hear cases involving violations of this Act.

 Department of Justice shall designate a

special prosecutors to exclusively handle
cases involving violation of this Act.
 30 days = period within which preliminary
investigation shall be made from the date of
their filing.

 Within 24 hours- investigating prosecutor shall

established the information to filed in court
from the termination of the investigation.

 60 days = period within which the trial of the

case shall be finished from the date of the
filing of the information
 15 days from the date of submission of the
case for resolution decision shall be rendered.
 Section 91. Responsibility and Liability of Law Enforcement
Agencies and other Government Officials and Employees in
Testifying as Prosecution Witnesses in Dangerous Drugs Cases. –
Any member of law enforcement agencies or any other
government official and employee who, after due notice, fails or
refuses intentionally or negligently, to appear as a witness for the
prosecution in any proceedings, involving violations of this Act,
without any valid reason, shall be punished with imprisonment of
not less than twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20)
years and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00), in addition to the administrative liability he/she may
be meted out by his/her immediate superior and/or appropriate
body.
 The immediate superior of the member of the law enforcement
agency or any other government employee mentioned in the
preceding paragraph shall be penalized with imprisonment of not
less than two (2) months and one (1) day but not more than six (6)
years and a fine of not less than Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00)
but not more than Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) and in
addition, perpetual absolute disqualification from public office if
despite due notice to them and to the witness concerned, the
former does not exert reasonable effort to present the latter to the
court.
 The member of the law enforcement agency or any other
government employee mentioned in the preceding
paragraphs shall not be transferred or re-assigned to any
other government office located in another territorial
jurisdiction during the pendency of the case in court.
However, the concerned member of the law enforcement
agency or government employee may be transferred or re-
assigned for compelling reasons: Provided, That his/her
immediate superior shall notify the court where the case is
pending of the order to transfer or re-assign, within twenty-
four (24) hours from its approval; Provided, further, That
his/her immediate superior shall be penalized with
imprisonment of not less than two (2) months and one (1) day
but not more than six (6) years and a fine of not less than
Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) but not more than Fifty
thousand pesos (P50,000.00) and in addition, perpetual
absolute disqualification from public office, should he/she fail
to notify the court of such order to transfer or re-assign.
 Prosecution and punishment under this Section shall be
without prejudice to any liability for violation of any existing
law.
 Section 92. Delay and Bungling in the
Prosecution of Drug Cases. – Any government
officer or employee tasked with the prosecution
of drug-related cases under this act, who,
through patent laxity, inexcusable neglect,
unreasonable delay or deliberately causes the
unsuccessful prosecution and/or dismissal of the
said drug cases, shall suffer the penalty of
imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years
and one (1) day to twenty (20) years without
prejudice to his/her prosecution under the
pertinent provisions of the Revised Penal Code.
 prejudice to his/her prosecution under the pertinent
provisions of the Revised Penal Code.
 Section 93. Reclassification, Addition or Removal of Any
Drug from the List of Dangerous Drugs. – The Board
shall have the power to reclassify, add to or remove from
the list of dangerous drugs. Proceedings to reclassify,
add, or remove a drug or other substance may be
initiated by the PDEA, the DOH, or by petition from any
interested party, including the manufacturer of a drug, a
medical society or association, a pharmacy association,
a public interest group concerned with drug abuse, a
national or local government agency, or an individual
citizen. When a petition is received by the Board, it shall
immediately begin its own investigation of the drug. The
PDEA also may begin an investigation of a drug at any
time based upon the information received from law
enforcement laboratories, national and local law
enforcement and regulatory agencies, or other sources
of information.
 “Of every tree in the garden you may
FREELY EAT… but of the TREE OF
KNOWLEGDE of good and evil… THOU
SHALL NOT EAT of it; for in the day that
thou eat thereof you shall SURELY DIE.”

