ADVENTZ TOWER

BURJ KHALIFA DISTRICT

DUBAI, U.A.E

Structural
Design Criteria

DATE: 10 / 01 / 2018
ADVENTZ TOWER, BURJ KHALIFA DISTRICT, DUBAI, U.A.E

Table of Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Structure ..................................................................................................................... 3
2. Design and Building Codes, Technical References and Computer Software ..... 3
2.1 Design and Building Codes ........................................................................................ 3
2.2 Technical References ................................................................................................. 4
2.3 Computer Software ..................................................................................................... 4
3. Design Loading ......................................................................................................... 5
3.1 Self-Weight, Super-Imposed Dead Load and Live Loads ........................................... 5
3.1.1 Self-Weight ................................................................................................................. 5
3.1.2 Super-Imposed Dead Loads ....................................................................................... 5
3.1.3 Live Loads .................................................................................................................. 5
3.2 Wind Load .................................................................................................................. 6
3.3 Seismic Loading ......................................................................................................... 8
3.4 Thermal and Shrinkage Loading ................................................................................. 9
3.4.1 Temperature Design Data .......................................................................................... 9
3.4.2 Construction Stage Case ............................................................................................ 9
3.4.3 Permanent case .......................................................................................................... 9
3.4.4 Shrinkage ................................................................................................................... 9
3.5 Horizontal Load on Parapets .................................................................................... 10
3.6 Vehicle Impact Loading ............................................................................................ 10
3.7 Blast Loading ............................................................................................................ 10
4. Performance Criteria .............................................................................................. 11
4.1 Durability ................................................................................................................... 11
4.2 Fire Resistance ......................................................................................................... 11
4.3 Concrete Cover ......................................................................................................... 12
4.4 Robustness ............................................................................................................... 12
5. Analysis Perimeters ............................................................................................... 12
5.1 Load Combinations ................................................................................................... 12
5.2 Stiffness Modifiers .................................................................................................... 14
5.3 Mass Source ............................................................................................................. 15
5.4 Response Spectrum ................................................................................................. 15
5.5 P-Delta Effect ........................................................................................................... 15
5.6 Long Term Deflection – Cracked Analysis ................................................................ 16
5.7 Deflection and Drift Criteria ....................................................................................... 16
5.8 Analytical Modeling and Methodology ....................................................................... 17
5.8.1 Drift/Strength Model .................................................................................................. 18
6. Materials .................................................................................................................. 19
6.1 Structural Concrete ................................................................................................... 19
6.2 Structural Steel ......................................................................................................... 21
6.3 Concrete Masonry .................................................................................................... 22

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7. Ground Condition and Foundations ..................................................................... 22

7.1 Geotechnical Data .................................................................................................... 22
8. General Description of the Structural System ..................................................... 22
8.1 Foundation ................................................................................................................ 22
8.2 Substructure ............................................................................................................. 23
8.3 Superstructure .......................................................................................................... 24

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ADVENTZ TOWER, BURJ KHALIFA DISTRICT, DUBAI, U.A.E

1. Introduction
1.1 Structure
This report covers the technical requirements, methodology, design loads, material properties,
basic design approach and important structural design considerations. This report also presents
structural design for serviceability and strength requirement. These criteria from concept stage
is used to develop the design along with the coordinated architectural and MEP requirements.
The Adventz tower consists of B+G+M+64F (1 Basement + Ground + Mezzanine + 4Podium +
59Typical + Roof).

The height of typical story is 4.2m while height at Podium is 3.5m and Ground is 7.95m. Two MEP
floors are provided at the 20th and 41th story. The story in (5th-19th) are single and the (22nd-61st)
are single and duplex. There are two pent house stories at 62nd and 63rd .
The project is located at site with moderate seismic zone. Structure of this type should withstand
an earthquake of 5.9 magnitude measured in Richter scale as per civic authorities’ new
regulations for structures above 10 floors. In addition, the area is located at urban area (at Dubai
downtown) that has a basic wind speed of 45m/s (3 second gust) for a 50-year return period.
The 3D analysis model considered the base as the bottom of the structure for seismic lateral
forces calculations. The wind forces application starts at ground floor.
Foundation system to be used for the tower is raft / pile caps supported by bored RC piles. During
DC stage very preliminary piling design was provided where 1.5 m diameter bored RC piles were
used. Raft / basement slab was proposed to be around 1 m thick outside of the tower with 3 m
thick raft under the main tower. Retaining wall will be around 250mm thick for one Basement
level. All RC Structure in contact with the soil to be protected with water-proofing membrane.
Lateral Load Resisting System is Bearing Wall System, with non-ductile RC shear walls for the
strength and stability.
Gravity Load Resisting system is gravity frame composed of RC Flat slab and RC columns and
walls.
2. Design and Building Codes, Technical References and Computer Software
2.1 Design and Building Codes
Design and Building Codes shall be as follows:

Reference Title
DM Regulations Dubai Municipality Building Codes and Regulations
UBC 97 Uniform Building Code
ASCE7-05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
ACI318M-11 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
ACI363R-10 Report on High Strength Concrete
AISC360-10 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
Building Code Requirements and Specifications for Masonry
ACI530-11
Structures

Reference Title
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IBC 2015 International Building Code

BS 8500-1:2006 Concrete
Code of Practice for Design of Concrete Structures for Retaining
BS 8007:1987
aqueous liquids.
BS 8004:2015 Code of practice for foundations
BS EN 1991/1-5.2003 Thermal Actions
Table 2-1. Design and Building Codes.

