LQLDGVRB DGSA3 Public Health PDF

Design Guide for Saudi Arabia
Minimum design standards for public health services

This publication is supplied by CIBSE for the sole use of the person making the download; it should not be copied or forwarded to any other person or information source.
Design Guide for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:
Minimum design standards for public health services
DGSA03: 2021
The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers

222 Balham High Road, London SW12 9BS
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means without the prior permission of the Institution.
© September 2021 The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, London
ISBN 978-1-914543-02-9 (PDF)
Registered charity number 278104
This document is based on the best knowledge available at the time of publication. However no responsibility
of any kind for any injury, death, loss, damage or delay however caused resulting from the use of these
recommendations can be accepted by the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, the authors or
others involved in its publication. In adopting these recommendations for use each adopter by doing so agrees
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with their use by or on behalf of such adopter irrespective of the cause or reason therefore and agrees to defend,
indemnify and hold harmless the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, the authors and others
involved in their publication from any and all liability arising out of or in connection with such use as aforesaid
and irrespective of any negligence on the part of those indemnified.
Editing, typesetting, layout and design by CIBSE Knowledge
Cover illustration: Saudi Arabia skyline silhouette ©Shutterstock/Sky and glass
Principal authors: CIBSE UAE Technical Committee

Isaac Coker (Chairperson) (WSP), Thawfeek Ahamed, Alejandro Falcon Bonilla (Ramboll), Pedro Cadima (Buro
Happold), Mahmoud Derbala (AECOM), Reid Donovan (AECOM), Ashveen Jeetun (Buro Happold), Stephen Kelly
(Ramboll), Pradosh Krishnamoorthy (WSP), John Myers (WME), Farah Naz (AECOM), Giovani Tauckoor (WSP), Drew
Tinsley (WSP), Hassan Younes (grfn global).
Acknowledgements
The CIBSE gratefully acknowledges the Chartered Institute of Heating and Public Health Engineers and ASHRAE for
permission to reproduce copyright material.
Editor
Ken Butcher
Editorial Manager
Ken Butcher
CIBSE Technical Director

Hywel Davies
Note from the publisher

This publication is primarily intended to provide guidance to those responsible for the design, installation,
commissioning, operation and maintenance of building services. It is not intended to be exhaustive or definitive
and it will be necessary for users of guidance to exercise their own professional judgement when deciding
whether to abide by or depart from it.
Any commercial products depicted, mentioned or described within this publication are included for the purposes
of illustration only and their inclusion does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Institution.
This document aims at establishing the minimum design standards for the design of public health systems
for buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It does not relieve the designer of responsibility for accurately
determining design arrangements and/ or complying with the local authority requirements and/ or relevant
international codes or regulatory requirements. It should be used for initial design guidance, and provides
minimum design requirements for specific design issues.
This guide has been produced in good faith by the CIBSE UAE Technical Committee to promote best engineering
practices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, without legal or financial liability of CIBSE UAE or the authors, in order
to assist engineers coming from elsewhere in the world to work in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It should be read
alongside existing CIBSE guidance relevant to the region, including Buildings for Extreme Environments: Arid.
Contents
1 Design codes, standards and guidance 5
2 Local green building requirements 5
3 Domestic cold water services, design criteria, codes, standards

and regulations 6
4 Water storage design criteria 7
5 Pipe sizing 8
6 Legionella control 8
7 Domestic hot water services, design criteria, codes, standards

and regulations 9
7.1 Centralised hot water systems 10
7.2 Localised hot water systems 11
8 Foul and waste water drainage systems, design criteria, codes,

standards and regulations 13
8.1 System flows 13
8.2 Condensate drainage, design criteria, codes, standards

and regulations 14
9 Stormwater design criteria, codes, standards and regulations 14
10 Fuel gas systems, design criteria, codes, standards and regulations 15
11 Water services design considerations 15
11.1 Cold water storage, treatment and distribution 15
11.2 Hot water generation and distribution 15
11.3 Irrigation 16
11.4 Heat rejection 16
12 Foul and waste water drainage system design consideration 16
12.1 Underground drainage 16
12.2 Above-ground drainage 16
13 Storm water design consideration 18
13.1 KSA climatic zones 18
13.2 Jeddah stormwater data (Zone 1) 19
13.3 Riyadh stormwater data (Zone 1) 20
13.4 Tabuk stormwater data (Zone 2) 21
13.5 Soakaway design 21
14 Fuel gas design consideration 22
References 22
Minimum design standards for public health services 5
1 Design codes, standards and guidance
The design, specification and installation of public health services should be in accordance
with good engineering practice and should conform to, but not be limited to, the following
standards, codes of practice and regulations applicable in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA):
— Saudi Building Codes (SBC)
— Saudi Civil Defence Requirements (SCD)
— Saudi Arabia National Water Company (NWC)
— MEWA Water and Wastewater Master Plan Guidelines
— Saudi Civil Defence Requirements (SCD)
— International Plumbing Code (IPC) (ICC, 2021a)
— American Society of Plumbing Engineers (ASPE)
— Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) (IAPMO, 2021)
— British Standards (BS)
— European Norms (EN)
— International Standards (ISO)
— Water Research Centre (UK) publications
— Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering (CIPHE) (formerly the Institute
of Plumbing (IoP)) good practice and design guides.
The public health systems covered in this section are as follows:
— local green building requirements
— domestic water systems (hot and cold)
— drainage systems
— rainwater systems
— gas systems.
The main objectives should be to:
— ensure that all water supplies are clear, odourless, tasteless and wholesome for use
— ensure that the system is protected against Legionella
— provide potable water in the amount and at the pressure required by the building
occupancy and type of plumbing fixtures utilised in the building
— prevent contamination from non-potable liquids, solids or gases
— prevent water hammer conditions by providing air chambers and correct bracketry
— minimise leakage and wastage
— make use of sustainable material and methods
— minimise the consumption of energy.
2 Local green building requirements

