11 Design of Pile For Initial Load Test: 11.1 Lateral Capacity of Piles

11 Design of Pile For Initial Load test
11.1 Lateral Capacity of Piles

The depth of fixity and lateral capacity of pile have been worked out as per IS 2911-2010 Part 1 / sec2
Appendix C (clause 6.5.2). The soil properties have been considerd in line with geotech report. Free head
condition of piles is assumed
11.1.1 Input Data

Diameter of the pile D = 1200 mm
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete fck = 40 MPa
Characteristic yield strength of steel fyk = 500 Mpa
Partial factor for Reinforcement gs = 1.15 (IRC:112-2011,cl.no.6.2.2)
Design Yield Strength of Reinforcement fyd = 435 MPa

Characteristic yield strength of stirrups fywk = 500 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity for steel Es = 2E+05 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity for concrete Ecm = 33000 mPa
Clear cover c = 75 mm
Gross cross section area of concrete AC = 1130973 mm2
Moment of Inertia I = (pi x d4) / 64
4
= 0.1018 m
Length of Pile L = 16.000 m
Shift due to tilt in pile S' = L/150
= 0.1067 m
Shift in Pile S = 0.0750 m
Minimum eccentricity for Vertical Load e = 0.1817 m
11.1.2 Calculation of depth of fixity
The depth of fixity is determined from the codal provisions and the graph given there.
For piles in sands & Pre loaded clays,
4 EI where; ηh is read from the Table 3
Stiffness Factor = R = KB
K = 4.5 MN / m3 (From Geotech Report)

R = 5.09 m
= 5.09 m
Free Length of pile ( L1 ) = Pile cap bottom Level - Scour Level
L1 = 0.00 m
Hence; L1 / R = 0 / 5.086
= 0.00
Therefore from the graph we read the corresponding value of " Lf / R".
Lf / R = 1.91 (IS:2911-2010, Fig.4)
Hence; Lf = 1.91 x 5.086
Lf = 9.71 m
Page 1
Actual Moment = M
Fixed End Moment = MF
MF = Q ( L1 + Lf ) (Free head Pile Condition)
M = m.MF where, m is reduction factor
M = m * Q * (L1 + Lf) obtained from IS - 2911
m = 0.3 (IS:2911-2010, Fig.5B)
Q = 88.8 T (For Initial Pile Load test)
M = 258.6 T m
= 2586.4 kN m
11.1.3 Design of Pile
Provide Diameter of londitudinal bar = 25 + 0 mm

Number of longitudinal bars = 22 16 no.
Clear spacing provided between vertical bars = 120 > 100 mm
Safe (IRC:78-2014,cl.no.709.4.4)
Diameter of lateral ties = 12 mm
Spacing of lateral ties provided = 150 mm
Effective cover d' = 99.5 mm

Effective depth of Pile deff = 1100.5 mm
Area of reinforcement provided Ast provd = 10799 mm2
Minimum area of reinforcement required Astmin = 0.4% of AG
[ IRC:112-2011, cl.no. 16.2.2 (4)] 4524 mm2 OK
Percentage of steel provided pt % = 0.95 %

Effective cover to Depth Ratio d' / D = 0.08
Page 2
11.1.4 Check for Axial and Flexure Capacities
The pile is checked for maximum axial load with corresponding BM case and maximum BM with
Maximum compression capacity of pile Puz = Ac * fcd + Ay * fyd [IRC 112:2011, cl.no. 8.3.2 (4)]
where, Ac = 1130973 mm2

fcd = 17.9 N/mm2
Ay = 10799 mm2
fyd = 435 N/mm2
Puz = 24904 kN
Max Axial Load and corresponding BM
Maximum Axial Load on Pile Pmax = 9375 kN
Considering minimum Eccentricity of Load e = 0.182 m

due to tilt & shift in pile
P/Pz 0.376
a 2.00
Bending Moment, M = 1703 kN m
For, p/fck = 0.0239 Mux/fck.D^3 = 0.1 (From SP 16)

P/fckD^2 = 0.1628
Moment Capacity, .`. Mu = 6912 kN m

M / Mu = 0.25 Safe
Maximum Horizontal Force and corresponding BM
Max horizontal force at top of pile (Factored load) = 88.8 T
Hmax = 887.5 kN
Corresponding P = 100 kN (Assumed)
Maximum Bending Moment Mmax = 2586 kN m
For, p/fck = 0.0239 Mu/fck.D^3 = 0.045 (From SP 16)

P/fckD^2 = 0.0017
.`. Mu = 3110 kN m
M / Mu = 0.83 Safe
Page 3
11.1.5 Check for Shear Capacity ( IRC:112-2011, cl.no.10.3.2(2))
Effective depth deff = 1101 mm
Equivalent Width b = SQRT(3.14/4×1200^2)
1063 mm
Design shear force, VEd = 887.5