2.2 Technical References

• Dubai Municipality Civil Engineering Department, Permit Section – Design Criteria

for Piles, Required Combination for Durable and Green Reinforced and Pre-
Stressed Concrete Elements.
• Concrete Society CS163 – Guide to Design of Concrete Structures in the Arabian
Peninsula (2008).
• Seismic Hazard and Seismic Design Requirements for the Arabian Peninsula
Region (14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering).
• Concrete Society TR 67 – Movement, Restraint and Cracking in Concrete
Structures
• .CIRIA Technical Note 139 – Water Resisting Basements, Construction Industry
Research and Information Association.
• CIRIA Technical Note 107 – Design for Movement in Buildings, Construction
Industry Research and Information Association.
• AISC Design Guide 11/SCI Design of floors for vibration: A New Approach 2009
(P354).
• CIDECT Design Guides – Construction with Hollow Steel Sections – 2nd Edition.
• ISO 6897:1984 – Guidelines for the evaluation of the response of occupants
of fixed structures, especially buildings and off-shore structures, to low-frequency
horizontal motion (0,063 to 1 Hz)

2.3 Computer Software

The following computer software’s shall be used:

Name Purpose
ETABS 16.2.0 3D Analysis and Design of Building Structures
SAFE 16.0.1 Analysis and Design of Slabs and Foundation
DESIGN SPREAD SHEETS Serviceability/Stability Check
Table 2-2. Computer Software’s.

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3. Design Loading
3.1 Self-Weight, Super-Imposed Dead Load and Live Loads
3.1.1 Self-Weight
The following material densities have been assumed to calculate the self-weight of the structure:
• Normal weight reinforced concrete: 24.5 kN/m³ (2497 kg/m³).
• Structural Steel: 78.5 kN/m³.
3.1.2 Super-Imposed Dead Loads
The following sections outline the typical super-imposed loads considered for the design.
Elevation Load
Plan Load (kN/m²)
Description/Area (typically applied as
a line load) (kN/m)
RESIDENTIAL AREA 4.5 -
BALCONY 3.0 -
OFFICE AREA 4.5 -
STAIRCASE UNITS 1.5 -
CORRIDOR & LOBY 2.5 -
PARKING & DRIVEWAY 1.5 -
PUBLIC AREA 4.0 -
RETAIL & F & B 4.0 -
GENERATOR ROOMS 4.0 -
TRANSFORMER ROOMS 4.0 -
MEP AREA 4.0 -
MEP AREA (+0.25 FFL) 6.7 -
HARDSCAPE 6.0 -
GRP WATER TANK 2.5 -
LANDSCAPE 10.0 -
GYM AREA 4.0 -
POOL 1.5 -
TERRACE 3.0 -
CLADDING ( GLASS) - 5
Table 3-1. Super-Imposed Dead Loads.

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3.1.3 Live Loads
The following Live Loads have been assumed for the design.

Elevation Load
Plan Load (kN/m²)
Description/Area (typically applied as
a line load) (kN/m)
RESIDENTIAL AREA 2.0 -
BALCONY 3.0 -
OFFICE AREA 2.5 -
STAIRCASE UNITS 4.79 -

Elevation Load
Plan Load (kN/m²)
Description/Area (typically applied as
a line load) (kN/m)
CORRIDOR & LOBY 4.79 -
PARKING & DRIVEWAY 3.5 -
PUBLIC AREA 4.79 -
RETAIL & F & B 4.79 -
GENERATOR ROOMS 4.79 -
TRANSFORMER ROOMS 7.5 -
MEP AREA 7.5 -
MEP AREA (+0.25 FFL) 7.5 -
HARDSCAPE 4.79 -
GRP WATER TANK 80 -
LANDSCAPE 4.79 -
GYM AREA 4.79 -
POOL 9.0 -
TERRACE 4.79 -
Table 3-2. Live Loads.

• *Increased load allowance required locally to suite water tank locations.