Green building requirement shall comply with SBC-1001: Saudi Green Construction Code
(SBCNC, 2018a) and Mostadam rating systems:
— Mostadam Rating System: Communities D+C Manual (MoH, 2019a)
— Mostadam Rating System: Residential Buildings O+E Manual (MoH, 2019b)
6 Design Guide for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Table 2.1 below defines the water services maximum flow rates based on Mostadam O+E
Manual (MoH, 2019b), Table W-01.2, ‘Maximum flow rate or volume per water fixture’.
All water supply connections to appliances should be fitted with an automatic flow limiting
valve (AFL) to offer further reductions to the overall water consumption of individual
appliances. The number of credit points achieved is dependent on the percentage reduction
of indoor water consumption compared to the baseline (Table W-01.1 (MoH, 2019b)).
Table 2.1 Maximum flow rate or volume for each water fixture and appliance
(source: Mostadam O+E Manual (MoH, 2019b), Table W-01.2)
Appliance Maximum flow rate
Lavatory faucet 5.7 litre/min. at 414 kPa
Kitchen faucet 6.84 litre/min. at 414 kPa
Urinal 1.89 litres per flush
Water closet: tank type 4.86 litres per flush (Watersense labelled)
Water closet: flushometer type 4.86 litres per flush
Shower head/hand-held spray 7.6 litre/min. at 552 kPa
(Watersense labelled)
Drinking fountain (manual) 2.66 litre/min.
Washing machine 125.9 litres per cycle
Dishwasher 24 litres per cycle
3 Domestic cold water services, design criteria, codes,

standards and regulations
The design, specification and installation of cold water systems should be in accordance
standards, codes of practice and regulations applicable to KSA:
— SBC-701: Saudi Plumbing Code (SBCNC, 2018b)
— International Plumbing Code (IPC) (ICC, 2021a)
— ASPE Plumbing Engineer Design Handbook: Volume 1-2017, Volume 2-2018, Volume
3-2019 and Volume 4-2016 (ASPE, 2016–2018)
— CIBSE Guide G: Public health and plumbing engineering (CIBSE, 2014)
— BS EN 806* (BSI, 2000–2010)
— BS 8558* (BSI, 2015)
— HSE L8: Legionnaires’ disease. The control of legionella bacteria in water systems (HSE,
2013)
— HSE HSG274: Legionnaires’ disease. Technical guidance (three Parts) (HSE, 2014)
— Guidelines for drinking-water quality (WHO, 2017)
— Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide (IoP, 2002).
Maintain a maximum velocity in the water supply piping as per Table 3.1 below to prevent
noise and decrease the danger of surge pressure shock.
* Code to be followed only when local and US codes do not provide any specific information)
Table 3.1 Maximum velocity in water supply piping to prevent noise and decrease the danger of
surge pressure shock (source: Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide (IoP, 2002), Table 17)
Location Noise rating Metal pipes Plastic pipes
(NR) (m/s) (m/s)
Service duct, riser, shaft, plant room 50 2.0 2.5
Service enclosure, ceiling void 40 1.5 1.5
Circulation area, entrance corridor 35 1.5 1.5
Seating area, lecture/meeting room 30 1.25 1.25
Bedroom 25 1.0 1.0
Theatre, cinema 20 0.75 0.75
Recording studios Less than 20 0.5 0.5
4 Water storage design criteria

The following storage figures have been taken from Ministry of Environment, Water &
Agriculture’s Master Plan Guidelines (MEWA, 2018) to calculate the one-day total storage
requirement.
A total of one to two days’ storage should be allowed for in all buildings, therefore two times
the daily volume should form the basis of the total on-site water storage.
The water supply demand and storage requirements should be validated or approved by
MEWA in the early project stage.
Table 4.1 Water storage requirements (MEWA, 2018)

