Kku lkxj

(d{kk&lkroha)

izdk'ku foHkkx
Mh-,-oh- dkWyst izcaèkd=khZ lfefr
fp=kxqIr ekxZ] u;h fnYyh&110055
 fo"k;&lwph
Øe la[;k ikB jpukdkj i`"B la[;k

1- ckjgeklk (dfork) ukjk;.k yky ijekj 1

2- ukVd esa ukVd (dgkuh) eaxy lDlsuk 6
3- fueZyk] lk¡i vkSj l;ky (dgkuh) flx#u JhokLro 15
4- ckrwuh (dgkuh) gfj'kadj ijlkbZ 24
5- *jktw dk liuk (dgkuh) Jherh deys'k 29
6- le; (dfork) MkW- jkexksiky oekZ 32
7- LowQy dh NqV~fV;k¡ (dgkuh) vkj- osQ- ukjk;.k 37
8- ,ojsLV dh pqukSrh (dgkuh) estj gfjikyflag vgywokfy;k 46
9- loky dk tokc (dgkuh) gfjÑ".k nsoljs 56
10- *>aMk Å¡pk jgs gekjk (dfork) ';keyky izlkn 64
11- ml jkr dh ckr (dgkuh) fefFkys'oj 65
12- nksgs (i|) µ 72
13- lkgl dks lyke (Mk;jh) µ 76
14- *,l- jkekuqtu (thouh) fnyhi e/qdj lkyoh 82
15- vUunkrk Ñ"kd (dfork) iwju pUnz dk.Miky 87
16- ns'kHkDr iq# (ukVd) izks- lh- ts- nklok.kh] 92
MkW- vkse izdk'k flag
17- dkdh (dgkuh) fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr 100
18- cky&yhyk vkSj oqaQMfy;k (i|) µ 107
19- x.ks'kksRlo (fuca/) lfork tktksfn;k 110
20- deZohj (dfork) jke/kjh flag ^fnudj* 118

* osQoy i<+us osQ fy, gSaA ijh{kk esa buesa ls loky ugha iwNs tk,¡xsA
 ckjgeklk
pSr eghus dk I;kjk]
lqanj :i vuwi gSA
xje gok pyus yxrh]
[kV~feV~Bh&lh èkwi gSA
vkrs gh cSlk[k osQ]
NqV~Vh gqbZ enjlksa dhA
yxk xw¡tus ?kj&vk¡xu]
fdydkjh ls cPpksa dhA
dksbZ yxkrkj gkjk]
ysfdu dksbZ thr jgkA
rjg&rjg osQ [ksyksa esa]
tsB eghuk chr jgkA
dkys&dkys ckny Hkh]
uHk esa pysa] ngkM+ osQA
vk¡èkh brjkus yxh]
yxrs gh vk"kk<+ osQA
lkou dh 'kksHkk U;kjh]
gfj;kyh osQ BkB gSaA
unh ljksoj Nyd jgs]
Mwc x, lc ?kkV gSaA
irk u pyrk rkjksa dk]
tkus dgk e;ad gSA
>k¡d ugha ikrk lwjt]
Hkknksa dk vkrad gSA
'kCnkFkZ% vuwiµfujkyk] vfr lqanj_ enjlkµikB'kkyk] fon~;ky;_ e;adµpanzek

1
 HkS;k Dokj eghus esa
fueZy gksrh tyèkkjkA
ekSle dj nsrk lkjh
g¡lh&[kq'kh dk c¡VokjkA
dkfrZd esa tkM+k vkrk]
lkFk iVk[ks iqQy>fM+;k¡A
iQcrh lcosQ psgjksa ij]
eqldkuksa dh eèkq yfM+;k¡A
vxgu ukp upk nsrk]
ci+ZQ ljh[kk gS ikuhA
pyks ugk yks ek¡ dgrh]
ugha pysxh euekuhA
mM+h iraxsa ikS"k esa]
ck”kh yxrh ”kksj lsA
xyh] eksgYys] vVkfj;k¡]
Hkj tkrs lc 'kksj lsA
ek?k eghuk Hkj nsrk]
eu esa ubZ meax gSA
dgha eathjs] >k¡> dgha]
ctrk dgha e`nax gSA
yks og vk igq¡pk iQkxqu]
jl dh mM+h iqQgkj gSA
jaxksa osQ dkj.k yxrk
;g thou R;ksgkj gSA
µukjk;.k yky ijekj

'kCnkFkZ% Dokjµvkf'ou dk eghuk_ iQcukµt¡puk_ vxguµekxZ'kh"kZ ekl_ ljh[kkµtSlk] rjg_ vVkfj;k¡µNrsa

2
 vH;kl

dfork esa ls
1- Hkkjrh; eghuksas osQ uke fyf[k,A
2- o"kkZ ½rq esa D;k&D;k gksrk gS\
3- vxgu ukp D;kssa upk nsrk gS\
4- mfpr mRrj ij lgh (√) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) dkSu&ls eghus esa cPpksa dh fdydkjh ls ?kj&vk¡xu xw¡tus yxrk gS\
cSlk[k pSr vk"kk<+ dkfrZd
([k) jaxksa osQ dkj.k thou oSQlk yxrk gS\
vPNk vuks[kk R;ksgkj I;kjk
5- dfork osQ vk/kj ij fyf[k, fd nh xbZ ph”ksa@xfrfof/;k¡ fdl eghus esa gksrh gSaµ
ph”ksa@xfrfof/;k¡ eghus dk uke
(d) vk¡/h vkrh gSA -----------------------------------

