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R6: Complex Numbers and More Quadratic Equations: Tze Ru - Si Fi

This document discusses complex numbers and solving quadratic equations. It defines complex numbers as being in the form a + bi, where a is the real part and b is the imaginary part. Powers of i follow a repeating pattern of i, -1, -i, 1. Quadratic equations can be solved by factoring, using the quadratic formula, or applying the discriminant. The discriminant determines whether there are two real solutions, one real solution, or two complex solutions.

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86 views9 pages

R6: Complex Numbers and More Quadratic Equations: Tze Ru - Si Fi

This document discusses complex numbers and solving quadratic equations. It defines complex numbers as being in the form a + bi, where a is the real part and b is the imaginary part. Powers of i follow a repeating pattern of i, -1, -i, 1. Quadratic equations can be solved by factoring, using the quadratic formula, or applying the discriminant. The discriminant determines whether there are two real solutions, one real solution, or two complex solutions.

Uploaded by

khalidsunay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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https://drive.explaineverything.

com/thecode/DCPVGRL

R6: Complex Numbers and more Quadratic

Equations

1.Simplify the Imaginary Numbers 𝒊

Given real numbers 𝑎 and 𝑏, written in the form 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 is called

a complex number.

The value𝒂is called the real part and the value 𝒃 is called the

imaginary part.

For example: in the complex number 𝟑 − 𝟐𝑖 ,

3 is the real part and −𝟐 is the imaginary part.

• 𝑖 = √−1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖 2 = −1

• if 𝑏 is a positive real number, then √−𝑏 = 𝑖√𝑏

Example1: Writing imaginary numbers in terms of 𝑖.

Write each expression in terms of 𝑖:

a) √−36

6 i

b) √−20
Tze i ru.si 3 Tsi

c) √−7
Fi

i² =-1

i−¹=−i

The Power of 𝒊:

Pattern Pattern
𝑖1 = 𝑖 𝑖1 = 𝑖 𝑖5 = 𝑖 repeats
𝑖2 = −1 𝑖 2 = −1 i 𝑖 6 = −1 i
𝑖3 = 𝑖 2 ∙ 𝑖 = −1 ∙ 𝑖 = −𝑖 𝑖 3 = −𝑖 -1 𝑖 7 = −𝑖 -1
𝑖4 = (𝑖 2 )2 = (−1)2 = 1 𝑖4 = 1 -i 𝑖8 = 1 -i
𝑖5 = 𝑖4 ∙ 𝑖 = 1 ∙ 𝑖 = 𝑖 𝑖5 = 𝑖 1 𝑖9 = 𝑖 1

Now;
To compute the value of a higher power of i, determine whether the
power is a multiple of 4, one more than a multiple of 4, two more thana
multiple of 4, or three more than a multiple of 4. Then apply the
following:
• i4n = 1
• i4n+1 = i
• i4n+2 = –1
• i4n+3 = –i

For example;
i444 = i4(111) = 1
i3003 = i4(750)+3 = –i
i54321 = i4(13,580)+1 = i
i111002 = i4(27,750)+2 = –1.
Example2: Simplify the Powers of 𝑖. Simplify if possible.
24
a) 𝑖 48 is
f gjss 24

b) 𝑖13 i i
Cig i
if i
I i i
c) 𝑖10
Cigs figs I

d i i't j
CiD i
8
fi C i
C Dd Gi
i C i i
2.Perform operations on Complex Numbers

Adding and Subtracting Complex Numbers


Example3:Perform the indicated operations, and write the
answer in the form of 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖.
tT tf2t2i tC
(−3 + 4𝑖) + (−2 + 2𝑖) − (5 + 3𝑖)
C 3 4 5 3D
lo 3i

Multiplying Complex Numbers


Example4: Multiply. Write the result in the form 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖.

(2 + 3𝑖A
)(−4 − 2𝑖) P Ui Di Gi
X P Ui Di GCD
P Ui Di 16
3 IGI
Note:

If 𝑥 and 𝑦 are two real numbers, then:


1. (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
2. (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
3. The conjugate of the complex number 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 is 𝑥 − 𝑦𝑖 .

Evaluating special products with complex numbers

Example(5): Multiply. Write the result in the form 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖.


I
)2
a) (2 + 3𝑖 2 K2 i
4t12it9i 7
41 12 i g
s 5 121
b) (4 + 5𝑖)(4 − 5𝑖)

45 si 16 Isi

6 25ft
6 3
41
Product of Complex Conjugates:

If 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real numbers, then (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖)(𝑎 − 𝑏𝑖) = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

ja
Dividing Complex Numbers.
3 It 24 it 8 it 6is
26 t 32 i

p
Example 6:
Divide. Write the result in the form 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖.

8 + 2𝑖 i
4 − 3𝑖 sags
s
26 32
l
t z
Ts s

3.Solve Quadratic Equations over the set of Complex


Numbers.
Example7:
Solve the equation by applying the square root property.
2𝑥 2 + 16 = 0
16
Z Z
re or
2x u
X it
x Tzu
X I z iz
Using Discriminant to determine the Number and Type of
Solutions to a Quadratic Equation.

Given a quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 , where 𝑎 ≠ 0.


The quantity 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄is called the discriminant.

Discriminant Number and Type Example


𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 of Solution

𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 < 𝟎 Two Nonreal 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓 = 𝟎


solutions 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 = (−𝟒)𝟐 − 𝟒(𝟐)(𝟓)
= 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟒𝟎 = −𝟐𝟒 < 0
𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 = 𝟎 One 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
real solution 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 = (−𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟒(𝟏)(𝟏)
=𝟒−𝟒=𝟎
𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 > 𝟎 Two real solutions 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 = (𝟏)𝟐 − 𝟒(𝟐)(−𝟏)
= 𝟏 + 𝟗 = 𝟏𝟎 > 0
Example9:Use the discriminant to determine the number and the
type of solutions for each equation. a 4
a) 2
4𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 1 = 0
be 2 c

C 2B UCU G 4 16 12
b) 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 0 9 1 10 4 c y
4334 y
16 16

c) 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 a Z b 3 C 2
35 4 XD
9 16 25

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