• Min live load of 3 kPa is applied in the analysis of floor plate as per DM requirement.
• Plan Load as per Load Model 1, BS EN 1991-2.
• Point Load as per Load Model 1 in conjunction with plan load, or independently as per Load
Model 2, both to BS EN 1991-2.
• Maximum Live Load assumed at construction stage: 3.0 kN/m².
• Live Load allowance for plant replacement routes: 5.0 kN/m².
• Live Load reduction is to be considered for the design of columns, pear walls and
foundations where deemed permissible on instances of pattern loading arising within
alternate radial bays
• where simultaneous terrace and accompanying concourse loading may occur on vomitory
locations.
•
• Live Load for areas where fire engine access is required, was derived of fire-engine loading
based on 41 tone design vehicle and loading is to be taken in accordance with the following
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• principles:

3.2 Wind Load

The wind tunnel tests were performed by Windtech in accordance to the standards procedure for
wind tunnel testing in civil engineering as described in ASCE7-05 with the following parameters:
• 50 years return period and structural damping 2.0% (strength limit structure).
• 10 years return period and structural damping 1.5% (serviceability limit state), which is taken
as 70% of 50 years return period results.
• 50 years return period and structural damping 2.0%
Load Case Wind Directions amd Peak Component Proportions

%Mz
Load Cases Description %Fx T1 %Fy T1
T1

1 T1 peak positive Mx 1 40% -95% -30%

2 T1 peak positive Mx 2 -30% -95% -30%

3 T1 peak positive Mx 3 40% -95% 25%

4 T1 peak positive Mx 4 -30% -95% 25%

5 T1 peak negative Mx 1 5% 100% 75%

6 T1 peak negative Mx 2 55% 100% 75%

7 T1 peak negative Mx 3 5% 100% 25%

8 T1 peak negative Mx 4 55% 100% 25%

9 T1 peak positive My 1 100% -20% 35%

10 T1 peak positive My 2 100% 55% 35%

11 T1 peak positive My 3 100% -20% 80%

12 T1 peak positive My 4 100% 55% 80%

13 T1 peak negative My 1 -90% 30% -20%

14 T1 peak negative My 2 -90% -10% -20%

15 T1 peak negative My 3 -90% 30% -65%

16 T1 peak negative My 4 -90% -10% -65%

17 T1 peak positive Mz 1 5% -55% -80%

18 T1 peak positive Mz 2 -55% -55% -80%

19 T1 peak positive Mz 3 5% -15% -80%

20 T1 peak positive Mz 4 -55% -15% -80%

21 T1 peak negative Mz 1 30% 65% 100%

22 T1 peak negative Mz 2 80% 65% 100%

23 T1 peak negative Mz 3 30% -15% 100%

24 T1 peak negative Mz 4 80% -15% 100%

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It should be noted that the result for the 50 years return period are unfactored, and the relevant
factor would need to be applied to the result for the 50 years return period to determine the
Ultimate Limit State (ULS) results.
In addition to the above wind tunnel test, additional ASCE7 x 0.8 wind factor was considered.
This is to consider the code requirement that the wind tunnel test overall principal loads shall not
be less than 80% of those that obtain from the code.
Wind tunnel test will be updated in the detailed design.

3.3 Seismic Loading

Seismic loads shall be in accordance with UBC97. Linear dynamic site specific response
spectrum analysis parameters are as follow:

Seismic Design Parameter according to UBC 97 Ref

Return period 475 years
Seismic Zone 2B
Seismic Zone Factor Z 0.2 Table 16-I
Soil Profile Type SB (ROCK) Table 16-J
Seismic Coefficient Ca 0.2 Tabs16-Q
Seismic Coefficient Cv 0.2 Table16-R
Occupancy Category IV (standard risk) Table16-K
Occupancy Importance I 1.0
Response Modification factor R 4.5 Table16-N
Structural Building System Bearing Shear Walls System

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Seismic Design Parameter according to UBC 97 Ref

Lateral Force Resistance System Concrete Shear Wall
Reference Height at base H 282 m
Structural Period (Method A) TA 3.358 sec 1630.2.2
Structural Period (Method B) TB 7.444 sec (from ETABS) 1630.2.2
Maximum limit of Method B 1.4TA 4.70 sec 1630.2.2
Governing Structural Period T 4.70 sec 1630.2.2
Design base shear V 9.46%W 1630.2.1
Table 3-3. Seismic Base Shear Calculation.
As per UBC97 section 1630.1.1,
Reliability/Redundancy Factor ρ =1 for Zone 2 and calculating drift as per UBC 97
Thus, the vertical component of the Earthquake force, Ev is defined in UBC97 section 1630.1.1
as follows:
Ev = 0.5 x Ca x I x Dead Load Effect
Ev = 10%Dead Load Effect
3.4 Thermal and Shrinkage Loading
3.4.1 Temperature Design Data
For the design of the structure there will be the consideration of the following for thermal loading:
• Permanent Case – the internal structure is in a thermally controlled environment whereas the
external structure may be shaded by direct solar radiation.
3.4.2 Permanent case
The following thermal loading on the structure will be assumed for in the permanent case:
• Seasonal variation of temperature is +/-20°C for all areas.
3.4.3 Shrinkage
BS EN 1992-1-1 (clause 3.1.4) provides a method to calculate both autogenous shrinkage eca,
which occurs mainly in the early days after casting, and drying shrinkage ecd, which acts long
term. Autogenous shrinkage is a linear function of the concrete strength, whereas drying
shrinkage is a function of several parameters such as: concrete strength class, element