([k) xje gok pyrh gSA -----------------------------------

(x) enjlksa dh NqV~Vh gksrh gSA -----------------------------------

(?k) unh&ljksoj Hkj tkrs gSaA -----------------------------------

(Ä) tkM+k vkrk gSA -----------------------------------

(p) iraxsa mM+rh gSaA -----------------------------------

(N) rjg&rjg osQ [ksy [ksys tkrs gSaA -----------------------------------

ckrphr osQ fy,

1- dfork dh ftu iafDr;kssa ls irk pyrk gS fd lwjt vkSj pk¡n u”kj ugha vkrs] mUgsa if<+,A
2- iraxsa mM+kus osQ fy, cPps D;k&D;k djrs gSa\
3- vkidks dkSu&lk eghuk lcls vPNk yxrk gS vkSj D;ksa\

3
vuqeku vkSj dYiuk
1- fn, x, ekSleksa esa vki tks&tks djuk ilan djrs gSa] mUgsa rkfydk esa fyf[k,µ
xjeh ljnh o"kkZ clar
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------

2- lHkh ½rqvksa osQ uke vkSj izR;sd ½rq esa ftu oLrqvksa dh cgqr vko';drk gksrh gS] muosQ ckjs esa crkb,A
3- ^Hkkjr ½rqvksa dk ns'k gS*µbl fo"k; ij d{kk esa vius fopkj izLrqr dhft,A

Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ rqdkar 'kCn fyf[k,µ
(d) thr µ ----------------------------------- ([k) I;kjk µ -----------------------------------

(x) dgrh µ ----------------------------------- (?k) 'kksj µ -----------------------------------

2- dfork esa ls rhu O;fDrokpd vkSj rhu tkfrokpd laKk 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ
O;fDrokpd laKk tkfrokpd laKk
(d) --------------------------------------------- (d) ---------------------------------------------
([k) --------------------------------------------- ([k) ---------------------------------------------
(x) --------------------------------------------- (x) ---------------------------------------------
3- uhps fy[ks 'kCnksa dks myVk fy[kdj u, lkFkZd 'kCn cukb,µ
(d) lc µ -------------------------------
cl (?k) jgk µ -------------------------------
([k) irk µ ------------------------------- (Ä) gok µ -------------------------------
okg
(x) unh µ ------------------------------- (p) ukp µ -------------------------------

4
thou ewY;
• ,d o"kZ esa eghuksa dk Øe cnyus ls okrkoj.k cny tkrk gSA
• ,d o"kZ osQ ckjg eghus viuh&viuh fo'ks"krk fy, vkrs gSaA
1- eghuksa osQ cnyrs Øe ls ;g vglkl gksrk gS fd ifjorZu gh izÑfr dk fu;e gSA oSQls\
2- eghuksa dh igpku dh rjg viuh igpku cukus osQ fy, D;k djuk pkfg,\

oqQN djus osQ fy,

1- Hkkjr esa euk, tkus okys fdUgha ik¡p R;ksgkjksa osQ uke o muosQ euk, tkus okys eghuksa osQ uke
fyf[k,µ
R;ksgkj dk uke eghus dk uke
(d) --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------

([k) --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------

(x) --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------

(?k) --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------

(Ä) --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------

2- tks ½rq vkidks lcls vPNh yxrh gS] ml ij ,d NksVh&lh dfork fyf[k,µ
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5
 ukVd esa ukVd
jkosQ'k dk eu rks dg jgk Fkk fd fcuk iwjh rS;kjh osQ ukVd ugha [ksyuk pkfg, vkSj tc ukVd esa vfHku; djus
okys dykdkj Hkh u, gksa] eap ij vkdj Mj tkrs gksa] ?kcjk tkrs gksa vkSj DqQN&DqQN cqn~/w Hkh gksa rc rks vèkwjh
rS;kjh ls [ksyuk gh ugha pkfg,A mlosQ lkFkh eksgu] lksgu vkSj ';ke ,sls gh FksA jkosQ'k dks muosQ vfHku; ij
fcyDqQy Hkh fo'okl ugha FkkA og Lo;a vfHku; blfy, ugha dj jgk Fkk] D;ksafd iqQVcky [ksyrs gq, og
vpkud fxj iM+k FkkA mlosQ gkFk esa pksV yx xbZ Fkh vkSj gkFk dks ,d iV~Vh esa yisVdj xnZu osQ lgkjs yVdk,
j[kuk iM+rk FkkA

ukVd [ksyuk cgqr vko';d FkkA eksgYys dh bT+”kr dk loky FkkA eksgYys osQ cPpksa us fey&tqydj iQkyrw
iM+s ,d NksVs&ls lkoZtfud eSnku esa nwc o iwQy&ikSèks yxk, FksA ogha ,d eap Hkh cuk fy;k FkkA jkosQ'k dh
;ksX;rk ij lcdks cgqr fo'okl Hkh FkkA
le; FkkµosQoy ,d lIrkg dkA lkr fnu ,sls fudy x, fd irk Hkh ugha yxk! eksgu] lksgu vkSj ';ke
;w¡ rks vPNh rjg vfHku; djus yxs Fks] ij jkosQ'k dks muosQ cqn~/wiu ls Mj FkkA gj ,d vius dks nwljs ls vfèkd