Type Storage (litre/person per day)
Residential 250–350
Mixed use residential 200–250
Villa 250–300
Labour accommodation 80–150
Commercial and retail 60–100
Mixed use commercial 60–100
Restaurant (per meal) 10–15
Hotel (per room including workers and visitors) 200–300
Workshop 60
Office 60–80
School 60–80
Mosque 10–60
Public amenity 10–60
Entertainment and leisure 60
Theatre 10–60
University 60–80
Manufacturing 60–80
Logistics and business zone 60–80
Nursery 60–80
Events venue 10–60
Gym/swimming pool 100
Note: The water demand should also be validated by the developer and might
deviate from the MEWA water demand requirement.
5 Pipe sizing
The size of water service mains, branch mains and risers shall be determined accordingly to
water supply demand (litre/minute), available water pressure (kPa) and friction loss due to
the water meter and developed length of pipe (m), including equivalent length of fittings.
Supply load in the building water distribution system shall be determined by total load on
the piped being sized, in terms of water supply fixture units (WSFU), as shown in SBC-701
(SBCNC, 2018b), Table E103.3(2).
Table 5.1 Water supply fixture units (WSFU) for water fittings
Fixture Occupancy Type or supply Load values,
control in water supply fixture units
(WSFU)
Cold Hot Total
Bathroom group Private Flush tank 2.7 1.5 3.6
Bathroom group Private Flushometer valve 6.0 3.0 8.0
Bidet Private Faucet 1.5 1.5 2.0
Combination fixture Private Faucet 2.25 2.25 3.0
Dishwashing machine Private Automatic — 1.4 1.4
Drinking fountain Offices, etc. 20 mm valve 0.25 — 0.25
Kitchen sink Private Faucet 1.0 1.0 1.4
Laundry trays (1 to 3) Private Faucet 1.0 1.0 1.4
Lavatory Private Faucet 0.5 0.5 0.7
Lavatory Public Faucet 1.5 1.5 2.0
Service sink Offices, etc. Faucet 2.25 2.25 3.0
Shower head Public Mixing valve 3.0 3.0 4.0
Shower head Private Mixing valve 1.0 1.0 1.4
Urinal Public 25 mm flushometer 10.0 — 10.0
valve
Urinal Public 20 mm flushometer 5.0 — 5.0
valve
Urinal Public Flush tank 3.0 — 3.0
Water closet Private Flushometer valve 6.0 — 6.0
Water closet Private Flush tank 2.2 — 2.2
Water closet Public Flushometer valve 10.0 — 10.0
Water closet Public Flush tank 5.0 — 5.0
Water closet Public or private Flushometer tank 2.0 — 2.0
Note: To convert the WSFU into flow rates, the corresponding value should be read from SBC-701, Table E103.3(3)
6 Legionella control
Legionella control should conform to, but not be limited to, the following standards, codes
of practice and regulations applicable to KSA:
2013)
— HSE HSG274: Legionnaires’ disease. Technical guidance (three Parts) (HSE, 2014)
— Guidelines for drinking-water quality (WHO, 2017)
Bacterial protection should be incorporated to protect against the risk of Legionella; the
acceptable primary forms of water treatment are as below:
— Temperature control: It is recommended that hot water should be stored at 60 °C and
distributed so that, after one minute of running, a temperature of at least 50 °C is
attainable at outlets. Cold water storage and distribution should be at 20 °C or below.
— Pasteurisation: Water systems must be flushed at least every six month with water of
not less than 70 °C for 5 minutes (or an equivalent temperature /time combination) or
treated with chlorine to provide minimum free chlorine of 1–2 mg /l at all outlets.
— Cu-Ag ionization treatment.
— Chlorination: This is the process of applying any of the chlorine-containing compounds
such as sodium hypochlorite (bleach solution) to the water to achieve the necessary
destruction of all bacteria. The maximum chlorine dosing shall not exceed 0.5 mg /l and
the residual chlorine at any fixtures within the water distribution system shall be at least
0.2 ppm (mg/l) as per WHO standards.
— Chlorine dioxide: This is an oxidizing biocide capable of reacting with a wide range of
organic substances. There are commercial systems available that release chlorine dioxide
from a stabilized precursor solution into water systems. The maximum value of chlorine
dioxide in water should not exceed 0.5 mg /l as chlorine dioxide. Chlorine dioxide level
of 0.5 mg/l can if properly managed, be effective against planktonic Legionella in both
hot and cold water systems.
— Ultraviolet light (UV), and ozone (O3 ): The previous treatment systems are effective
throughout the water system downstream to the point of application. UV and O3 can
be used to treat water at locations very close to the point of application.
The chlorination system should be designed carefully to ensure that there is no over-
chlorination dosing to the system, as this could affect the life span of the pipe material.
7 Domestic hot water services, design criteria, codes,

standards and regulations
The design, specification and installation of hot water systems should be in accordance
standards, codes of practice and specifications:
— CIBSE Guide G: Public health and plumbing engineering (CIBSE, 2014)
— BS EN 806: Specifications for installations inside buildings conveying water for human
consumption. Operation and maintenance (five Parts) (BSI, 2000–2010)
— BS 8558: Guide to the design, installation, testing and maintenance of services
supplying water for domestic use within buildings and their curtilages. Complementary
guidance to BS EN 806. (BSI, 2015)
— Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineers (CIPHE) guidance
— American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
guidance
— Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide (IoP, 2002)
— ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook: Volume 1-2017, Volume 2-2018,
Volume 3-2019 and Volume 4-2016 (ASPE, 2016–2018)
2013)
— BRE IP14/03: Preventing hot water scalding in bathrooms using TMVs (2003)
The following are design temperatures considered for the domestic hot water (DHW) system:
— Minimum DHWS storage temperature: 60 °C

— Minimum temperature at outlet: 55 °C
— Minimum temperature of return to storage cylinders: 50 °C
The hot water temperature for appliances, where applicable, should be temperature-
controlled via a thermostatic mixing valve (TMV) as detailed within the Table 7.1.
Table 7.1 Recommended temperatures for thermostatic mixing values

(source: Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide (IoP, 2002))
Appliance Application Thermostatic mixing valve
Temp. (°C) Type
Bidet All 38 3
Shower All 41 3
Wash hand basin Public 41 1
Wash hand basin Private 43 3
bath All 44 3
7.1 Centralised hot water systems

The hot water storage figures given in Table 7.2 have been taken from Table 6 of the Plumbing
Engineering Services Design Guide (IoP, 2002) assist in calculating daily hot water requirements and
storage for a building, based on a two-hour reheat period, an inlet temperature of 10 °C and a stored
temperature of 65 °C. The design engineer should make the necessary adjustments depending on the
actual reheat period, inlet water temperature and storage temperature.
Table 7.2 Recommended hot water storage temperatures (source: Plumbing

Engineering Services Design Guide (IoP, 2002))
Type of building Daily Stored (litres) Unit
consumption
(litres)
Dwellings:
— 1 bedroom 115 115 Per bedroom
— 2 bedrooms 75 115 Per bedroom
— 3+ bedrooms 55 115 Per bedroom
— student, en-suite 70 20 Per bedroom
— student, communal 70 20 Per bed space
— nurses home 70 20 Per bed space
— children’s home 70 25 Per bed space
— elderly sheltered 70 25 Per bed space
— elderly care home 90 25 Per bed space
Hotels:
— budget 115 35 Per bedroom
— Travel Inn/Lodge 115 35 Per bedroom
— luxury (4/5-star) 135 45 Per bedroom
Offices and general work places:
— with canteen 15 5 Per person
— without canteen 10 5 Per person
Table continues
Table 7.2 Recommended hat water storage temperatures (continued)
(source: Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide (IoP, 2002))
Type of building Daily Stored (litres) Unit
consumption
(litres)
Shops:
Factories:
Schools:
— nursery 15 5 Per pupil
— primary 15 5 Per pupil
— secondary 15 5 Per pupil
— 6th form 15 5 Per pupil
— boarding 114 25 Per pupil
Hospitals:
— district general 200 50 Per bed
— surgical ward 110 50 Per bed
— medical ward 110 50 Per bed
— paediatric ward 125 70 Per bed
— geriatric ward 70 40 Per bed
Sports changing:
— sports hall 20 20 Per person
— swimming pool 20 20 Per person
— field sports 35 35 Per person
— all-weather pitch 35 35 Per person
Places of assembly (excluding staff):
— art gallery 2 1 Per person
— library 2 1 Per person
— museum 1 1 Per person
— theatre 1 1 Per person
— cinema 1 1 Per person
— bar 2 1 Per person
— night club 1 1 Per person
— restaurant 6 6 Per cover
7.2 Localised hot water systems