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dimensions, ambient relative humidity, number of exposed faces, curing, etc.
Approximately 2/3 of the autogenous shrinkage will occurs in the first 30 days after casting,
therefore its effect can be mitigated by implementing adequate construction pour sequencing.
Drying shrinkage however, will act over a long period of time, therefore it will induce contraction
loads on the structure which must be designed for. Because drying shrinkage is a long-term effect
as opposed to thermal loading which is a short-term effect, the shrinkage strain ɛcd can be
equated to the thermal cooling load by using a creep coefficient in order to combine it with the
other thermal loads:
Tshrinkage = - (ɛcd/ac · Elong/Eshort) = -9.5°C
where ac = coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete = 10 µɛ/°C
and Elong/Eshort = 1/3.

3.5 Horizontal Load on Parapets

Structural members to which non-structural parapets are fixed are to be designed to resist the
horizontal load of 3kN/m at 1.2 m height.

4. Performance Criteria
4.1 Durability
Appropriate concrete grades, reinforcement cover and corrosion protection for steelwork will be
specified according to the climatic environment and ground conditions at the location of the site.
Due to aggressive soil and in accordance to BS 8102:2009 and external bunded tanking
membrane will be applied to the entire substructure to prevent direct contact between structure
and the ground. as a precautionary measure, in case the tanking membrane is reached locally,
the recommended covers for concrete “in contact with the ground” will be applied to all
underground elements protected by tanking. Any blinding concrete outside of the tanking
membrane will be specified with sulphate-resisting concrete mixes.
Typically, the concrete substructure and superstructure are to be designed to limit crack widths
as follows. Crack widths are to be calculated using quasi-permanent load combinations:
• 0.3 mm typically.
• 0.2 mm for exposed structures.
• 0.2 mm for concrete piles and other concrete elements in direct contact with ground.
4.2 Fire Resistance
Fire rating protection to the structural elements shall be in accordance with the NFPA 5000
document. The table below specifies the fire rating requirements for building classification of Type
1 (332) construction unless advised by the fire consultant:
Rating
Structural Element Type
(Hours)
Supporting more than one floor, columns or
3
other bearing walls
Exterior Bearing Walls Supporting one floor only 3
Supporting roof only 3
Supporting more than one floor, columns or
3
other bearing walls
Interior Bearing Walls Supporting one floor only 2
Supporting roof only 2

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Supporting more than one floor, columns or
3
other bearing walls
Columns Supporting one floor only 2
Supporting roof only 2
Beams, Girders, Trusses Supporting more than one floor, columns or
3
and other bearing walls
Supporting one floor only 2
Arches
Supporting roof only 2
Floor-Ceiling Construction 2
Slabs
Roof-Ceiling Construction 1.5
Table 4-1. Fire Rating Requirements for Building Classification of Type 1 (332).

• • Protection to concrete structure will be provided by adequate cover to reinforcement unless

cladding or other finishes provide necessary protection.

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• Details of fire protection system for steel structure are specified by the architect in accordance
with the required finishes.

4.3 Concrete Cover

The Concrete Cover complying with ACI requirements as shown in Table 4-2:
Elements Concrete Cover (mm)
Wall 40
Column 40
Beam 40
Slab 25
Table 4-2. Concrete Cover.

• For all exposed concrete in contact with soil: 75mm.

• For all exposed concrete in contract with soil protected by W/P: 50 mm.
4.4 Robustness
A careful check should be made and appropriate actions taken to ensure that there is no inherent
weakness of structural layout and that adequate means exist to transmit the gravity loads safely
from superstructure to the foundations.
5. Analysis Perimeters
5.1 Load Combinations
The following load combinations have been used for structural design:

Strength Design Description

1) 1.4(D+F) Gravity
2) 1.2(D+F)+1.6(L+H)+0.5(Lr or S or R) Gravity
3)1.2D+1.6(Lr or S or R)+(F1L or 0.8W) Wind
4) 1.2D + 1.6W +F1L +0.5(Lr or S or R) Wind
5)1.2D +1E + F1L+ F2S Earthquake
6) 0.9D+ 1.6W +1.6H Wind
7) 0.9D +1E + 1.6H Earthquake
8) 1.2(D+F)+1.6(L+H)+1T Temperature
9) 1.2(D+F)+1.6H+0.5L+1.2T Temperature
Table 5-1.