 The Holy scriptures Genesis 2:16- 17

 Vices
 Vice is any immoral conduct or habit, the
indulgence of which leads to
 depravity, wickedness and corruption of the
minds and body.
 THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF VICES
 Alcoholism c. Prostitution
 Drug Addiction d. Gambling
 POLICE PROBLEMS IN VICE CONTROL
 Clandestine nature of the commission of
the acts.
 Lack of cooperation from players,
customers, and victims of vices,
 Enjoyment of goodwill by vice operators
 Public apathy and indifference
 Unwilling government officials to work
against vice existence
 Clandestine Operation = committed
secretly and behind closed doors
 Enjoyment of Goodwill by Vice Operators
– earned as a result of the past favors
extended by the vice operators to the
politicians during the election campaign or
help to put up a business for the influential
businessmen.
 ALCOHOLISM
 Alcoholism – is the state or condition of a person
produced by drinking intoxicating liquors excessively and
with habitual frequency. (State vs. Savage, 89 Ala. 17
LBA 426, 7 South, Rep. 183). It is a condition wherein a
person is under the influence or intoxicated with alcohol.
His physical condition and behavior has been modified to
a certain extent by the effects of alcohol.
 Alcoholic Liquor – is any beverages or compound,
whether distilled, fermented, or otherwise, which will
produce intoxication or which contains in excess of one
percentum of alcohol and is used as a beverage. (State
vs. Oliver, 133 S.C. 125, 130 S.S. Rep. 213).
 Drunkard – is a person who habitually takes or use any
intoxicating alcoholic liquor and while under the influence
of such, or in consequence of the effect thereof, is either
dangerous to himself or to others, or is a cause of harm
or serious annoyance to his family or his affair, or of
ordinary proper conduct. He has lesser resistance to the
effect of alcohol.
 Chronic Alcoholics – person who, from the prolonged
and excessive use alcoholic beverages, finally develops
physical and psycho-changes and dependence to
alcohol. The person consciously or unconsciously
begins to demand on alcohol’s narcotic effects for a
“pick-up”, to sleep at night, to feel “good”, to cope with
business or domestic problems, to enjoy social
gatherings, to get away from oneself, to repress inner
urges or rebellion or resentment, and to relieve
distressing restlessness.
 Why People Drink Alcohol
 1. Serves as appetizer.
 2. Some believes that it gives them a lift due to
its soothing effect.
 3. Many people feels sociable because it lowers
their inhibitions allowing them to make
unrestrained conversation.
 4. Alcohol provides an escape from the
unpleasant realities of life.
 5. In complex society, its use is widely accepted
as glamorizing symbols of success and
superiority.
 6. Psychiatrists explained that alcoholism is a
release of repressed homosexuality.
 7. They are used for pleasurable purposes.
Effects of Alcohol
 Regulations on Liquor as to Time
 1. Section 679-d, Revised Ordinances of the
City of Manila provides that the selling , giving away, or
otherwise, disposal of any beverages or intoxicating
liquors shall be prohibited during the hours of 2:00 to
5:00 o’clock in the morning everyday including Sundays
and Holidays by bars, saloon, restaurants, and other
drinking places, except when the selling, giving away, or
otherwise disposal is done on a private dwelling.
 2. Section 52, Republic Act No. 180 (Revised
Election Code, as amended) Par. (2) provides “that it is
unlawful to sell, furnished, offer, or take intoxicating
liquors on any registration days and on the two days
immediately preceding the day of the voting and during
the voting and canvas”.
 Regulations on Liquor as to Place
 1. Section 1, Ordinance 4153 of the City of Manila
provides that “the serving of beer, liquor or alcoholic
beverages of any kind to public by sari-sari stores or similar
establishments is prohibited”.
 2. Section 2, (same Ordinances) provides that “the
drinking of beer, liquor, or alcoholic beverages of any kind in
sari-sari stores or similar establishments not licenses as
restaurant, panciteria, carinderia, hotel or bar, as well as in
the street, by the sidewalk, in an alley, whether public or
private, and in any park, or plazas is hereby prohibited”.
 3. Section 679, par. (g), Revised Ordinances (City of
Manila) provides that “no license shall be granted for the sale
of intoxicating liquors in public markets, kiosks, booths, or
stand situated in the public streets, or plazas, or to street
vendors or peddlers, or in any case, to an establishment
located within a radius of 200 meters from any institution of
learning”.
 NOTE: The ordinance apply only to those establishment to
be opened in the future but not to those already existing
before.
 Regulations on Liquor as to Persons
 1. section 821, Revised Ordinances, as amended by
Ordinance No. 5052 (City of Manila) provides that “no person
shall be drunk or intoxicated, or behave in a drunken,
boisterious, rude, or indecent manner in any public place, or
place, or place open to public view, or be drunk or
intoxicated, or behave in a drunken, boisterious, rude or
indecent manner in any place or premises to the annoyance
of another person”.
 2. Par. 4, Article 155, Revised Penal Code provides that
“it shall be unlawful for any person who, while intoxicated
xxxxxx cause any disturbance or scandal in public places ….
Xxx”.
 3. Par. (a), Section 838, Revised Ordinances (City of
Manila) provides that “the sale, giving away, or otherwise
disposing of any intoxicating liquors to any minor under
eighteen (18) years of age or any person in an intoxicated
condition is prohibited xxxxx except when the minor buys the
liquor for some other person and not for their own use”.
 Par. (c), provides that “it shall be unlawful for any person
under twenty one (21) years of age to drink alcoholic
beverages and intoxicating liquors in any saloon, bar, inn,
 THE LEGAL CONCEPT OF INTOXICATION
AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY
 The Revised Penal Code of the Philippine (Art.
15) provides that intoxication is an
 alternative circumstance whenever present in
the commission of crimes. An alternative
circumstance is one which must be taken into
consideration as either MITIGATING (Art. 13,
RPC) or AGGRAVATING (Art. 14, RPC)
according to the nature and effects of the
crime and their other conditions attending its
commission.
 KINDS OF INTOXICATION
 Involuntary – when a drunken person
does not know the intoxicating strength
of beverage he has taken.
 2. Intentional – when a person
deliberately drinks liquor fully knowing its
effects, either to obtain mitigation or to
find the liquor as stimulant to commit
crime.
 3. Habitual – when the person finds
that drinking his a constant necessary
and the vice ultimately takes hold of him.
 VARIOUS DEGREE OF INTOXICATION
 1. Slight Inebriation – there is reddening of the
face. There is no sign of mental impairment, in
coordination and difficulty of speech.
 2. Moderate Inebriation – the person is
argumentative and overconfident. There is slight
impairment of mental difficulties, difficulty of
articulation, loss of coordination of finer
movements. The face is flushed with digested
eyeball. He is reckless and shows motor in
coordination. The person maybe certified by the
doctor as being under the influence of liquor.
 3. Drunk – the mind is confused,
behavior is irregular and the movement is
uncontrolled. The speech us thick and in
coordinated. The behavior is
uncontrollable.
 4. Very drunk – the mind is confused
and disoriented. There is difficulty in
speech and marked motor incoordination
and often walking is impossible.
 5. Coma – the subject is stuperous or
in comatous condition. Sometimes it is
difficult to differentiate this condition with
other conditions having coma.
 Alcohol has its maximum period of
absorption from 30 to 60 minutes after
ingestion and it is absorbed in the stomach
and in the intestines. Technically, if alcohol
is only inside the stomach and intestine and
not yet absorbed, it is practically outside of
the body because it cannot produce its
physiologic and neurological effects.
FORMS OF CHEMICAL AND SCIENTIFIC TESTS
OF INTOXICATION