'kCnkFkZ% nwcµ?kkl

6
le>nkj ekurk FkkA blfy, ;g Hkwy tkrk Fkk fd og dgk¡ D;k dj jgk gSµcl dgus ls eryc! nwljs pkgs mudh
ew[kZrkiw.kZ ckrksa ij g¡l jgs gksa] exj os ikxyksa dh rjg vkil esa gh my>us yxrs FksA
jkosQ'k us iwokZH;kl osQ lkr fnuksa esa mUgsa cgqr vPNh rjg le>k;k FkkA funsZ'ku mlus bruk vPNk fn;k Fkk
fd NksVh&ls&NksVh vkSj lkèkkj.k&ls&lkèkkj.k ckr Hkh le> esa vk tk,A
[kSj] izn'kZu dk fnu vkSj le; Hkh vk x;kA jkosQ'k lkt&lTtk d{k esa [kM+k lcdks [kkl&[kkl fgnk;rsa
fiQj ls ns jgk FkkA
eksgu cksyk] ^^esjk fny rks cgqr ”kksjksa ls èkM+d jgk gSA**
^^esjk Hkh]** lksgu us lhus ij gkFk j[kdj dgkA
^^rqe yksx ikuh fi;ks vkSj eu dks lkglh cukvks]** jkosQ'k us fiQj fgEer c<+kbZA
tSls&rSls vHkh rd rks Bhd&Bkd gks x;kA vfHkusrk eap ij vk x,A inkZ mBkA
eksgu cuk Fkkµfp=kdkj vkSj lksgu cuk FkkµmnwZ dk 'kk;jA ukVd esa nksuksa nksLr gksrs gSaA fp=kdkj dgrk
gSµmldh dyk egku] 'kk;j dgrk gSµmldh dyk egku! ';ke curk gSµlaxhrdkjA

og muls eqykdkr djus ml LFkku ij vkrk gS] tgk¡ os ;g cgl dj jgs gSaA ctk; blosQ fd og u,&u,
fe=kksa ls eèkqj ckrsa djs] cM+s&NksVs osQ bl fookn esa my> tkrk gSA og dgrk gSµlaxhrdkj dh dyk egku!
vHkh rd vfHku; vPNh rjg py jgk FkkA lcdks viuk&viuk ^ikVZ* ;kn vk jgk FkkA lc Bhd&Bhd
vfHku; djrs pys tk jgs FksA vpkud ';ke viuk ikVZ Hkwy x;kA
'kCnkFkZ% izn'kZuµfn[kkuk] ukVd dks eap ij djuk_ ikVZµfgLlk] Hkwfedk

7
 insZ dh vkM+ esa jkosQ'k Lo;a iwjk fyf[kr ukVd fy, [kM+k FkkA og gj u, laokn dk igyk 'kCn cksy jgk
Fkk rkfd dykdkjksa dks laokn ;kn vkrs jgsaA

exj ';ke ?kcjk x;kA og lglk pqi gks x;kA mlosQ pqi gksus ls fp=kdkj vkSj 'kk;j egksn; Hkh pqi gks x,A
gksuk ;g pkfg, Fkk fd os nksuksa dksbZ ckr eu ls gh cukdj ckr vkxs c<+k nsrs] ij os ?kcjkdj jkosQ'k dh rji+Q
ns[kus yxsA laxhrdkj egksn; Hkh iyVdj jkosQ'k dh vksj ns[kus yxsA
jkosQ'k ckj&ckj laxhrdkj th dk laokn cksy jgk Fkk exj vkok”k rs”k gksdj ^ekbd* ls lcdks u lqukbZ ns
tk,] blfy, èkhjs&èkhjs iqQliqQlkdj cksy jgk FkkA laxhrdkj th dks og gYdh vkok”k lqukbZ ugha ns jgh FkhA
rHkh 'kk;j lkgc laxhrdkj osQ daèks ij gkFk ekjdj cksys] ^^mèkj tkdj lqu ys uA** laxhrdkj th viuk
ok;fyu idM+s&idM+s jkosQ'k dh vksj f[kld vk,!
n'kZd BBkdj g¡l iM+sA laxhrdkj th vkSj ?kcjk x,A tks DqQN lqukbZ iM+k mls gh fcuk le>s&cw>s >V&ls
cksyus yxsA
laokn Fkkµ^^tc laxhr dh Loj&ygjh xw¡trh gS rks i'kq&i{kh rd eqXèk gks tkrs gSa] 'kk;j lkgc! vki D;k
le>rs gSa laxhr dks\**
exj laxhrdkj lkgc cksy x, ;ksaµ^^tc laxhr dh Loj&ygjh xw¡trh gS rks i'kq&i{kh rd eq¡g dh [kk tkrs
gSa] xktj lkgc! vki D;k le>rs gSa gesa\**
'kCnkFkZ% vkM+µ(insZ osQ) ihNs_ BBkdj g¡lukµ”kksj ls g¡luk

8
 'kk;j lkgc rikd ls cksys] ^^rqEgkjk lj! xktj lkgc gw¡ eSa\**
n'kZd fiQj BBkdj g¡l iM+sA
fp=kdkj egksn; us eap ij lw> vkSj vDyeanh fn[kkus dh dksf'k'k dhµ^^budk eryc gS vkidh 'kk;jh
xktj&ewyh gS vkSj vki xktj lkgc gSa! lks budh dyk egku gSA exj esjh dyk buls Hkh egku gSA**
jkosQ'k nk¡r ihl jgk FkkA mldh lkjh esgur ij ikuh iM+ x;k FkkA ij bl rjg ckr l¡Hkyrs ns[kdj og DqQN
'kkar gqvkA
bl ckj 'kk;j lkgc cqn~/wiu fn[kk cSBsA
xqLlk gksdj cksys] ^^rwus Hkh xyr cksy fn;kA eq>s xktj lkgc dgus dh ckr Fkh D;k\ vkSj esjh 'kk;jh
xktj&ewyh gS rks rsjh fp=kdyk >kM+w isQjuk gS] iksruk gS] ikfy'k djuk gS] >[k ekjuk gS!**
fp=kdkj egksn; us gkFk mBkdj dgk] ^^ns[k] eq¡g l¡Hkkydj cksy!**

n'kZd fiQj ”kksj ls g¡l iM+sA

jkosQ'k ?kcjk jgk FkkA xqLlk Hkh vk jgk Fkk mls vkSj jksuk HkhA lkjh bT+”kr feV~Vh esa fey xbZA ij vc D;k
gks\ og ckj&ckj nksuksa gFksfy;ksa dks ely jgk Fkk vkSj dksbZ rjdhc lksp jgk FkkA
'kCnkFkZ% rikdµ>V ls_ >[k ekjukµcsdkj osQ dkeksa esa le; O;rhr djuk