The hot water storage figures given in Table 7.3 below have been taken from the ASHRAE
Handbook: HVAC Applications (ASHRAE, 2019) to assist in calculating hot water storage for
localised systems.
supplied by CIBSE for the sole use of the person making the download; it should not be copied or forwarded to any other person or i
Table 7.3 Hot water demand for fixtures (source: ASHRAE Handbook: HVAC Applications (ASHRAE, 2019))
12
Appliance Hot water demand per fixture (litres of water per hour per fixture,
calculated at a final temperature of 60 °C)
Apartment Club Gym. Hospital Hotel Industrial Office Private School YMCA
or house plant building residence
Basin, private lavatory 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6
Basin, public lavatory 15 23 30 23 30 45.5 23 — 57 30
Bathtub 76 76 114 76 76 — — 76 — 114
Dishwasher 57 190–570 — 190–570 190–760 76–380 — 57 76–380 76–380
Foot basin 11 11 46 11 11 46 — 11 11 46
Kitchen sink 38 76 — 114 114 76 76 38 76 76
Laundry, stationary tub 76 106 — 106 106 — 76 106
Pantry sink 19 38 — 38 38 — 38 19 38 38
Shower 114 568 850 284 284 850 114 114 850 850
Service sink 76 76 — 76 114 76 76 57 76 76
Hydrotherapeutic — — — — — — — — — —
bath — — — 1520 — — — — — —
Design Guide for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Hubbard bath — — — 2270 — — — — — —
Leg bath — — — 380 — — — — — —
Arm bath — — — 130 — — — — — —
Sitz bath — — — 114 — — — — — —
Continuous flow bath — — — 625 — — — — — —
Circular wash sink — — — 76 76 114 76 — 114 —
Semi-circular wash sink — — — 38 38 57 38 — 57 —
Demand factor 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.25 0.25 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.40
Storage capacity factor 1.25 0.90 1.00 0.60 0.8 1.00 2.00 0.70 1.00 1.00
8 Foul and waste water drainage systems, design
criteria, codes, standards and regulations
The design, specification and installation of drainage systems should be in accordance with
good engineering practice and should conform to, but not be limited to, the following
— SBC-702: Saudi Private Sewage Disposal Code (SBCNC, 2018c)
— International Plumbing Code (IPC) (ICC, 2021)
— Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) (IAPMO, 2021)
— BS EN 12056: Gravity drainage systems inside buildings*
• Part 1: General and performance requirements (BSI, 2000a)
• Part 2: Sanitary pipework, layout and calculation (BSI, 2000b)
• Part 3: Roof drainage, layout and calculation (BSI, 2000c)
• Part 4: Wastewater lifting plants. Layout and calculation (BSI, 2000d)
— British Standards* (BS) and European Norms* (EN)
8.1 System flows

Peak black (foul) and grey (waste) water flows should be calculated according SBC-701
(SBCNC, 2018b). The discharge fixture unit method is the basis of design to calculate peak
flow rates and pipe sizes for drainage systems.
A summary of fixtures is provided in Table 709.1 of SBC-701, reproduced below as Table 8.1.
Table 8.1 Discharge fixture units and waste sizes for various appliances (source:
SBC-701 (SBCNC, 2018b))
Appliance Discharge fixture Waste size (mm)
unit (DFU)
WC, public (6 litres per flush) 4.0 100
WC, private (6 litres per flush) 3.0 100
WC, flushometer tank (public or private) 4.0 100
Wash hand basin 1.0 32
Shower:
— flow rate 22 l/min. or less 2 40
— flow rate >22 l/min. to 46 l/min. 3 50
Bath tub 2 40
Bidet 1 40
Kitchen sink 2 40
Urinal 4 40
Dishwasher 2 40
Floor gully (nominal diam. 100 mm) 2 110
* Code to be followed, only when local and US codes do not provide any specific information.
8.2 Condensate drainage, design criteria, codes, standards
and regulations
Condensate waste and drain line size shall not be less than 20 mm internal diameter and
shall not decrease in size from the drain pan connection to the place of condensate disposal.
Where the drain pipes from more than one unit are manifold together for condensate
drainage, the pipe shall be sized in accordance with Table 314.2.2 of SBC-701 (SBCNC,
2018b), reproduced below as Table 8.2.
Table 8.2 Minimum condensate pipe diameter (source: SBC-701

