logarithms

Drill 1: Solutions

a. Answer: 4
Explanation:

log(x+2) + log(x-2) = log 12

Log (x+2)(x-2) = log 12
(x+2)(x-2) = 12
2
x – 4 = 12
x2 = 16
x = ±4
But logarithm values can only be taken for natural values
So x = 4

b. Answer: 6 + log 5
Explanation:

log10200 + log10 40 + 2log10 25 = log10 (200x40) + log10252

= log10 (200x40x25x25)
= log10 (8x103x625)
= log10 (5000x103) = log10(5x106)
= log105 + 6log1010 = 6 + log 5

c. Answer: 13104
Explanation:

256
log 256 = 56 log2
= 56 x 0.3010
= 16.856
Number of digits = 16+1 = 17

Drill 2 : Solutions
a. Answer: 37
Explanation:

-7,-3,1,5,9
The 12th term is
a = -7
d = -3-(-7) = 4
T12 = a + 11d= -7 + 11(4) = -7+44=37

b. Answer: 315
Explanation:

-7,-3,1,5,9
The sum of series can be found by
Sn = n/2[2a+ (n-1) d]
S15 = 15/2 [2*(-7) + (15-1)*4]
S15 = 315

Drill 3 solutions:

a. Answer: 6250
Explanation:

2, 10, 50, 250...

Nth term of G.P. can be found by
tn= a*r (n-1)
r =10/2 =50/10 = 5.
6th term is given by,
t6 = 2*55
= 2*3125
t6 = 6250

b. Answer: 7812
Explanation:

2, 10, 50, 250, ... sum of the 6th term

Sum of nth term
Sn = a* (rn-1)/(r-1)
r =10/2 =50/10 = 5.
S6 = 2* (56-1)/ (5-1)
S6=7812
c. Answer: 54
Explanation:

18, 2, 8..... •
Sn = a/ (1-r)
r =12/18 (or) 8/12 =2/3.
= 18/ (1-(2/3))
=18/ (1/3)
Sn= 54

Drill 4 Solutions:

a. Explanation

Complementary angle= sum of two angles=90∞

i.e.q1+q2=90∞
Supplementary angle= sum of two angles=180∞
i.e.q1+q2=180∞
Complementary Supplementary
∑ 75∞ 90∞ - 75∞=15∞ 180∞ - 75∞=105∞
∑ 82∞ 90∞ - 82∞=8∞ 180∞ - 82∞=98∞
∑ 64∞50¢ 90∞ - 64∞50¢=35∞10¢ 180∞ - 64∞50¢=115∞10¢ [since 60¢=1∞]
∑ 21∞12¢ 90∞ - 21∞12¢=68∞48¢ 180∞ - 21∞12¢=158∞48¢
∑ 42∞40¢ 90∞ - 42∞40¢=47∞20¢ 180∞ - 42∞40¢=137∞20¢

b. Explanation

Reflex angle =360∞-q

∑ 175∞ =360∞-175∞ =185∞
∑ 136∞44¢ =360∞-136∞44¢ =223∞16¢
∑ 92∞18¢ =360∞-92∞18¢ =267∞32¢
∑ 101∞01¢ =360∞-101∞01¢ =258∞59¢

c. Answer: 162*
Explanation:

We know that sum of exterior angles in a polygon =360∞

 For 20 side polygon, each side =360∞/20∞ =18∞
Interior angle = 180∞-exterior angle
= 180∞-18∞ =162∞

d. Answer: 90°
Explanation:

Given that EO is angular bisector

So,

– OEA should be 30∞ since it is an angular bisector

If –FEA = 60∞ Similarly F =– 60∞
If –F = 60∞ then –EFC is also 120∞
Given that OF is angular bisector .So –EFO = 60∞
Sum of angles in a triangle is 180∞
–OEF = 30∞ –EFO = 60∞ –EOF = 180∞ - (60+30) = 90∞

e. Answer: 130°
Explanation

We know that sum of angles in triangle is 180∞

–P + Q + R = 180∞
30 + 100 + R = 180
R = 50
 QPR = 30∞
PQR = 100∞
PRS = 180 - PRQ
[Sum of exterior angles = 180∞]
PRS = 180∞-50∞ = 130∞

f. Answer: 165°
Explanation

In the figure, PQ ÁÁRS ÁÁTU and WX is parallel to YZ. –YXS = 35∞, –RXZ = 50∞. Find –XYZ.
Drill 5 solutions :