9
 bèkj eap ij rhuksa esa ”kksjksa ls rw&rw eSa&eSa gks jgh FkhA fp=kdkj egksn; gkFk esa DwQ¡ph idM+s] vk¡[ksa upk&upkdj]
eVd&eVddj cksy jgs Fksµ
^^vjs pexknM+ rq>s D;k [kkd 'kk;jh djuk vkrk gS! ”kcjnLrh gh rq>s ;g ikVZ ns fn;kA rwus lkjk xM+cM+
dj fn;kA**
^^eq>s pexknM+ dgrk gS\ vcs djedYys] vkywcq[kkjs] 'kk;jh rks esjh ckrksa ls Vidrh gSA rwus dHkh
^VwFk&czq'k* osQ vykok Hkh dksbZ czq'k mBk;k gS\ ;gk¡ fp=kdkj cuk fn;k rks lpeqp gh vius dks fp=kdkj le>
cSBkA**
n'kZd g¡lh ls yksV&iksV gq, tk jgs FksA laxhrdkj egksn; dHkh mu nksuksa yM+rs gqvksa dh vksj gkFk upkrs] dHkh
n'kZdksa dh vksjA
rHkh rs”kh ls jkosQ'k eap ij igq¡p x;kA lc pqi gks x,] ldidk x,A jkosQ'k ,d DqQlhZ ij cSBrs gq,
cksykµ^^vkt eq>s vLirky esa gkFk ij iV~Vh c¡èkokus esa nsj gks xbZ rks rqeus bl rjg ^fjglZy* dh gS! ”kksj&”kksj
ls yM+us yxs! vfHku; dk fnu fcyDqQy ikl vk x;k gS vkSj gekjh rS;kjh dk ;g gky gS!**

fp=kdkj egksn; us bl le; vDyeanh fn[kkbZA cksys] ^^ge D;k djsa Mk;jsDVj lkgc\ igys blh us xyrh
dh!**
'kCnkFkZ% djedYysµxk¡B xksHkh_ ldidk tkukµ?kcjk tkuk

10
 jkosQ'k ckr dkVdj cksyk] ^^vjs rks eSaus dg ugha fn;k Fkk fd fjglZy esa Hkh ;g ekudj pyks fd n'kZd
lkeus gh cSBs gSa\ vxj xyrh gks xbZ Fkh rks ogha ls nksckjk fjglZy 'kq: dj nsrsA ;g D;k fd yM+us yxs! lc
xM+cM+ gks x;kA lc xM+cM+ djrs gksA**
ckr jkosQ'k us cgqr l¡Hkky yh FkhA insZ dh vkM+ esa [kM+s vU; lkFkh eu&gh&eu jkosQ'k dh rqjar&cqn~f/ dh
iz'kalk dj jgs FksA lc n'kZd 'kkar Fks] HkkSapDosQ FksA os lksp jgs Fks ;g D;k gks x;k! os rks le> jgs Fks fd ukVd
fcxM+ x;k] exj ;gk¡ rks ukVd esa gh ukVd FkkA mldk fjglZy gh ukVd FkkA ekuks bl ukVd esa ukVd dh rS;kjh
dh dfBukb;ksa vkSj de”kksfj;ksa dks gh fn[kk;k x;k Fkk!
jkosQ'k dg jgk Fkk] ^^nsf[k,] gekjs ukVd dk uke gSµ^cM+k dykdkj* vkSj cM+k dykdkj og gS] tks nwljs
dh =kqfV;ksa dks ugha viuh =kqfV;ksa dks ns[ks vkSj lqèkkjsA vkb,] vc ge fiQj ls ^fjglZy* 'kq: djrs gSaA**
rHkh jkosQ'k osQ b'kkjs ij inkZ fxj x;kA n'kZd ukVd dh Hkwfj&Hkwfj iz'kalk djrs gq, vius ?kj pys x,A
µeaxy lDlsuk
'kCnkFkZ% HkkSapDDsQµgSjku_ =kqfV;k¡µxyfr;k¡_ Hkwfj&Hkwfj iz'kalk djukµcgqr rkjhi+Q djuk

11
 vH;kl

ikB esa ls
1- jkosQ'k us ukVd esa Lo;a vfHku; D;ksa ugha fd;k\
2- jkosQ'k osQ lkFkh vfHku; osQ ekeys esa oSQls Fks\
3- jkosQ'k us izn'kZu osQ fnu lHkh dks [kkl&[kkl fgnk;rsa fiQj ls D;ksa nhaa\
4- jkosQ'k us ukVd dks fdl izdkj l¡Hkkyk\
5- bl dgkuh osQ fy, dksbZ vU; 'kh"kZd crkrs gq, mlosQ pquko dk dkj.k Hkh crkb,A
6- uhps fn, x, dFku fdlus dgs] fdlls dgsµ
dFku fdlus dgk fdlls dgk
(d) esjk fny rks cgqr --------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
”kksjksa ls /M+d jgk gSA
([k) rqe yksx ikuh fi;ks --------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
vkSj eu dks lkglh cukvksA
(x) xktj lkgc! vki D;k --------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
le>rs gSa gesa\
7- dgkuh osQ vk/kj ij uhps oqQN dFku fn, x, gSaA lgh dFkuksa ij lgh (√) dk vkSj xyr
dFkuksa ij xyr (×) dk fpg~u yxkb,A xyr dFku dks lgh djosQ nksckjk dkWih esa fyf[k,µ
(d) jkosQ'k us ukVd dk funsZ'ku fd;k FkkA
([k) jkosQ'k osQ lkFkh vfHku; osQ ekeys esa u, FksA
(x) jkosQ'k dks muosQ vfHku; ij iwjk Hkjkslk FkkA
(?k) eksgu fp=kdkj cuk FkkA
(Ä) jkosQ'k gkFk ij iV~Vh c¡/okus osQ fy, vLirky pyk x;k FkkA
(p) ukVd dk uke FkkµcM+k dykdkjA
(N) ukVd dks fcxM+rk ns[k n'kZd ”kksj&”kksj ls fpYykus yxsA
(t) ukVd dk fjglZy gh ukVd FkkA
(>) lksgu viuk laokn Hkwy x;k FkkA
(×k) jkosQ'k us eap ij vkdj ukVd dks l¡HkkykA
12
ckrphr osQ fy,
1- jkosQ'k dks vius lkfFk;ksa osQ fdl cqn~/wiu ls Mj Fkk\
2- D;k vkius dHkh ukVd esa fgLlk fy;k gS\ ukVd osQ eapu ls tqM+h dksbZ jkspd ?kVuk
crkb,A