(SBCNC, 2018b))
Equipment capacity Minimum condensate
pipe diameter (mm)
Up to 20 tons of refrigeration 20
Up to 20 tons to 40 tons of refrigeration 25
9 Stormwater design criteria, codes, standards

and regulations
The design, specification and installation of rainwater systems should be in accordance with
good engineering practice and should conform with, but not be limited to, the following
— International Plumbing Code (IPC) (ICC, 2021)
— MEWA Water and Wastewater Master Plan Guidelines
— BS EN 12056: Gravity drainage systems inside buildings*
• Part 3: Roof drainage, layout and calculation (BSI, 2000c)
• Part 5: Installation and testing, instructions for operation, maintenance and use (BSI,
2000e)
— BS EN 752: Drain and sewer systems outside buildings. Sewer system management.
(BSI, 2017)*
As per SBC-701, the stormwater system shall be designed based on a return period of 1:100
years with 60-minute duration.
However, as good design practice taking into consideration climate change, all rainwater
downpipes should be sized based on a minimum rainfall intensity of 150 mm per hour
i.e. 75 mm per hour for primary drainage and 75 mm per hour for secondary ‘emergency
overflow’ drainage system.
* Code to be followed, only when local and US codes do not provide any specific information.
10 Fuel gas systems, design criteria, codes, standards
and regulations
The design, specification and installation of fuel gas systems should be in accordance with
good engineering practice and should conform to, but not be limited to, the following
standards, codes of practice and regulations applicable to KSA:
— Saudi Civil Defence requirements
— NFPA 54: National Fuel Gas Code (NFPA, 2021) (if LPG is utilised)
— NFPA 58: Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code (NFPA, 2020) (if LPG is utilised)
— Institute of Gas Engineers and Managers (IGEM) Technical Standards (https://www.
igem.org.uk/technical-services/technical-gas-standards)
— International Fuel Gas Code (IFGC) (ICC, 2021)
11 Water services design considerations
11.1 Cold water storage, treatment and distribution

The cold water supply design must take into account the high summer temperatures of
mains cold water in KSA (peaking at approximately 42 °C at the height of summer). For some
applications, such as commercial five-star hotels, hospitals, schools and sports complexes,
the storage tank will need to be split to allow for a cooled cold water section. This will allow
the water to be chilled to a temperature below 20 °C via plate heat exchangers served by
the centralised chiller plant. The cold water supply in raw (ambient) water tanks should be
filtered and treated before being stored and cooled (where required) for distribution to the
building.
Additional bacterial protection should be incorporated to protect against the risk of

Legionella as described in section 6.
11.2 Hot water generation and distribution

The primary hot water requirements for most buildings are for domestic use and for
applications whereby significant volumes of hot water are required. Domestic hot water
generation shall primarily be from solar energy based on a sustainability point of view.
In instances, whereby relatively low volumes are required, or in remote areas of a building or
development, the use of localised hot water heating should be considered.
The type of system selected to generate the heat input to the solar thermal system should
be based on high-performance solar collectors. The final systems selected will also need to
be appropriate for KSA climatic conditions. Solar hot water systems should also be selected
according to project size: a thermosiphon system is the better option for small villas or
projects, whereas a drain-back system would be the better option for medium- to large-scale
projects.
Solar hot water systems should be designed to achieve maximum efficiency. The energy back-
up for the system can be water to water heat pumps, electric coil, fuel-fired boiler or any
other suitable system.
11.3 Irrigation
For all new buildings, one hundred percent (100%) of the total exterior landscaping should
be irrigated using non-potable water or drip or subsoil water delivery systems. Irrigation
water demand shall comply with SBC-1001: The Saudi Green Construction Code (SBCNC,
2018e), Section 404, ‘Landscape irrigation and outdoor fountains’, and Mostadam (2019
version).
All irrigation systems must incorporate, at any point that they connect to a portable water
supply, backflow prevention devices which must be checked every twelve months. Testing
must be in line with the manufacturer’s recommended practice for field testing or any other
testing regime approved by local Saudi Municipality.
11.4 Heat rejection

Potable water supplied by Saudi Municipality network must not be used for heat rejection
purposes. Treated sewage effluent (TSE), sea water or recycled water should be used to meet
the water demand for all heat rejections purposes. The secondary water source must be
approved by local Saudi Municipality.
12 Foul and waste water drainage system design

consideration
12.1 Underground drainage

There should be separate underground networks for the ground floor and upper floors. A
waste water disposal system should be provided to convey the discharge from above-ground
sanitation and within the building and, if applicable, any external car parking area. Foul
drainage systems should be designed to meet the requirements of SBC-701 (SBCNC, 2018b)
and the International Plumbing Code (IPC) (ICC, 2021). Reference can be made to BS EN 752
(BSI, 2017) for items not covered under SBC-701 and the IPC.
12.2 Above-ground drainage

A foul water drainage disposal system should be provided to serve the domestic sanitary
fittings within new developments. The design of the system should be in accordance with of
SBC-701 (SBCNC, 2018b) and the International Plumbing Code (IPC) (ICC, 2021). Reference
can be made to BS EN 12056-2 (BSI, 2000b) for items not covered under SBC-701 and the
IPC.
Foul and waste water drainage systems should be designed to safely carry away discharges
from sanitary appliances in a quick and quiet manner without causing a nuisance or risk to
health.
Pipework, fittings and accessories should be installed to ensure that:
— generally, all foul and waste water discharge is conveyed under gravity conditions
without cross flow or back fall to prevent leakage and /or blockages occurring
— foul air from the drainage system does not enter the building
— pressure fluctuations within the pipework system do not vary by more than 50 mm
water gauge
— all pipework located within main risers, shop units and plant room areas is fully
accessible
— rodding access should be provided at all changes of direction, branch connections and
at each floor level
— pipework systems can be adequately tested, cleaned and maintained
— pipework to be run within ceiling voids should be kept to a minimum and installed to
the shortest practical route
— all pipework passing through adjoining fire compartments is fire-sleeved and sealed.
The local foul water infrastructure should be investigated to determine final connection
points, agreed permissible flows and invert levels into the local authority network.
Under no circumstances should a foul water soakaway be incorporated into the design.
Foul water must not be allowed to soak into the ground, as this will have an impact on
groundwater conditions and could lead to public health risks to the surrounding area.
Septic-type tanks should be utilised in circumstances where there is no local connectivity to
the municipality sewer system. These would ideally be located external to the building in
an accessible location, and need to be emptied on a regular basis by an authorised waste
management company.
The foul and waste water drainage system should be designed to safely carry water from
sanitary appliances via gravity discharges in a quick and quiet manner without causing a
nuisance or risk to health.
The systems should comprise:
— external trapped gullies