 Analysis of blood for alcohol contents

 Analysis of urine for alcohol contents
 Analysis of saliva for alcohol contents
 Analysis of breath to determine
concentration of alcohol
 Analysis of body tissue and spinal fluid
 THE BLOOD-ALCOHOL TEST
 This test is the most widely accepted and direct
method of determining the concentration of alcohol
in the blood. This is done by physician, nurse or
competent technician upon request of the police
investigator. The following are the present two
presumptive standards relating to the interpretation
of blood alcohol contents:
 If there is 0.05 percent or less by weight of alcohol
in a person’s blood, it shall be presumed that he is
not under the influence of intoxicating liquor.
 If there is 0.15 percent or more by weight of
alcohol in a person’s blood, it shall be presumed
that he is under the influence of intoxicating liquor.
 The Urine-Alcohol Test:
 Urine examination to determine blood
alcohol contents gives an acceptable
result to the court although the use of this
chemical test is not yet widespread in our
jurisdiction. Sample of urine must not be
taken at one time only because urinary
excretion of alcohol varies with time.
Excretion is less during the early stage of
absorption and may be more than that in
the blood during the later stage.
 The Three Methods of Therapy (Treatment)
on Alcoholism:
 Aversion Treatment ( used of certain
medicine that would give an adverse
taste with alcoholic beverage)
 Psychotherapy method ( Making the
person understand the cause of his
alcoholism through counseling)
 Program of Alcoholics Anonymous
(Treatment through socialization/peer gathering
with co-alcoholics)
 II - PROSTITUTION