a. Explanation

i. Given : The side of the triangle a = 4÷3 cm

Height of the equilateral triangle h = ÷3a/2 = (÷3 x 4÷3)/2 = 6cm
ii. Area of equilateral triangle = ÷3/4 x a2 =÷3/4 x 4÷3 x 4÷3 = 12÷3
iii. Area of a regular hexagon = (3÷3/2)a2 = 3÷3/2 x 4÷3 x 4÷3 = 72÷3 cm
iv. Perimeter of regular hexagon
Sum of length of regular hexagon = 6a = 6 x 4÷3 = 24÷3

b. Explanation

Length of room l = 60 m
Breadth of room b = 50m
Height of room h = 20m
i. Floor area of each room
lb = 50 x 60 = 3000m2
ii. Volume of each room = l x b x h = 50 x 60 x 20 = 60000m3
iii. Tiles required to make the walls =
2(bh + lh) (Since walls are only on 4 sides, lb need not be calculated)
2(1200) + 2(1000)
=2400 + 2000 = 4400
No of tiles = 4400/ (3x2) = 4400/6 = 733 (1/3)

c. Explanation

Diameter = 14 cm h = 6cm r = 7cm

Volume of cylinder = pr2h
=px7x7x6 = 924 cm3
Volume of cone = 1/3pr2h
=1/3 x 22/7 x 7 x 7 x6 = 308 cm3
Total surface area of cylinder = 2pr2 + 2prh
= 2pr(r+h)
= 2 x p x 7(7+6)
= 472 cm2

d. Answer: 440 m2
Explanation
 Area of garden = Total area – Area of
rectangular plot
= ((22+10)x(12+10) – (22x12))
= [32 x 22] – [ 22 x 12]
= 20 x 22 = 440m2

e. Answer: 256cm2
Explanation

Perimeter of triangle = 14+19+31 = 64 cm3

Now, perimeter of triangle = perimeter of square (Since the rope is made as a square)
\Perimeter of square = 4a =64
A=64/4=16 cms
Area of square = a2 =162 =256 cm2

Drill 6 Solutions:

a. Explanation

X2-6X+5=0
(i) Using formula [-b±÷(b2-4ac)]/2a
[6±÷(36-20)]/2 = (6±4)/2
= (6+4)/2 = 5
(6-4)/2=1
The roots are 1,5

(ii) x2+5x-84=0
x2+12x-7x-84=0
x(x+12)-7(x+12)=0
(x-7)(x+12)=0
x=7 x=-12 The roots are 7,-12
 (iii) Formula [-b±÷(b2-4ac)]/2a
[-13±÷(169+1740)]/10
(-13±÷1909)/10

b. Answer: x2+8x-33=0
Explanation

Roots of the equation are 3,-11

(x-3)(x+11)
X2+11x-3x-33=0
x2+8x-33=0

Googly Questions:

1. Wrong

Log(4x+3) – log(3x-7) = log12

Actually the answer given is wrong because the formula should be

Log a – log b = log a/b

2. Correct

The surface area = 6a2 which will be equal to the surface area generated because of the cuts
made on the cube. Hence there will be a 100% increase in the surface area.

3. Wrong.

Ravi jumps from the height of 21 and he doesn’t bounce back to the same height of 21.
Instead, he will bounce 2/3rd of 21 feet. So the answer is wrong because the sum of terms in GP =
a/1-r
We can’t start the a with 42 because he is not bouncing back the same 21

4. Correct.

Decagon‡10 sides
 Value of external angle = 360/10 = 36∞
External angle + internal angle = 180∞so internal angle = 144∞

5. Wrong.
X2+9x+20
X2+ 4x +5x+20=0
X(x+4) +5(x+4) =0
(x+5)(x+4)=0
X+5=0 x+4=0
X=-5 x=-4
So the roots are not 5,4 instead it is (-5,-4)

Concept Review Questions:

1. Answer: option(a)
Explanation:

log 3+log 2
We know the identity (loga m + loga n =loga (m*n)
So the answer is log (3*2) =log6

2. Answer: option(d)
Explanation:

log 3x-log 6=log 9

We know the identity (loga m-loga n =loga (m/n)
m=3x, n=6, m/n=9
3x/6=9, 3x=54
\x=18

3. Answer: option(b)
Explanation:

We know that loga b = 1/logb a

1/log250+1/log550+1/log550 can be written as
log502 + log505+ log505
=log50 (2x5x5) = log5050=1