— grease interceptors
— petrol interceptors
— lint interceptor
— sand interceptor
— oil interceptor
— neutralisation system
— interconnecting gravity drainage pipework
— manholes
— rodding access points
— linear drainage channels.
12.2.1 Grease interceptors
The foul drainage system from commercial kitchens or retail food and beverage areas
should be fully protected with the use of suitably-sized grease removal units. These should
be located in areas that are accessible for regular cleaning and maintenance, and should
be externally located where possible. Grease separators should be designed as per SBC-701
(SBCNC, 2018b) and the International Plumbing Code (IPC) (ICC, 2021). Reference can be
made to BS EN 1825 (BSI, 2002, 2004) for items not covered under SBC-701 and the IPC.
12.2.2 Oil interceptors
Generator rooms, plumbing workshop areas and oily waste areas should be discharged into
oil interceptors before connecting to the drainage network.
12.2.3 Lint interceptor
Lint interceptors should be provided for commercial laundry prior to discharge to the
drainage network.
12.2.4 Laboratory waste neutralisation system
Laboratory waste should be discharged through a neutralisation pit before connecting to the
soil network, and a separate vent pipe should be provided for the laboratory system.
12.2.5 Petrol interceptors
Suitably-sized petrol interceptors should be provided for discharges from all car parking
areas, and should be located in areas that are accessible for regular cleaning and
maintenance. These should be provided with double-sealed recessed covers suitably rated for
the expected traffic flow over manholes.
13 Storm water design consideration

A separate below-ground storm water drainage system should be provided to convey all
rainwater discharge from roofs and open-ground hard-paved areas, via gravity, to the Saudi
Municipality connection manhole located on the periphery of the building plot. The local
surface water infrastructure should be further investigated to determine final connection
points, agreed permissible flows and invert levels into the local Municipality authority
network.
Flows from roofs and paved areas should be based on based on a 1:100-year storm period
with a duration of 60 minutes. Rainfall intensity shall be as per specific region in KSA.
Any roof area should have at least two rainwater outlets. For large roof areas, a secondary
means of overflow must be implemented.
The roofs and hard-standing areas of all buildings should be connected to the stormwater
network comprising roof outlets and, where appropriate, floor gullies. Surface water should
be drained from roof areas via fixed downpipes connecting into the below-ground drainage
system. Downpipes should be integrated into the building fabric or mounted externally.
The rainwater drainage system should be designed to operate under gravity conditions, and
should be designed to ensure that water is removed from the roof as quickly and effectively
as possible to prevent any water ingress into the building. This system consists of roof outlets
draining into rainwater downpipes before exiting the building to connect to the drainage
infrastructure manhole.
Access points should be provided throughout the rainwater drainage system at all changes of
direction and at each floor level to facilitate future maintenance.
All external hard standing areas should be drained via drainage channel and /or floor gullies,
as agreed with the landscape architect, and should connect to the site-wide network.
External areas should not be permitted to flood during storm conditions, drainage must be in
place to deal with this event.
13.1 KSA climatic zones
The climate condition varies considerable across KSA, and therefore the design of the storm
water system shall comply with local rainfall intensity and the intensity-duration-frequency
(IDF) curve of the region being developed. The kingdom of Saudi Arabia is considered to be
made up of three climate zones as represented by Figure 13.1 below.
The KSA storm water design guide is primarily focussed on Zone 1 and, specifically,
development in Riyadh and Jeddah and proximity areas.
Turait
Guriat 3 Arar
3 2 Rafha
2
Al-jouf
2
Al-Qaisuman
Tabuk 1
2
Hail
2
Al-Wejh Gassim K.F.I.A.
2 1
2 Dhahran
K.K.I.A. 1
1 Al-Asha
Yenbo Riyadh 1
1 Al-Madihan 1
1
Makkah
Jeddah
1 1 Al-Taif
2 Bisha Wadi Al-Dawasser
1 1
Al-Baha
2 Khamis Mushait
Abha 2
3
Najran Sharorah
1 1
Gizan
1
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3
Figure 13.1 KSA climate zones (source: SBC-601, Chapter 11 (SBCNC, 2018f))
13.2 Jeddah stormwater data (Zone 1)

Figure 13.2 shows the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve for Jeddah from the Jeddah
Storm Water Design Manual (JSDM), (AECOM, 2013).
90
80
70
Rainfall intensity (mm/h)
60 Return period
100-year
50
50-year
40 25-year
10-year
30 5-year
2-year
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time (hours)
Figure 13.2 IDF curves for Jeddah

Table 13.1 Rainfall intensity for Jeddah
Return Rainfall intensity (mm/h) for stated duration (hours)
period
(years) 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6
2 17.6 13.0 10.6 7.3 5.6 4.6 4.0

5 33.2 24.4 20.0 14.0 10.9 9.1 7.9
10 44.6 32.9 27.0 18.8 14.8 12.3 10.7
25 60.6 44.6 36.6 25.6 20.1 16.8 14.6
50 73.5 54.0 44.3 31.0 24.4 20.4 17.8
100 87.4 64.2 52.6 36.9 29.0 24.3 21.2
13.3 Riyadh stormwater data (Zone 1)

Figure 13.3 shows the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve for Riyadh from Engineering
guides for flood risk prevention criteria in Riyadh (DAR, 2017).
200
180 Return period

100-year
160
50-year
140 25-year
20-year
120 10-year
5-year
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Duration (minutes)
Figure 13.3 IDF curves for Riyadh
Table 13.2 Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) for Riyadh City