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- vxj ';ke viuk laokn ugha Hkwyrk rks dgkuh oSQls vkxs c<+rh] crkb,A
2- jkosQ'k dh txg ;fn vki gksrs rks ukVd oSQls l¡Hkkyrs\

Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dks 'kCn&dks'k osQ Øekuqlkj fyf[k,µ
iV~Vh] eap] lkoZtfud] lIrkg] iwokZH;kl] inkZ] Lo;a] laokn] iz'kalk] =kqfVA
------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -------------------------

1 2 3 4 5
------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -------------------------

6 7 8 9 10
2- ikB esa vk, bu ;qXe&'kCnksa dks iwjk dhft,µ
(d) Loj µ ---------------------------------- (?k) lkt µ ----------------------------------
([k) iwQy µ ---------------------------------- (Ä) yksV µ ----------------------------------
(x) tSls µ ---------------------------------- (p) i'kq µ ----------------------------------
3- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa esa ls u, 'kCn cukdj fyf[k,µ
(d) ew[kZrkiw.kZ -----------------------------
ew[kZ ----------------------------- -----------------------------
([k) lk/kj.k ----------------------------- ----------------------------- -----------------------------
(x) laxhrdkj ----------------------------- ----------------------------- -----------------------------
(?k) cukdj ----------------------------- ----------------------------- -----------------------------
(Ä) dykdkj ----------------------------- -----------------------------
dyk -----------------------------

13
thou ewY;
• jkosQ'k vius lkfFk;ksa dh ew[kZrk osQ dkj.k ?kcjk jgk FkkA mls xqLlk Hkh vk jgk Fkk vkSj jksuk HkhA
1- D;k ge jksdj] ?kcjkdj ;k xqLls esa fdlh eqf'dy ifjfLFkfr dk lkeuk dj ldrs gSa\ D;ksa\
2- xqLls ;k Øks/ dks 'kkar djus osQ fy, gesa D;k djuk pkfg,\

oqQN djus osQ fy,

1- uhps fn, x, laoknksa dks vfHku; osQ lkFk cksfy,µ
(d) ns[k] eq¡g l¡Hkkydj cksyA
([k) vksiQ! esjs flj ij D;ksa p<+s vk jgs gks\
(x) gs Hkxoku! u tkus esjh csVh dc Bhd gksxh\
(?k) HkbZ okg! ;g rks vPNh jghA
2- dgkuh ^ukVd esa ukVd* dks ukVd :i esa [ksyus osQ fy, fdl&fdl lkeku dh ”k:jr gksxh\ ml
lkeku dh ,d lwph cukb,A
3- ^ukVd esa ukVd* 'kh"kZd dgkuh dk fon~;ky;&eap ij eapu dhft,A

14
 fueZyk] lk¡i vkSj l;ky
fueZyk dks viuh lgsfy;ksa esa l;ky yguw HkkbZ Hkks;k cgqr cqjh yxrh FkhA l;ky osQ firk dk uke yguw HkkbZ
Hkks;k FkkA l;ky osQ O;ogkj vkSj xq.kksa dh lHkh iz'kalk djrs FksA fueZyk Hkyk l;ky dh rkjhi+Q DSQls lg ikrh!
yksx l;ky dh ek¡ ls dgrsµ^^dyxh csu] rqEgkjh ykMyh cM+h gksugkj gSA mldh I;kjh&lh eqldku lcdks [kq'k
dj nsrh gSA** ^I;kjh&lh eqldku* fueZyk fp<+dj cqncqnkrh] ^^gq¡g---nk¡r fudkys jgrh gS vkSj yksx dgrs gSaµ
I;kjh&lh eqldkuA**

ysfdu fueZyk eu&gh&eu ;g rks ekurh gS fd l;ky dh eqldku cgqr I;kjh gSA tc og g¡lrh gS rks
mldk vaMkdkj psgjk f[ky mBrk gSA vk¡[kksa esa ped vk tkrh gSA mldh NksVh] iryh ukd Åij dks mB tkrh
gS vkSj mlosQ xkyksa esa nks NksVs&NksVs xM~<s fn[kus yxrs gSaA
l;ky dh eqldku rks eksgd Fkh] foaQrq mldh iks'kkd mruh vkd"kZd u FkhA iScan yxs diM+ksa ls mldh
xjhch >k¡drh FkhA mlosQ gkFk esa iM+h pwfM+;k¡ Hkh mruh lqanj u Fkha] ftruh fueZyk dh pwfM+;k¡ FkhaA ;g Hkh lp
gS fd xqtjkr osQ ml NksVs&ls vkfnoklh xk¡o cjVkM esa bruh lqanj xys dh ekyk fdlh vkSj osQ ikl u Fkh tSlh
fueZyk osQ ikl FkhA
'kCnkFkZ% iScanµnwljs diM+s osQ VqdM+s