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Serviceability Description
1) (D+F) Gravity
2) D+H+F+L+T Gravity
3) D+H+F+(Lr or S or R) Gravity
4) D+H+F+0.75(L+T) +0.75(Lr or S or R) Gravity
5) D+H+F+ (W or 0.7E) Earthquake & WIND
6) D+H+F+0.75 (W or 0.7E) +0.75L +0.75(Lr Earthquake & WIND
or S or R)
7) 0.6D + W + H WIND
8) 0.6D + 0.7 E + H Earthquake
Table 5-2.
DL = Dead Load (Self Weight) E = Seismic Load
SDL = Superimposed Dead Load T = Temperature Load
LL = Live Load H = Hydrostatic Load
W = Wind Load (Wind Tunnel Test 50 yrs)

• Live Load Reduction is allowed for loads less than 4.8KPa.

• Hydrostatic Load will be added in the Load Combinations whichever is required.

• Orthogonal Effect will be added in earthquake strength load combinations as per UBC 97
section 1633.1

E = Ex + 0.3Ey E = 0.3Ex + Ey

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5.2 Stiffness Modifiers

UBC 1997 1910.11.1 The factored axial forces, Pu, the factored moments, M1 and M2, at the
ends of the column and, where required, the relative lateral story deflections, Do, shall be
computed using an elastic first-order frame analysis with the section properties determined taking
into account the influence of axial loads, the presence of cracked regions along the length of the
member and effects of duration of loads. Alternatively, it shall be permitted to use the following
properties for the members in the structure:
Structural
Design Stage Modifiers
Member
(F11, F22, F12=0.70) & (M11, M22, M12=0.70) Wall (uncracked)
(F11, F22, F12=0.35) & (M11, M22, M12=0.35) Wall (cracked)
(F11, F22, F12=0.35) & (M11, M22, M12=0.35) Basement wall
(F11, F22, F12=1.00) & (M11, M22, M12=0.25) RC slab
Strength (F11, F22, F12=1.00) & (M11, M22, M12=0.35)
RC beam
& (I22, I33, T = 0.35)
(I22, I33, T = 0.7)
RC column

(F11, F22, F12=1.00) & (M11, M22, M12=1.00) Wall (uncracked)

(F11, F22, F12=0.50) & (M11, M22, M12=0.50) Wall (cracked)
(F11, F22, F12=0.50) & (M11, M22, M12=0.50) Basement wall
(F11, F22, F12=1.00) & (M11, M22, M12=0.35) RC slab
Serviceability (F11, F22, F12=1.00) & (M11, M22, M12=0.50)
RC beam
& (I22, I33, T = 0.50)
(I22, I33, T = 1.00)
RC column

Table 5-3.

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5.3 Mass Source

Applied to each joint in the structure on a tributary area basis in all three translational directions.
Load Case Percentage
Dead Load 100%
Superimposed Dead Load 100%
Mechanical Load 100%
Fluid Load 100%
Live Load 500 25%
Table 5-4
Note that section 1630 of UBC 97 requires minimum 25 percent of floor live load for storage and
warehouse occupancies.
5.4 Response Spectrum
UBC 1997 1631.4.1 Response spectrum analysis. An elastic dynamic analysis of a structure
utilizing the peak dynamic response of all modes having a significant contribution to total
structural response. Peak modal responses are calculated using the ordinates of the appropriate
response spectrum curve which correspond to the modal periods. Maximum modal contributions
are combined in a statistical manner to obtain an approximate total structural response.

Item Requirement
Structural Damping 0.05 as per UBC 97
Modal Combination Complete Quadratic Combination - CQC
Directional Combination Square Root of the Sum of their Squares - SRSS
Eccentricity 0.05 as per UBC 97
Table 5-5.

5.5 P-Delta Effect

UBC 1997 1630.1.3 P-Delta effects. The resulting member forces and moments and the story
drifts induced by P-Delta effects shall be considered in the evaluation of overall structural frame
stability and shall be evaluated using the forces producing the displacements of ∆S.
Item Requirement
Method Iteration Based on Load Combinations
Maximum Iterations Floors / 3
Relative Tolerance - Displacements 0.001
Table 5-6

Load Case Scale Factor

Dead Load 1.2
Superimposed Dead Load 1.2
Fluid Load 1.2
Mechanical Load 1
Live Load 0.5
Table 5-7.

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5.6 Long Term Deflection – Cracked Analysis

Loads Applied
Load Case Scale Analysis Type
Load Case
Factor
Long Term Dead Load 1 Nonlinear (Long Term Cracked)
Sustained Superimposed Dead Load 1 Creep Coefficient =2.5
Live Load 0.25 Shrinkage Tolerance = 0.0005
Immediate Dead Load 1
All Superimposed Dead Load 1 Nonlinear (Cracked)
Live Load 1
Immediate Dead Load 1
Sustained Superimposed Dead Load 1 Nonlinear (Cracked)
Live Load 0.25
Table 5.8.