888 kN
Vccd = 0 kN For Uniform cross section
Vtd = 0 kN For Uniform cross section
VRd s = VNS = Ved - Vccd - Vtd
= 888 kN
Maximum Allowabe Shear Force ( for maximum shear force take Ɵ = 45 0 )
VRd.max = αcw x bw x z x v1 x (fcd/(cotƟ+tanƟ)) ( IRC:112-2011, cl 10.3.3.2, Eq10.8 )

where,
αcw = 1
z = lever arm = 0.9d (For RCC)
v1 is the strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear
v1 = 0.52 ( IRC:112-2011, Eq10.6 )
Ɵ= 45 (CotƟ = 1)
fcd is the design value of concrete compression strength =αcc x fck /ɣm ( IRC: 112-2011, cl. no. 10.3.1 )
αcc = 0.67 (Refer IRC:112-2011, Pg.87)
ɣm = 1.50 (Partial factors for concrete for ULS)
fcd = 17.9 N/mm2
VRd.max = 4917 kN Safe
Allowable Shear Force without Shear Reinforcement

VRd c = ( 0.12 x K (80 x ρ1 x fck )0.33 + 0.15 x σcp) bw x d ( IRC:112-2011, cl 10.3.2(2) )
But, VRd.c min = (vmin + 0.15 x σcp) bw x d
where, K= 1+sqrt(200/d) <=2, where d is the depth in mm.

VRd c = The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement.
vmin = 0.031 x K^3/2 x fck^1/2
σcp = Concrete compressive stress at centroidal axis due to axial loading or prestressing.
ρ1 = Reinforcement ratio for longitudinal reinforcement , = Ast / (bw x d) <=0.02
K = 1.4
ρ1 = 0.005
σcp = 0
VRd c min = 378 kN
VRd c = 357 kN
Page 4
Shear Reinforcement is Required
Provide 2L 12mm dia stirrups
Asw = 226 mm2
s= Spacing provided = 150 mm
z= lever arm = 0.9d
Ɵ = 33.95 0
Ɵ is between 21.8 & 45
Hence provide 2L 12mm dia at 150mm c/c
3
Volumetric Area of Shear Reinforcement = 1508 mm
3
Volumetric Area of Concrete = 1.7E+08 mm
Reinforcement ratio for shear reinforcement, σw = 0.0013
Check for minimum shear reinforcement:

Minimum shear reinforcement ratio, σmin =
( 0.072 x sqrt ( fck )) / fyk = Asw ( IRC:112-2011, cl.no.10.3.3.5 )
bw x s
where, fyk = The characteristic yield strength of steel
s= The spacing of the stirrups
Asw = The c/s area of the shear reinforcement
σmin = 0.0009 Safe
Page 5

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11 Design of Pile For Initial Load test

11.1 Lateral Capacity of Piles

11.1.1 Input Data

Design Yield Strength of Reinforcement fyd = 435 MPa

K = 4.5 MN / m3 (From Geotech Report)

m = 0.3 (IS:2911-2010, Fig.5B)

Q = 88.8 T (For Initial Pile Load test)

11.1.3 Design of Pile

Provide Diameter of londitudinal bar = 25 + 0 mm

Effective cover d' = 99.5 mm

Percentage of steel provided pt % = 0.95 %

where, Ac = 1130973 mm2

Max Axial Load and corresponding BM

Maximum Axial Load on Pile Pmax = 9375 kN

Considering minimum Eccentricity of Load e = 0.182 m

Bending Moment, M = 1703 kN m

For, p/fck = 0.0239 Mux/fck.D^3 = 0.1 (From SP 16)

Moment Capacity, .`. Mu = 6912 kN m

Maximum Horizontal Force and corresponding BM

Max horizontal force at top of pile (Factored load) = 88.8 T

Corresponding P = 100 kN (Assumed)

Maximum Bending Moment Mmax = 2586 kN m

For, p/fck = 0.0239 Mu/fck.D^3 = 0.045 (From SP 16)

Design shear force, VEd = 887.5

Maximum Allowabe Shear Force ( for maximum shear force take Ɵ = 45 0 )

VRd.max = αcw x bw x z x v1 x (fcd/(cotƟ+tanƟ)) ( IRC:112-2011, cl 10.3.3.2, Eq10.8 )

Allowable Shear Force without Shear Reinforcement

where, K= 1+sqrt(200/d) <=2, where d is the depth in mm.

Hence provide 2L 12mm dia at 150mm c/c

Check for minimum shear reinforcement:

σmin = 0.0009 Safe

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