15
 l;ky cqn~fèk vkSj foosd esa Hkh fueZyk ls vkxs gSA fueZyk blfy, Hkh l;ky ls fp<+rh gSA l;ky dks LDwQy
tkuk vPNk yxrk gS vkSj fueZyk gjne bl ekSosQ dh rkd esa jgrh gS fd LDwQy NksM+dj [ksrksa esa tkus dks fey
tk,A ^^fueZyk--fueZyk!** >ksiM+h osQ vanj ls mldh ek¡ iqdkjrh gSA
^^vjs vkB ct x,] èkwi p<+ vkbZ vkSj eosf'k;ksa dks pjkus ys tkus okyk dksbZ ugha gSA tk csVk] tkA vkt
rw pjk ykA LDwQy fdlh vkSj fnu pyh tkukA**
fueZyk [kq'kh ls mNy iM+h vkSj eosf'k;ksa dks gk¡drs gq, xk¡o osQ èkwy Hkjs jkLrs ij py iM+hA
DqQN iQyk±x dh nwjh ikj djus osQ ckn fueZyk taxy dh vksj eqM+ xbZA ogk¡ DqQN gh nwjh ij FkksM+h&lh [kqyh
gqbZ txg Fkh] tgk¡ eos'kh vkjke ls pjk, tk ldrs FksA
vpkud gh og ”kksj ls xqLlk gksdj cM+cM+kbZA dkj.k ;g Fkk fd ftl cjxn osQ isM+ dh Nk;k esa mldk
vM~Mk Fkk ogk¡ vkt dksbZ cSBk FkkA isM+ osQ rus ls fVdh ihB ns[kdj gh og le> xbZ fd og l;ky gSA

xk;ksa dh ?kafV;ksa dh vkok”k lqudj l;ky us bèkj&mèkj ns[kkA og fueZyk dks ns[kdj cgqr [kq'k gqbZ vkSj gkFk
fgykdj mls cqykus yxhµ^^, fueZyk---bèkj vk tk---Nk;k esaA** ysfdu l;ky dh mis{kk djrh gqbZ fueZyk FkksM+h
vkxs fudy xbZA
fueZyk osQ eos'kh uje ?kkl [kkstus osQ fy, fc[kj x,A fueZyk bèkj&mèkj ns[kdj lkspus yxh fd og fdèkj
tkdj cSBsA vkf[kj mlus ,d >kM+h ns[kh] ftldh Nk;k esa og cSB ldrh FkhA og ?kqVuksa osQ cjkcj Å¡ph ?kkl
osQ chp esa ls gksrh gqbZ ogk¡ igq¡p xbZA
'kCnkFkZ% foosdµHkys&cqjs dh le>_ eos'khµxk;] cSy] vkfn_ iQyk±xµnks lkS chl xt_ mis{kk djukµè;ku u nsuk

16
 fueZyk dks ,d ckj fiQj l;ky us iqdkjk] ysfdu fueZyk us ml vksj dksbZ è;ku u fn;kA

^iqQLl---l---l---*_
vpkud ;g ÝqQiQdkj lqudj fueZyk osQ izk.k lw[k x,A mlus eqMd + j ns[kkµ,d nSR;kdkj vtxj lk¡i mldh
vksj tyrh vk¡[kksa ls ?kwj jgk FkkA og ckjg i+QhV ls Hkh T+;knk yack FkkA og fueZyk osQ brus u”knhd Fkk fd og
ogk¡ ls Hkkxus dk lkgl Hkh u dj ldhA og ph[kuk pkgrh Fkh] ij Hk; osQ dkj.k mldh f?kX?kh c¡èk xbZ FkhA
vpkud lk¡i mNykA og cM+s xqLls ls fiQj ÝqQiQdkjkA fueZyk us viuh f”aknxh esa ,slk Hk;kud n`'; u dHkh
ns[kk Fkk u dHkh lquk FkkA vpkud vtxj dk flj vkxs dks c<+k vkSj lkFk&gh&lkFk mlus iw¡N Hkh mBkbZA iyd
>idrs gh fueZyk dk ?kqVuk mldh DqQaMyh esa iQ¡l pqdk Fkk vkSj mlus vius tcM+ksa ls fueZyk dk iatk idM+
fy;k FkkA lk¡i dh l[+r idM+ ls fueZyk dks yxk fd mldh gM~fM;k¡ pwj&pwj gks tk,¡xhA mls yxk fd vc og
ej tk,xhA og ,dne ls fpYyk iM+hµ^^cpkvks---cpkvks---A**
fueZyk us lk¡i dks >Vdkjus dh dksf'k'k dh] ysfdu mls Nwus dh Hkh fgEer u dj ldhA lk¡i mlosQ iSj
esa DqQaMyh ekjdj fyiVk gqvk FkkA vpkud lk¡i ij fdlh us ykBh ls okj fd;kA
;g geyk l;ky us fd;k FkkA lk¡i xqLls ls fryfeyk mBkA fiQj Hkh mlus viuh idM+ u NksM+hA
^^l;ky---l;ky---eSa ej jgh gw¡A**
^^DqQN ugha gksxkA ?kcjkvks ugha]** l;ky fpYykbZ vkSj cM+h fuHkhZdrk ls lk¡i dh DqQaMyh [kksyus dh
dksf'k'k esa yx xbZA
'kCnkFkZ% izk.k lw[k tkukµcgqr Mj tkuk_ f?kX?kh c¡èkukµxys ls vkok”k u fudkyuk (Mj osQ dkj.k)_ fuHkhZdrkµfuMjrk] Hk;ghurk