• Scale Factor for MEP and Equipment Load is 0.5.

• Load Combination for Long Term Deflection:
Long Term Deflection = Long Term Sustained + Immediate All –Immediate
Sustained
• Cracking Modulus of Rupture = 0.625√fc’.
5.7 Deflection and Drift Criteria
The structure and structural elements are to be capable of carrying the imposed loadings in a
manner that does not produce excessive deflection or vibration. Deflection criteria is set out in
the following table.
Item Description Limit
1.0 Vertical Deflection (Table 9.5 ACI 318M-11)
1.1 Flat roofs not supporting or Immediate Deflection due L/180
attached to non-structural to Live load.
elements likely to be damaged
by large deflections.
1.2 Floors not supporting or Immediate Deflection due L/360
attached to non-structural to Live load.
elements likely to be damaged
by large deflections.
1.3 Roof or floor construction That part of the total L/480
supporting or attached to non- deflection occurring after
structural elements likely to be attachment of non-
damaged by large deflections. structural elements (sum
1.4 Roof or floor construction of the long-term deflection L/240
supporting or attached to non- due to all sustained loads
structural elements not likely to and the immediate
be damaged by large deflection due to
deflections additional live load).
1.5 Floors and roofs supporting Total deflection occurring Lesser of L/480
brittle non-structural elements. after attachment of non- or 30mm
structural elements.

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Item Description Limit

1.6 Cantilever will be limited to the above half value.
1.7 ACI318M-11 CL9.5.2.5 Unless values above are obtained by a more
comprehensive analysis, additional long-term deflection resulting from creep
and shrinkage of flexural members shall be determined by multiplying the
immediate deflection caused by the sustained load considered by the factor ξ /
(1+50p’) where p’ shall be the value at mid-span for simple and continuous
spans and at support for cantilevers. It shall be permitted to assume ξ, the time-
dependent factor for sustained loads, to be equal to: 5 years or more = 2.0, 12
months = 1.4, 6 months = 1.2, and 3 months = 1.0.
2.0 Lateral Drift
2.1 Total Drift Under Wind 10 - year return period for H/500
45m/s speed
2.2 Inter-story Drift Under Wind 10 - year return period for h/400
45m/s speed
2.3 Inter-story Drift Under Seismic Cracked analysis 0.02 h
3.0 Vibration of Floor Structure
3.1 Natural frequency of the flow Slab dynamic respond for Minimum 4 Hz
structure regular/typical slab
3.2 Design for walking Excitation Peak Acceleration, ap for Maximum 0.5% g
office and residential
hotel
4.0 Building Acceleration (From wind Load Estimates by Windtech)
4.1 Maximum combined 1-year return period peak 10.7 milli-g
building acceleration, from the W.H. Melbourne
(1988) criteria.
4.2 Maximum combined 1-year return period peak 10.4 milli-g
building acceleration, from the ISO10137 (2007)
criteria for hotel towers
4.3 Maximum combined 5-year return period standard 5.1 millig-g
deviation building acceleration, from the ISO6897
(1984) criteria
Table 5-9. Deflection Criteria.

5.8 Analytical Modeling and Methodology

Analytical modelling of the structures comprising the Building will primarily use the ETABS
software, supplemented where appropriate. This will provide for a range of:
• Analysis options appropriate to the structural form and level of development.
• Material options (Steel, Concrete, Composite, Foundation).
The software will be used in an appropriate way for the relevant stage of the structural design.
The analytical models will be carried out in the manner appropriate with the overall BIM
philosophy of this Project.
The analysis will include appropriate loading and combinations required by the design codes. It
is anticipated that, as the design evolves, this document will be modified to record and explain
the designs loads and combinations adopted.
Two ETABS model shall be provided as follows:
• Strength Model

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• Serviceability Model
5.8.1 Drift/Strength Model
This model is used to check the building drift due to earthquake loading. The model is also used
for design of structural elements and frames.
Stiffness Modifier
Section property of this model used stiffness EI for strength design as mentioned in section 5.2
and table 5.4 of this report.

Supports
Buildings base support are fixed.

Columns & Wall

Vertical element of base level supporting other elements and having a cross section with a length
to thickness ratio lw/bw of greater than 4 is modelled as wall shell elements. While ratio lw/bw of
equal or less than 4 is modelled as column frame element. These elements will continue to the
upper level regardless of the ratio lw/bw for the continuity of the forces.
Slabs
Solid slab & PT slabs are modelled as shell element. While deck slabs are model as membrane.
Semi-Rigid diaphragm is considered to transfer lateral load.