Definition of Terms:
1. Prostitution - It is an act or practice of a
woman who engage or habitually in sexual
intercourse for money or profit.
2. Prostitute - A woman who engage in
discriminate sexual intercourse or acts with
males for hire.
3. Pimp - One who provides gratification for
the lust of others. A male procurer of
clients for a prostitute.
4. Operator or Maintainer – one who owns or
manages houses of ill-refute where the
business of prostitution is conducted.
Sometimes they are called “madame or
mama san”.
5. White Slavery -The procurement and
transportation of women across stateliness
for immoral purposes.
6. Organized Crime - Includes gambling,
prostitution, dope (narcotics) and other illegal
or dubious businesses.
7. Whores/Knocker - It is a name often used
for all types of prostitute.
 Prostitution is often called the “oldest
profession” in the world and records of
prostitution exist since the beginning of
recorded history. Prostitution today,
although controlled and against the law in
most countries, is still legal in some other
countries. In some countries the laws are
designed to combat the so called
commercialized type of prostitution.
 Two Basic Reasons Why Prostitution Must
Be Suppressed
 Control of venereal disease (VD)
 Prevent organized crime
The Causes of Prostitution
 Poor social background and personality handicaps
are some of the basis for drift intoprostitution.
 Previous sexual experience, mostly unfortunate
and in or out of wedlock.
 Contact with persons in or on the fringe of the
business of prostitution.
 Love for money and luxury on the part of the
prostitute.
 Lack of restraining check from neighbors, social
environments and laxity of social control much as
the agency for religious training and reforms.
 The influence of contraceptives and preventive
treatment for venereal diseases.
 Efforts to support another vices such as drug
addiction or alcoholism.
 For the unwilling prostitutes, they are victims of
white slave traffic such as kidnapping, keeping
them under physical restraint, forcible abduction
of women and victims of crime against chastity.
 The indifference of law enforcement authorities in
safeguarding the virtues of women and lack of
courage of the victim of white slave trade to
pursue the prosecution of cases they filed against
the perpetrators.
 Social causes of prostitution such as:
 broken families
 anonymity of city life
 poverty and other
 IV. Types of Prostitutes on the Basis of
Operation
CALL GIRLS - These are the part-time prostitutes.
They have their own legitimate work or profession but
works as a prostitutes to supplement their income.
Sometimes they are tellers, sales-ladies of
department stores, waitresses, beauticians, or
engage in similar jobs that they use to make contacts
with customers. They receive telephone calls from a
selected group of customers and make arrangements
to meet them at a designated place. She may work
alone or in partnership with an intermediary with
whom she shares her earnings.
 B. HUSTLER - is the professional type of
prostitutes. She maybe a bar or tavern “pick-
up” or a “street walker”. The bar or tavern “pick-
up” frequents places where liquor is sold,
sometimes operating with the consent and
knowledge of the management. The
streetwalker is the oldest and the most common
type of prostitute. She may worked with taxi-
drivers and commits prostitution in a taxi-cab. Her
common customers are the tourists, gamblers,
criminals, Addicts and others. Their
operation is oftentimes associated with
swindling their customers.
 DOOR KNOCKER - this is the occasional
or selective type of prostitute. She is
usually a newcomer in the business.
Oftentimes, they are motivated by extreme
desire for money due to poverty or
supporting their other vices. She makes
contact thru information coming from the
professional and hustler who are friends
who gives her addresses of prospective
customers. She frequents hotels and
furnished fun houses. She caters the
affluent male members of the business
world.
 FACTORY GIRLS - are the real
professional type of prostitutes. She works
in regular houses of prostitution or brothels.
She accepts all comers and has nothing to
do with the selecting and soliciting the
customers. She works in regular hours or
tour of duty under the direct supervision of
the madam or operator of the prostitution
house. She gets her share of the earnings
by commission or per customers.
 V. Types of Prostitution Houses
DISORDERLY HOUSES – usually ridges several
number of factory girls or professional prostitutes
and under the control of an organized crime ring.
A “madam” or “maintainer” supervises the
operation supported by a staff of teller
(cashier), bell or room boys, register clerks,
watchmen, pimps and security guards known as
bouncer. Their operation appears to be a
legitimate business entity mostly under the
protection of crooked policemen or law
enforcement authorities and their location is
prominently known to all their customers. They
have number of small rooms with the prostitutes
staying thereat where they wait for customers. At
times, the house provided with secret exits ready