Fequency Rainfall intensity (mm/h) for stated period
(years) 5 min 10 min 15 min 30 min 1 hr 2 hrs 3 hrs 6 hrs 12 hrs 24 hrs
5 67.2 39.1 28.9 17.1 9.92 5.94 4.28 2.57 1.50 0.85
10 103.7 60.4 44.6 26.4 15.3 9.17 6.61 3.96 2.23 1.31
15 127.1 74.1 54.7 32.4 18.8 11.2 8.10 4.86 2.84 1.61
20 148.9 86.8 64.1 37.9 22.0 13.2 9.50 5.69 3.33 1.88
25 155.8 90.7 67.0 39.6 23.0 13.8 9.93 5.95 3.48 1.97
50 176.3 102.7 75.9 44.9 26.1 15.6 11.2 6.74 3.94 2.23
100 196.3 114.4 84.5 50.0 29.0 17.4 12.5 7.50 4.38 2.48
200 215.9 125.8 92.9 54.9 31.9 19.1 13.8 8.25 4.82 2.73
13.4 Tabuk stormwater data (Zone 2)
Figure 13.4 shows the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve for Tabuk based on MoMRA
(Ministry of Municipal, Rural Affairs and Housing) IDF curve.
110
100
90
80
70 Return period
100-year
60 50-year
25-year
50
10-year
40 5-year
30
20
10
0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Time (minutes)
Figure 13.4 IDF curves for Tabuk
13.5 Soakaway design

Should a connection not be local to the site or development, the use of suitably-sized
soakaways is permissible. These should be designed in line with DG 365: Soakaway design
(BRE, 2016).
The design method for sizing the soakaway should be based on the equation of volumes:
I–O=S
where I is the inflow from the impermeable area drained to the soakaway (m3), O is the
outflow infiltrating into the soil during rainfall (m3) and S is the required storage in the
soakaway to balance the temporary inflow and outflow (m3).
Inflow to the soakaway:
I=A×R
where A is the impermeable area drained to the soakaway (m2 ) and R is the total rainfall in a
design storm (m).
Outflow to the soakaway:
O = as50 × f × D
where as50 is the internal surface area of the soakaway to 50% effective depth (excluding the
base area, which is assumed to clog with fine particles and become ineffective in the long
term) (m2), f is the soil infiltration rate determined by use of a trial pit at the site of the
soakaway (m/s) and D is the storm duration.
Stormwater attenuation should be based on a 1:5-year storm event with a duration of 24
hours, as per local authority guidelines.
It is very important to note that surface water soakaways should not normally be constructed
closer than 5 metres from the building foundations. Site investigations must be undertaken
to determine the soil conditions, as this is crucial in the viability and sizing of the soakaway
14 Fuel gas design consideration

The design of the LPG system should adhere to the safety of human beings, whether or not
they are installing the system. Modern technology should be adopted to detect any failure in
the system through a high-tech gas control panel, linked to the fire control panel, to ensure
the maintenance of a safe environment.
Design of liquid gas distribution systems should be in accordance with the certified and
applicable specifications and engineering standards, and must be submitted with the
drawings for approval of building permits transactions.
Only Civil Defence approved material, control and reading devices should be used.
It is preferable to place the natural gas tank within the limits of the plot, whether below
ground level or above, and with safe distances compatible with national safety requirements
and the requirements of Saudi Civil Defence.
The central tank should be supplied with means of security, protection and control in
accordance with standards specified by Saudi Civil Defence and /or NFPA 58 (NFPA, 2020),
and should comply with all standards and special requirements for public safety adopted by
Saudi local requirements.
Execution of domestic gas networks should be performed only by specialised companies

registered with the Saudi Authority.
First stage (with two safety devices):
— LPG entry to building: 350 mbar (as per NFPA 58, Section 3.2.13 C, (NFPA, 2020), this
can be up to 1.4 bar)
— natural gas entry to building: 75 mbar.
Second stage (with one safety device)
— LPG inside kitchen: 37 mbar

— natural gas inside kitchen: 21 mbar.
References
AECOM (2013) Jeddah Storm Water Design Manual (JSDM) (with AECOM Addendum WER06-REP-0039-0) (Abu
Dhabi: AECOM)
ASHRAE (2019) ASHRAE Handbook: HVAC Applications (Atlanta, GA: ASHRAE)
ASPE (2016–2018) ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook (four volumes) (Rosemont, IL: American Society
of Plumbing Engineers)
BRE (2003) Preventing hot water scalding in bathrooms using TMVs IP14/03 (Garston: Building Research
Establishment)
BRE (2016) Soakaway design DG365 (Garston: Building Research Establishment)