Response Spectral Analysis

Response Spectral Analysis is used for dynamic analysis.
Static base shear from section 1630.2.1 of UBC 97 is used to scale the value of Response
Spectrum Base Reaction. Minimum scale factor for response spectrum analysis shall be I*g/R)
= 2.11.
After scaling, Torsional Amplication is considered.
Orthogonal Effect will be added in earthquake strength load combinations.
E = Ex + 0.3Ey E = 0.3Ex + Ey

The vertical component Ev is used as defined in section 1630.1.1 of UBC 1997

Ev = 0.5 Ca * I * Dead Load
Ev = 0.5 *0.20 * 1 * Dead Load
Ev = 0.10 Dead Load

P-delta is considered in this model as mentioned previously.

5.8.2 Frequency/Serviceability Model

This model is used to check for stability and serviceability of the whole building. Frequency and
sway & interstory drift due to wind can be extracted.
Serviceability model is same as strength model except that floor are with rigid diaphragm and the
modifier assignments are as per table 5.4.

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6. Materials
6.1 Structural Concrete
The basic design concrete designation, strength grades used in project shall be in accordance
with ACI 318M-11, ACI363R-10 and ASCE 07-05.
Location in Structures Concrete Strength Concrete Modulus of Elasticity
fʹc (MPa) Ec (MPa)
Piles 60 36406.04
Raft 60 36406.04
Retaining Wall & Basement Water 36406.04
60
Tank
Column up to Slab 42 70 41475.58
Column above Slab 42 50 33234
Wall And Coupling Beam Upto 70 41475.58
Slab 42
Wall And Coupling Beam Above 50 33234
Slab 42
Beam & Slab 50 33234
Table 6-1.
Modulus of Elasticity for Normal Strength Concrete (f’c < 50) as per ACI 318M-11:
Ec = 4700 √f’c
Modulus of Elasticity for High Strength Concrete (f’c ≥ 50):
Ec = (0.043 * (wc)1.5 √f’c) wc = 2450 kg/m³
*Avg of two is used for garde 70(MPA).

Modulus rupture as per ACI318M-11

fr =0.625 √f’c in MPa

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The Concrete Mix to be specified as per DM Building Department requirements and as

summarized in the Tables below.
For Substructure
Options Lowest Nominal Maximum Minimum Composition
Concrete Cover W/C Ratio Combination
(mm) Contentᶜ (kg/m³)
1ᵈ 50ᵅ, 75ᵇ 0.45 360 PC with 66% to 80%
GGBS
2 50ᵅ, 75ᵇ 0.40 380 PC with 36% to 55% Fly
Ash
3ᵈ 50ᵅ, 75ᵇ 0.35 380 PC with 36% to 65%
GGBS
4 50ᵅ, 75ᵇ 0.35 380 PC with 26% to 35% Fly
Ash
Table 6-2. Required Combination Types for Durable & Green Reinforced or Prestressed Concrete Elements for
Substructure.

For Superstructures
Options Compressive Lowest Maximum Minimum Composition
Strength Class Nominal W/C Ratio Combination
(Cylinder/Cub) Concrete Contentᶜ
Cover (mm) (kg/m³)
380 PC with 26% to 35%
5 ≥ C45/55* 30 0.35 GGBS
380 PC with 16% to 20%
6 ≥ C45/55* 30 0.35 Fly Ash
380 PC with 36% to 65%
7ᵈ C40/50 30 0.35 GGBS
380 PC with 26% to 35%
8ᵈ C40/50 30 0.35 Fly Ash
380 PC with 66% to 80%
9ᵈ C32/40 30 0.4 GGBS
380 PC with 36% to 55%
10 C32/40 30 0.4 Fly Ash
360 PC with 36% to 65%
11ᵈ C32/40 30 0.45 GGBS
340 PC with 66% to 80%
12ᵈ C25/30 35 0.50 GGBS
340 PC with 36% to 55%
13ᵈ C25/30 35 0.50 Fly Ash
Blinding (Non-
14ᵈ Structural - 0.55 220 PC with 36% to 55%
Elements) GGBS
Blinding (Non-
PC with 26% to 35%
15ᵈ Structural - 0.55 220 Fly Ash
lements)
Table 6-3. Required Combination Types for Durable & Green Reinforced or Prestressed Concrete Elements for
Superstructures.

• Reference Code Number: BS 8500-1:2006

a – For concrete cast against blinding
b – For concrete cast directly against the soil.
c – For maximum aggregate size of 20 mm.
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d – Inclusive of low early strength option.

PC – Portland Cement.
GGBS – Ground granulated blast furnace slag.
* Allow for compressive strength testing at 56 days.
* Additional 4 to 7% Silica fume for classes ≥C80/100 is recommended.
Properties of the concrete as usual in design
Basic Shrinkage Strain 700 x 10-6 at 56 days
Basic Creep Factor (Refer Note 1) 2
Co-efficient of thermal expansion 10-12 x 10-6 per °C
Poisson’s Ratio 0.2 to 0.3
Table 6-4.