for escaping in case of police raids.
 FURNISHED ROOM HOUSE -usually operated
by an experienced “madam” who rent rooms to
legitimate roomers in order to maintain an
appearance of responsibility Purposely, the
madam leaves several rooms not rented to
legitimate roomers for ready use of the
prostitution. These prostitutes are mostly the call
girls who make the room their designated places
in perpetrating their business. Their rent is on per
customers basis or they maintain the rent
continuously but the prostitutes do not live there
permanently but elsewhere to maintain their
anonymity and identity. These houses could be
found mostly in flashy subdivision or residential
areas.
 C. CALL HOUSES - this is where the customers
call and the madam makes the arrangement
and sends the girls by a transporter who is a man
or woman to the place arrangement. The house
appears to be a legitimate business house such as
service agencies, travel offices, coffee shops,
beauty parlors and the like duly licensed and
registered as such with the government office.
However, the telephone number is limited only to
qualified customers as recommended by their
pimps who conducts the background investigation
on the ability of the prospective customers to pay.
 MASSAGE CLINICS - these houses are
operated under a licensed or permit issued
by the government but acts as a front for
prostitution where the act maybe done or as
per arrangement. They operate with
barbershops with manicurists or
“attendants” and “massagists” who while
servicing their customers may make
contacts or the prostitutes or themselves.
These prostitutes are sometimes the
newcomers in the business who do not
earn much as attendants or massagists.
 V!!. Control and Prevention of Prostitution
The following schools of thought are the suggested methods
of control and prevention of the existence of prostitution:
THE SCHOOL OF REGULATORY CONTROL –
 This method maintains the idea that we cannot do away with
prostitution unless we consider the problems and remove
the causes of prostitution. The scheme originated from the
French System of controlling the prostitutes under the
direction of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1808 while he was trying
to protect his soldiers from the vile of prostitute exists as
well as the supply, the practice cannot be totally eliminated.
Arrests, detention and punishment of prostitutes would only
drive them to clandestine Activities in places where they
cannot be effectively controlled and inspected. In view
thereof, the following regulatory policy has been adopted to
provide the necessary protection for the society.
 Segregation of brothels and soliciting to restricted districts.
 Public licensing of houses of prostitution
 Registration of prostitutes to protect them from the
exploitation
 of white slave trade
 Periodic medical examination of prostitutes and public
health education.
 Legalization of the practice of prostitution under
government supervision
 and control to make it more realistic.
 That arrest of prostitutes be handled by non-police
agencies but should be
 taken care by social workers and medical men.
 Finally, the rehabilitation of prostitutes by providing them
jobs and
 facilities to earn a decent living.
THE SCHOOL OF TOTAL REPRESSION –
 This method believes that prostitution is both a
crime and a vice and therefore, should be
repressed and totally prohibited. It maintains that
chastity and continence should be the rule of
conduct for everybody and to allow prostitution
would be to abet immorality and white slave
trade. As to licensing of prostitution, this school
of thought argues that it invites men to enjoy
promiscuity free and easy and without fear of the
law. While it accepts the fact that men may still
indulge in prostitution despite repression
measures, but men would be more cautious,
apprehensive and afraid of reproach or arrest
from the decent members of the society. This is
an American Plan on the control of prostitution
which suggests the following method of
suppressing prostitution:
 Strict enforcement of all legislation against prostitution
and all other vices or activities connected with it.
 Education of the public regarding sex, prostitution and
venereal diseases.
 Adoption of medical measures and establishments of
medical facilities for the diagnostic and treatment of
venereal diseases.
 Adoption of codes of self-regulation and organization of
community cooperation
 Making it unlawful for both men and women to engaged
in prostitution.
 Increase of penalties now applicable and existing to
prostitution at he persons who may be punishable in
relation to the practice of prostitution.
 Police Difficulties in Securing Information on
Prostitution:
 1. Patrons of houses of prostitution avoid any
open contact with the police.
 2. Usually letters and complaints received
by the police are unsigned and the caller
unidentified or anonymous.
 3. It is only by maximum effort through
diligent work and investigation on the part of
the police may rid of a community of this
evil. (More often locations of these places of