BSI (2000–2010) BS EN 806: Specifications for installations inside buildings conveying water for human
consumption (five Parts) (London: British Standards Institution)
BSI (2000a) BS EN 12056-1:2000: Gravity drainage systems inside buildings. General and performance
requirements (London: British Standards Institution)
BSI (2000b) BS EN 12056-2:2000: Gravity drainage systems inside buildings. Sanitary pipework, layout and
calculation (London: British Standards Institution)
BSI (2000c) BS EN 12056-3:2000: Gravity drainage systems inside buildings. Roof drainage, layout and calculation
(London: British Standards Institution)
BSI (2000d) BS EN 12056-4:2000: Gravity drainage systems inside buildings. Wastewater lifting plants. Layout and
calculation (London: British Standards Institution)
BSI (2000e) BS EN 12056-5:2000: Gravity drainage systems inside buildings. Installation and testing, instructions
for operation, maintenance and use (London: British Standards Institution)
BSI (2002) BS EN 1825-2:2002: Grease separators. Selection of nominal size, installation, operation and
maintenance (London: British Standards Institution)
BSI (2004) BS EN 1825-1:2004: Grease separators. Principles of design, performance and testing, marking and
quality control (London: British Standards Institution)
BSI (2015) BS 8558:2015: Guide to the design, installation, testing and maintenance of services supplying water
for domestic use within buildings and their curtilages. Complementary guidance to BS EN 806 (London: British
Standards Institution)
BSI (2017) BS EN 752:2017: Drain and sewer systems outside buildings. Sewer system management (London:
British Standards Institution)
CIBSE (2014) Public health and plumbing engineering CIBSE Guide G (London: Chartered Institution of Building
Services Engineers)
DAR (2017) Engineering guides for flood risk prevention criteria in Riyadh Report ref: S14026-0100D-RPT-PM-07
Rev 2. (Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: DAR Engineering)
HSE (2013) Legionnaires’ disease. The control of legionella bacteria in water systems Approved Code of Practice
and guidance L8 (4th edn) (Bootle: Health and Safety Executive) (available at https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/
l8.htm) (accessed 10.05.21)
HSE (2014) Legionnaires’ disease Technical guidance HSE HSG274 (three Parts) (Bootle: Health and Safety
Executive) (available at https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/hsg274.htm) (accessed 10.05.21)
IAPMO (2021) Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) (Ontario, CA: International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical
Officials)
ICC (2021a) International Plumbing Code (IPC) (Washington, DC: International Code Council)
ICC (2021b) International Fuel Gas Code (IFGC) (Washington, DC: International Code Council)
IoP (2002) Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide (Hornchurch: Institute of Plumbing [now the Chartered
Institute of Public Health Engineers]) [Note: at the time of writing (May 2021) this publication is under review by
the CIHPE]
MEWA (2018) Water & Agriculture’s Master Plan Guidelines (Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Ministry of
Environment, Water and Agriculture)
MoH (2019a) Mostadam Rating System: Communities D+C Manual (Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Ministry of
Housing/Sustainable Building) (available at https://www.mostadam.sa/sites/default/files/2020-12/Mostadam%20
for%20Communities%20D%2BC%20Manual_0.pdf) (accessed 10.05.21)
MoH (2019b) Mostadam Rating System: Residential Buildings O+E Manual (Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:
Ministry of Housing/Sustainable Building) (available at https://www.mostadam.sa/sites/default/files/2020-12/
Mostadam%20for%20Residential%20Buildings%20O%2BE%20Manual_0.pdf) (accessed 10.05.21)
NFPA (2018) National Fuel Gas Code NFPA 54 (Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association)
NFPA (2020) Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code NFPA 58 (Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association)
SBCNC (2018a) SBC-1001: Saudi Green Construction Code (Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Saudi Building Code
National Committee (SBCNC))
SBCNC (2018b) SBC-701: Saudi Plumbing Code (Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Saudi Building Code National
Committee (SBCNC))
SBCNC (2018c) SBC-702: The Saudi Private Sewage Disposal Code (Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Saudi
Building Code National Committee (SBCNC))
SBCNC (2018d) SBC-1201: Saudi Fuel Gas Code (Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Saudi Building Code National
Committee (SBCNC))
SBCNC (2018e) SBC-1001: The Saudi Green Construction Code (Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Saudi Building
Code National Committee (SBCNC))
SBCNC (2018f) SBC-601: Saudi Energy Conservation Code: Buildings Except Low-Rise (Residential) Buildings
(Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Saudi Building Code National Committee (SBCNC))
WHO (2017) Guidelines for drinking-water quality (4th edn incorporating the first addendum) (Geneva: World
Health Organization) (available at https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241549950) (accessed 10.05.21)

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Design Guide for Saudi Arabia

Minimum design standards for public health services

Minimum design standards for public health services

The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers

© September 2021 The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, London

ISBN 978-1-914543-02-9 (PDF)

Registered charity number 278104

Editing, typesetting, layout and design by CIBSE Knowledge

Cover illustration: Saudi Arabia skyline silhouette ©Shutterstock/Sky and glass

Principal authors: CIBSE UAE Technical Committee

CIBSE Technical Director

Note from the publisher

2 Local green building requirements 5

3 Domestic cold water services, design criteria, codes, standards

4 Water storage design criteria 7

7 Domestic hot water services, design criteria, codes, standards

7.1 Centralised hot water systems 10

7.2 Localised hot water systems 11

8 Foul and waste water drainage systems, design criteria, codes,

8.1 System flows 13

8.2 Condensate drainage, design criteria, codes, standards

9 Stormwater design criteria, codes, standards and regulations 14

10 Fuel gas systems, design criteria, codes, standards and regulations 15

11 Water services design considerations 15

11.1 Cold water storage, treatment and distribution 15

11.2 Hot water generation and distribution 15

11.4 Heat rejection 16

12 Foul and waste water drainage system design consideration 16

12.1 Underground drainage 16

12.2 Above-ground drainage 16

13 Storm water design consideration 18

13.1 KSA climatic zones 18

13.2 Jeddah stormwater data (Zone 1) 19

13.3 Riyadh stormwater data (Zone 1) 20

13.4 Tabuk stormwater data (Zone 2) 21

13.5 Soakaway design 21

14 Fuel gas design consideration 22

2 Local green building requirements

3 Domestic cold water services, design criteria, codes,

4 Water storage design criteria

Table 4.1 Water storage requirements (MEWA, 2018)

7 Domestic hot water services, design criteria, codes,

— Minimum DHWS storage temperature: 60 °C

Table 7.1 Recommended temperatures for thermostatic mixing values

7.1 Centralised hot water systems

Table 7.2 Recommended hot water storage temperatures (source: Plumbing

7.2 Localised hot water systems

Design Guide for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

8.1 System flows

Table 8.2 Minimum condensate pipe diameter (source: SBC-701

9 Stormwater design criteria, codes, standards

11 Water services design considerations

11.1 Cold water storage, treatment and distribution

Additional bacterial protection should be incorporated to protect against the risk of

11.2 Hot water generation and distribution

11.4 Heat rejection

12 Foul and waste water drainage system design

12.1 Underground drainage

12.2 Above-ground drainage