Notes:
• Ratio of ultimate creep strain to elastic strain for a specimen loaded at 28 days under constant
stress of 0.4f’c.
• Grout used under steel column is to be non-shrinkable and to have a minimum characteristic
strength of 60 MPa after 28 days.

6.2 Structural Steel

6.2.1 Reinforcing Steel
The reinforcement bars shall comply with ASTM A615M-16 and ASTM A1064M-17 and have
minimum characteristic strength of:
• 460 MPa (reinforcement rebars).
• The welded wire reinforcement shall comply with ASTM A82 and have minimum characteristic
strength of:
• 500 MPa (welded wire reinforcement).

6.2.2 Structural Steel

Structural steel shall be in compliance with the following standards:

Table 6-5. Standards for Structural Steel.

6.2.3 Concrete Masonry

Concrete masonry units (CMU) shall be hollow load bearing Type Grade N and meet the
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requirements of ASTM C90. Mortar shall be Type S. All CMU shall have a 28-day cylinder
compressive strength of 9.3 MPa.
7. Ground Condition and Foundations
7.1 Geotechnical Data
For the purpose of geotechnical design, the following documents were used:
• Final Soil Investigation Report submitted by Technical Laboratory for soil and building
material on 2015, Reference No. DS/17995.

Groundwater was encountered at depth ranging from 7.3m to 8 . 5 m below investigated ground
level which is almost range of -4.4 ot -5.0 [DMD] level. However, measured ground water is
expected to change due to the dewatering in the vicinity.

The pile working load capacities for tension and compression is tabulated below. (source: Soil
Investigation Report DS/17995/G).

Table 7-1. The pile working load capacities

8. General Description of the Structural System

8.1 Foundation
It is anticipated that RC bored piles shall be used. These piles shall be extended into the layer of
soft rock, resisting both gravity and lateral load. For the purpose of superstructure design pile
shall be represented as a spring with stiffness equivalent to the value of (source: Soil
Investigation Report DS/17995/G).

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Table 8-1. Pile spring stiffness.

Foundation system to be used for the tower is raft / pile caps supported by bored RC piles. During
DC stage very preliminary piling design was provided where 0.8m & 1.5 m diameter bored RC
piles were used.

8.2 Substructure
The basement will be constructed in reinforced concrete according to appropriate standards for
both strength and durability. The substructure will be designed to provide foundations and base
to the building. The substructure comprises of the following elements:
• Ground Floor Slabs accommodating building area, outside roads.
Structural system is anticipated to be RC flat slabs with drop panels at the column locations.
The size, shape and arrangement of the slab shall accommodate loading criteria and
landscaping design.
• Basement 1 is to be lowest constructed structure accommodating parking areas. Structural
slab shall be raft with piles(estimated thickness 1m-3m).
• Basement retaining RC permanent wall shall be constructed around the basement perimeter.
This wall shall be designed for the long-term loading conditions including al load combinations
for all types of vertical and lateral loads.
• RC Columns and Core walls will support horizontal structural elements. It is intended that major
structural transfers should be avoided and architectural concept was developed around that
principle.

The following factors shall be applicable during substructure design and construction:
• Proper Waterproofing membrane to be provided around basement walls and under Basement
1 slab.
• Proper dewatering system shall be applied and maintained during substructure and
superstructure construction. This system shall be active until sufficient counterweight of the
superstructure is constructed to balance hydrostatic uplift forces.
• Removal of potential temporary steel structures (if applicable) shall be carefully coordinated
between temporary and permanent works in design stages. The proper construction
procedure shall be clearly specified and presented on IFC drawings.
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• There will be no expansion joint between the tower and the basement and podium structure.
The effects of differential settlement, creep, concrete shrinkage shall be analyzed during
Design Development Stage.
• The concrete for the substructure for concrete elements in direct contact with ground shall be
designed to limit a crack width to 0.2 mm.

8.3 Superstructure
The building structure is based on RC structural wall with RC central core and parameter blade
walls as a main vertical element for the tower and 200mm THK RC concrete slab. Internal
framing comprises of RC flat slabs with drop panels at GF.
Podium structure is RC wall, similar to remaining structural elements.
Lateral stiffness and resistance to all lateral loads were provided by combined action of RC central
core and parameter RC walls. As per the Dubai Municipality recommended structural system
(R=4.5), the structure is to be design using relative stiffness of all elements without any
deformation compatibility check. This approach is more realistic considering that the seismic
zone is only moderate. Detailing of concrete elements to satisfy seismic detailing requirements
as per ACI 318M-11, will be implemented in design.
Global 3D structural analysis was undertaken by ETABS software, with modelling technics and
methods as per DM requirements. It was design intent to analyze tower, podium and basement
structure as one structural model, not providing expansion joint between tower and surrounding
structure.

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