ill-fame will be discovered by diligent work
and investigation on the part of the police).
. LEGISLATIVE MEASURES AND STRATEGIES ON
PROSTITUTION:
Article 202, RPC – Vagrants and Prostitutes
 Any person having no apparent means of subsistence, who has
the physical ability to work and who neglects to apply himself or
herself to some lawful calling;
 Any person found loitering about public or semi-public buildings or
places or trampling or wandering about the country or the streets
without visible means of support;
 Any idle or dissolute person who lodges in houses of ill-fame;
ruffians or pimps and those who habitually associate with
prostitutes;
 Any person who, not being included in the provisions of other
articles of this Code, shall be found loitering in any inhabited place
belonging to another without any lawful or justifiable purpose;
 Prostitutes. For the purpose of this article, women who, for money
or profit, habitually indulge in sexual intercourse or lascivious
conduct are deemed to be prostitutes.
 Any person found guilty of any of the
offenses covered by this article shall be
punished by arresto menor or a fine not
exceeding 200 pesos, and in case of
recidivism, by arresto mayor in its medium
period to prison correctional in its minimum
period or a fine ranging from 200 to 2,000
pesos, or both, in the discretion of the court.
Article 201, RPC – Immoral Doctrines, Obscene
Publication and Exhibitions. The penalty of prison
correctional in its minimum period or a fine ranging
from 200 to 2,000 pesos, or both, shall be imposed
upon:
 Those who shall publicly expound or proclaim
doctrines openly contrary to public morals;
 The authors of obscene literature, published with their
knowledge in any form, and the editors publishing
such literature;
 Those who in theaters, fairs, cinematographers or
any other place open to public view, shall exhibit
indecent or immoral plays, scenes, acts or shows;
and
 Those who, shall sell, give away or exhibit prints,
engravings, sculptures or literature which are
offensive to morals.
 3. Article 341, RPC – White Slave Trade
 The penalty of prison correctional in its minimum
and maximum periods shall be imposed upon any
person who, in any manner, or under any pretext,
shall engage in the business or shall profit
by prostitution or shall enlist the services of women
for the purpose of prostitution.
 4. City (Manila) Ordinance No. 4638 (Vag.
Prostitution) (Section 822, RO)
 5. MMC Ord. No. 85-04-Child Prostitution Law
 Prohibiting minors to work in sauna baths,
massage clinics and the like.
 6. Section 18, Rule 111, INP Rules and
Regulations (PD 765)
House of Ill-Refute
Members of the PNP shall not enter any
house suspected or reported as being of ill-
refute except in the performance of duty
and if compiled to enter such place shall
report the fact to their superior officer as
soon as practicable.
 7. Senate Bill No. 716 – Anti-Obscenity
Act of 1988 -
Sponsored by Senator Shahani, Leticia.
 GAMBLING
 Gambling – it is a game or scheme the result of
which depends wholly or chiefly upon chance or
hazard
 Chance or Hazard – is the uncertainty of the
result of the game or when the outcome of the
game is incapable of calculation by human
reason, foresight, sagacity or design.
 Lottery – it is a scheme for the distribution of
prizes by chance among persons who have paid
or agreed to pay a valuable consideration for the
chance to obtain a prize.
 “Maintainer” – is the person who sets up and
furnishes the means with which to carry on the
gambling game.
 Conductor – is the person who manages or
carries the gambling game.
 Banker – is the person who keeps the money
from which the winner is to be paid.
 Totalizer – is a machine for registering and
indicating the number and nature of bets made on
horse races.
 Wager – is the bet or consideration placed on
gambling games.
 Prize – is the inequal amount due to the winner.
 Topada – the illegal cockfighting conducted on a
day or at a cockpit not permitted by law.
 Gullible Person – person who easily deceived
especially in crooked gambling.
 PAGCOR (Philippine Amusement and Gambling
Corporation) – office that controls/regulates
gambling games like the casino.
IV. CLASSIFICATION OF GAMBLING GAMES
Those who are absolutely or per se prohibited
 Examples:
 Under Art. 195, RPC – monte, jueteng, other form of lottery,
policy, banking or percentage game and dog races;
 Faro and roulette is absolutely prohibited by the Gambling
Law.
Those which are regulated by law. These games are
regulated in the sense that the law allows the same to be
played except on certain specified of the day.
 Examples:
 Cockfighting under Art. 199, Revised Penal Code;
 Horse Racing under Art. 198, Revised Penal Code;
 Panguingue, cuajo, domino, mahjong, entre cuatro, and
other under Sec. 828, Revised Ordinances of the City of
Manila
REQUISITES/ELEMENTS OF THE CRIME OF GAMBLING
 That money or other consideration of value is at stake
 That the result of the games depends wholly or chiefly
upon chance or hazrd
 In cases of lottery, there must be:
 consideration;
 chance, and;
 prize or the inequal amount due to the winner