17
 ^^eq>s bldk ”kgj p<+ jgk gS]** fueZyk fpYykbZA
^^vjs ;g vtxj gSA blosQ ”kgj ugha gksrk]** l;ky cksyhA
^^ysfdu eSa rks fgy gh ugha ldrhA**
^^rqe Mjh gqbZ gksA ?kcjkvks er---FkksM+k 'kkar jgksA eSa rqEgkjh enn osQ fy, gw¡ uA**
vc rd ykBh ls dke ugha cu jgk Fkk] blfy, l;ky us vius gkFkksa ls bl nSR; ls yM+us dk fu'p; fd;kA
mlus vtxj dk eq¡g idM+k vkSj mlosQ tcM+s [kksyus yxhA
fueZyk us Hkh viuh ihM+k dks lgus osQ fy, lkgl cVksjkA og VdVdh yxkdj l;ky dks ns[k jgh FkhA
l;ky us nk¡rksa dks Hkhap j[kk Fkk vkSj vtxj osQ eq¡g esa gkFk Mkydj mlosQ tcM+s iSQykus dh iwjh dksf'k'k dj
jgh FkhA mlosQ ekFks ls ilhuk cg jgk Fkk vkSj gkFkksa ls [kwuA fueZyk ,d {k.k osQ fy, le> gh ugha ikbZ fd
[kwu mlosQ iSj ls cg jgk gS ;k l;ky osQ gkFkksa lsA lkèkkj.k&lh fn[kus okyh l;ky dh cgknqjh ns[kdj fueZyk
gSjku FkhA l;ky us vkf[kj tcM+s iQkM+ fn,A lk¡i xqLls ls cgqr NViVk;kA
,d {k.k osQ fy, yxk fd mldh rkdr osQ lkeus 'kk;n l;ky u fVd losQA ysfdu tcM+s [kqyrs gh l;ky
fpYykbZ] ^^viuk iSj fudky] fueZyk--->Vdk ns--->Vdk nsA** mlus vtxj osQ tcM+ksa dks iwjh rjg [kksys j[kkA
fueZyk us mlosQ tcM+s ls iSj rks eqDr fd;k ysfdu DqQaMyh vHkh Hkh dlh gqbZ FkhA vkf[kj nksuksa us ”kksj yxk;k
'kCnkFkZ% VdVdh yxkukµyxkrkj ,d rji+Q ns[kuk

18
rks DqQaMyh dk ncko de gqvkA l;ky us bruh ”kksj ls >Vdk fn;k fd fueZyk lk¡i dh DqQaMyh ls NwVdj nwj tk
fxjhA vc lk¡i dk f'kdkj l;ky FkhA
l;ky us fueZyk dks Hkkx tkus osQ fy, dgkA ysfdu og ,slk u dj ldhA og l;ky dh enn djuk pkgrh
FkhA mlus ns[kk vtxj l;ky ij ckj&ckj geyk dj jgk gS vkSj l;ky cM+s lkgl ls mldk lkeuk dj jgh gSA
fueZyk us ,d {k.k osQ fy, lkspk fd ,slh lkglh vkSj ohj l;ky ls eSa O;FkZ gh fp<+rh jghA vkt ;g u
gksrh rks ;g nSR; eq>s [kk tkrk vkSj vc bl nSR; ls eSa l;ky dks ugha cpk ik jgh gw¡A
l;ky iwjh rkdr ls vtxj osQ eq¡g dks idM+dj ihNs gVkus esa yxh FkhA l;ky osQ dk¡irs daèks crk jgs Fks
fd vc mldh 'kfDr f'kfFky iM+ jgh gSA

lk¡i cM+h ”kksj ls ÝqQiQdkjkA mlus ,d ckj fiQj viuk flj c<+k;k vkSj l;ky dh Nkrh osQ ikl vk x;kA
l;ky fiQj mlosQ tcM+s idM+dj mls ihNs gVkus yxhA mlus ,d ckj fiQj fueZyk dks Hkkx tkus osQ fy, dgkA
rHkh fueZyk us ns[kk fd vtxj l;ky dks fxjkdj mlosQ Åij iM+k gSA ,d {k.k osQ fy, l;ky fcyDqQy tM+
gks xbZA
cgqr Hk;kud n`'; FkkA lk¡i l;ky dks fuxyuk pkgrk Fkk vkSj l;ky fgEer ls mldk eqdkcyk dj jgh
FkhA mldh vkok”k de”kksj gks jgh FkhA fueZyk us l;ky dh èkheh vkok”k lquh---
^^Hkkx tk fueZykA** ysfdu fueZyk vc DSQls Hkkxrh] viuh lgsyh dks ekSr osQ eq¡g esa Mkydj Hkkx tkrh\
rHkh mlus ns[kk fd l;ky esa vn~Hkqr 'kfDr vk xbZ gSA mlus ,d ckj esa ml nSR; dks >Vddj nwj isaQd fn;k
'kCnkFkZ% f'kfFky iM+ukµ<hyk iM+uk] de”kksj iM+uk

