Structural Analysis & Design-I CE-311 Course Instructor: Dr. Nusrat Hoque

Structural Analysis & Design-I
CE-311
Course Instructor: Dr. Nusrat Hoque.
Course Content
• Stability and determinacy of structures,
• Analysis of statically determinate beams, girders, frames,
trusses,
• Space trusses,
• Flexible chord, cables and cables supported structures,
• Influence lines,
• Moving loads on beams, frames & trusses.
Influence Lines
• Shear and moment diagram represent the response of a structure due
to variation of load.
• What would be the situation in case of moving load? Let’s think about
a bridge deck. It experiences different load at same position. This
types of situation could be best described using influence line.
• An influence line represents the variation of either the reaction, shear,
moment or deflection at a specific point in a member, as a
concentrated force moves over the member.
Influence Lines
• Once this line is constructed, one can tell at a glance where the
moving load should be placed on the structure so that it creates the
greatest influence at the specified point. Furthermore, the magnitude
of the associated reaction, shear, moment, or deflection at the point
can then be calculated from the ordinates of the influence-line
diagram. For these reasons, influence lines play an important part in
the design of bridges, industrial crane rails, conveyors, and other
structures where loads move across their span.
Influence Lines
• One should clearly be aware of the difference between constructing
an influence line and constructing a shear or moment diagram.
Influence lines represent the effect of a moving load only at a specified
point on a member, whereas shear and moment diagrams represent the
effect of fixed loads at all points along the axis of the member.
Procedure for Analysis
• Two procedures can be used to construct the influence line at a
specific point P in a member for any function (reaction, shear,or
moment). For both of these procedures we will choose the moving
force to have a dimensionless magnitude of unity.
• Method 1: Tabulating Values
• Place a unit load at various locations, x, along the member,and at each
location use statics to determine the value of the function
(reaction,shear,or moment) at the specified point.
• Sign convention: same as previous we used for beam analysis
• All statically determinate beams will have influence lines that consist
of straight line segments. After some practice one should be able to
minimize computations and locate the unit load only at points
representing the end points of each line segment.
• • To avoid errors,it is recommended that one first construct a table,
• One could construct a table initially for computation, listing “unit
load at x” versus the corresponding value of the function calculated at
the specific point; that is,“reaction R,” “shear V,”or “moment M.”
• Once the load has been placed at various points along the span of the
member, the tabulated values can be plotted and the influence-line
segments constructed.
The influence line can also be constructed by placing the unit load
at a variable position x on the member and then computing the
value of R, V, or M at the point as a function of x. In this manner,
the equations of the various line segments composing the
influence line can be determined and plotted.
Problem Solving
P-1 Construct the influence line for the vertical reaction at A of the
beam in Fig.
Problem Solving:Using Tabulation Method
Problem Solving:Using Equation
Problem Solving
P-2 Construct the influence line for the vertical reaction at B of the
beam in Fig.
Problem Solving
Problem Solving
P-3 Construct the influence line for the shear at point C of the beam in
Fig.
Problem Solving
Problem Solving
Problem Solving
P-4 Construct the influence line for the shear at point C of the beam in
Fig.
Problem Solving
Problem Solving
Problem Solving
P-5 Construct the influence line for the moment at point C of the beam
in Fig.
Problem Solving
Problem Solving
Problem Solving
P-6 Construct the influence line for the moment at point C of the beam
in Fig.
Problem Solving
Problem Solving

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