NOTE: Lottery becomes punishable only when the

participants buys ticket only for purposes of participating
in the lottery but not when the participation is only
incidental to buying a certain good wherein the
participation entitles the buyer an equal value of his
money’s worth.
LAWS RELEVANT TO GAMBLING
1. PD 1602 - Prescribing Stiffer penalties on
illegal gambling
2. PD 510 - Law on Slot Machines
3. PD 449 - Illegal Cockfighting
4. PD 483 - Game fixing in Sports Contest
5. PD 1306- Jai-Alai bookies
6. RA 3063- Horse Racing Bookie
7. Art. 195-199 R.P.C.- Forms of Gambling
and Betting
LOI No. 816 – Exclusion of certain prohibited
games under PD 1602
Rule III, Sec. 21, PNP Rules and Regulations (PD 765)
GAMBLING
No member of the PNP shall engage in any form of
gambling prohibited by law.
10. Sec. 823, R.O. - Gambling Dens
(Maintainer/Operator)
11. Sec. 824, R.O. - Gambling Devices,
Possession of Pinballs
12. Sec. 827, R.O. - Gambling (Players)
13. Sec. 828, R.O. - Mahjong, Regulated Games
14. Sec. 830, R.O. - Betting in Athletic Contest
15. Sec. 831, R.O. - Illegal Cockfighting (Tupada)
 END

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