19
vkSj fctyh dh rjg Hkkx [kM+h gqbZA
^^Hkkx py fueZyk---eosf'k;ksa dks Hkh ys py---**
vc fueZyk Hkh Hkkxus yxhA mlus ihNs eqM+dj u rks ns[kk vkSj u ns[kus dk lkgl dj ldhA cl Hkkxrh jgh
---Hkkxrh jghA DqQN nsj ckn ihNs&ihNs l;ky Hkh vk xbZ vkSj fueZyk dk gkFk idM+dj nkSM+us yxhA os nkSM+rh jgha
vkSj ogk¡ tkdj #dha tgk¡ eos'kh 'kkafr ls pj jgs Fks vkSj dksbZ [krjk u FkkA

nksuksa cM+h nsj rd gk¡i+Qrh jgha vkSj fcuk DqQN cksys ,d&nwljs dks ns[krh jghaA
vpkud fueZyk dh vk¡[kksa ls vk¡lw cgus yxs vkSj mlosQ gksaB FkjFkjk mBsA mlus l;ky ls dgk fd vxj
og u gksrh rks lk¡i mls ekj MkyrkA l;ky us mls èkS;Z c¡/k;k vkSj dgk fd lc Bhd gks tk,xkA
fueZyk us l;ky dks bl rjg ns[kk tSls vkt igyh ckj og mls igpku ikbZ gSA
fueZyk us dgk] ^^l;ky! eSa rqEgsa viuh eksfr;ksa dh ekyk HksaV esa nsuk pkgrh gw¡A**
^^ysfdu D;ksa\ vxj rqEgkjh txg eSa gksrh rks rqe Hkh rks esjh enn djrhaA**
fueZyk us 'keZ ls viuk flj >qdk fy;kA mlus vius xys ls ekyk mrkjdj l;ky dks nsrs gq, dgk] ^^rqe
bls ys yksA ;g rqEgkjs bl Lusg dh ;kn fnyk,xhA**
l;ky cM+h nsj rd fueZyk dh vk¡[kksa esa ns[krh jghA fiQj mlosQ FkosQ ihys psgjs ij vpkud ,d lq[kn
eqldku iSQy xbZ vkSj og Hkko Hkjs Loj esa cksyh] ^^yw¡xh] ”k:j yw¡xhA**

µflx#u JhokLro

20
 vH;kl

ikB esa ls
1- l;ky dks lc D;ksa ilan djrs Fks\
2- lk¡i n~okjk idM+s tkus ij fueZyk dks D;k yxk\
3- lk¡i ij geyk fdlus vkSj oSQls fd;k\
4- fueZyk us Lo;a dks cprs ns[k vkSj l;ky dks vtxj dk f'kdkj djrs ns[k D;k lkspk\
5- fjDr LFkku Hkfj,µ
(d) l;ky osQ firk dk uke ------------------------------------------ FkkA
([k) oqQN iQykZax dh nwjh ikj djus osQ ckn fueZyk ------------------------------------------ dh vksj eqM+ xbZA
(x) fueZyk us Hkh viuh ihM+k dks lgus osQ fy, ------------------------------------------ cVksjkA
(?k) ,d {k.k osQ fy, l;ky fcyoqQy ------------------------------------------ gks xbZA
(Ä) fueZyk us l;ky ls dgk fd vxj og u gksrh rks lk¡i mls ------------------------------------------ MkyrkA
6- ikB osQ vk/kj ij uhps oqQN okD; fn, x, gSaA dgkuh dh ?kVukvksa osQ vuqlkj muosQ vkxs Øe
la[;k fyf[k,µ
vpkud ;g iqQiQdkj lqudj fueZyk osQ izk.k lw[k x,A
fueZyk [kq'kh ls mNy iM+h vkSj eosf'k;ksa dks gk¡drs gq, xk¡o osQ /wy Hkjs jkLrs ij py iM+hA
vpkud lk¡i ij fdlh us ykBh ls okj fd;kA
lk¡i l;ky dks fuxyuk pkgrk FkkA
xk;ksa dh ?kafV;ksa dh vkok”k lqudj l;ky us b/j&m/j ns[kkA

ckrphr osQ fy,

1- l;ky osQ dk¡irs oaQ/s D;k crk jgs Fks\
2- l;ky us fueZyk dks Hkkx tkus osQ fy, D;ksa dgk\
3- vkidks LowQy esa D;k&D;k vPNk yxrk gS vkSj D;ksa\

21
vuqeku vkSj dYiuk
1- l;ky fueZyk dh lgk;rk u djrh rks D;k gksrk\
2- fueZyk dks [ksrksa esa tkuk D;ksa vPNk yxrk gksxk\
3- ;fn vki fueZyk dh rjg fdlh eqlhcr essa iQ¡l tk,¡xs] rks vki D;k djsaxs\

Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- ikB esa ls uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ leku vFkZ okys 'kCn <w¡<dj fyf[k,µ
(d) jk{kl µ ------------------------------- (x) vJq µ -------------------------------
([k) lkgl µ ------------------------------- (?k) fofp=k µ -------------------------------
2- uhps fy[ks fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dks 'kCn&dks'k osQ Øekuqlkj fyf[k,µ
ped] ohj] NksVh] iryh] eksgd] vaMkdkj] Å¡ph] ,d] Hk;kud] igyhA
------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -------------------------

1 2 3 4 5
------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -------------------------

6 7 8 9 10

3- ikB esa vk, dksbZ rhu eqgkojs Nk¡Vdj fyf[k, o muosQ vFkZ Hkh fyf[k,µ
(d) eqgkojk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vFkZ
([k) eqgkojk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vFkZ µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) eqgkojk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vFkZ µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

22
thou ewY;
• fueZyk vkSj l;ky nksuksa fe=k FkhaA
1- D;k l;ky us fueZyk ls fe=krk fuHkkbZ\ oSQls\
2- vki vius fe=kksa esa dkSu&dkSu ls xq.k ns[kuk pkgsaxs vkSj D;ksa\

oqQN djus osQ fy,

1- vfHku; n~okjk vius psgjs ls fn, x, Hkkoksa dks vfHkO;Dr dhft,µ
(d) xqLls ls NViVkuk
([k) VdVdh yxkdj ns[kuk
(x) Hk;Hkhr gksuk
(?k) oqQ<+uk
(Ä) #vk¡lk gksuk
(p) [kq'k gksuk
2- vxj fueZyk ij gkFkh us geyk fd;k gksrk rks l;ky mls oSQls cpkrh\ viuh dYiuk ls dgkuh cukb,
vkSj d{kk esa lqukb,A

23