4. Answer: option(d)
Explanation:
 logm p = p log m
Same way log92 = 2log9
(2 log 9)/ (log 9) = 2

5. Answer: option(b)
Explanation:

12550
Taking log we get = log (125)50
125 can be written as 53
Log (53)50=log 5150
=150log5 ( log5=0.69897)
=150(0.69897)
=104.84 @ 105

6. Answer: option(b)
Explanation:

Let the number be x

Actual number = 26x
Processed number = 62x
So the difference in the number = 900
62x-26x = 900
36x = 900
x=900/36 =25
So the number (actual) =26x = 26 x 25 = 650

7. Answer: option(b)
Explanation:

No of apples purchased for Rs. 360Ë?

Going from the options
(a) 20
360/20 = 18 Rs/apples
If the cost is increased by 3 = 18 + 3 =21
360/21 = 17.14 (Wrong option)
(b) 24
360/24 = 15Rs/apple
If increased by Rs.3 it will become Rs 18/apple
So the no. of apples = 360/18 = 20 which is 4 less than the actual one and satisfies the condition
\Karan purchased 24 apples

8. Answer: option(b)
 Explanation:

In this problem the 10th and 11th terms are the middle terms. So considering the concept of
average
(Which is the middle one), we get
Sum/n = 210/20 =21/2
Here 21 represent the sum and 2 represents the 10th and 11th terms. \ The sum is 21

9. Answer: option(a)
Explanation:

Assume there are 3 numbers in AP .They are a-d, a, a+d. The middle term is average \Sum/n
= 36/3 = 12
So a =12
If difference is 1; the terms are 11, 12, 13 but the sum of squares= 121 + 144 + 169 =434 ±440
So taking the difference is 2.The terms are 10, 12 and 14
The sum of squares = 100+144+196 =440
\ 10, 12, 14 satisfies the condition .So the larger number is 14

10. Answer: option(c)

Explanation:

We know that sum of terms of infinitely long decreasing GP = a/1-r

128 + (64+64) + (32+32) + (16+16) + (8+8) + (4+4) + (2+2) + (1+1)....
128+ 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2
We can apply the formula a/(1-r)
= 128 + 128/(1-1/2) = 128 + 256 =384

11. Answer: option(b)

Explanation:

For the arithmetic mean we can tell sum of the (1st term + last term) divided by 2
= (-4+40)/2 = 18
Since the difference between the terms is the same we can use the above method.

12. Answer: option(d)

Explanation:
 So for the numbers to be a multiple of both 5 and 3, the number should start from 60 and end at
4500 within the given range of 55 to 4505
The first number which is multiple of both 5 and 3 is 15 and 4500 is the 300th term.
Since we are starting from 60, we have to eliminate 15, 30, 45 behind (3 terms)
So the no. of terms = 300-3 = 297

13. Answer: option(b)

Explanation:

Arithmetic mean of 2 numbers a, b or a+b/2 and geometric mean = ÷ab

Going from the options
a=4/5, b =1/5
a+b = 1
(a+b)/2 =1/2 as given
GM = ÷ab = ÷(4/5 x 1/5) = ÷(4/25) = 2/5
\ 4/5, 1/5 satisfies the condition

14. Answer: option(a)

Explanation:

Given that flower triples for every 10 minutes

So minutes flowers
0 31
10 32
20 33
So we need to find 59049 in terms of powers of 3 instead we can go for power of 9 and we can
double the power 9 = 32. Since the unit digit is 9 it will be enough if we check for the odd
powers of 9 (power cycles)
93= 729
95=59049
\ 95= 310
\ For 90 minutes the power will be 310
90 minutes = 1 hour + 30 minutes

15. Answer: option(b)

Explanation:
AOC = 40∞ (Vertically opposite angle)
6x + 40 + x =180
7x = 140 →x= 20∞

16. Answer: option(d)

Explanation:

The total interior angle of an equilateral triangle = 180

Bisector forms an angle 60∞/2 = 30∞

\ DBC + BCD = 30 + 30 = 60
From triangle BDC, total angle = 180
DBC + BCD + BDC =180∞
BDC = 180 -60 =120∞

17. Answer: option(a)

Explanation:

We know that area of trapezium

=1/2 x sum of parallel sides x height
Parallel sides = 11m and 25m
Height = 12m
= ½ *(11+25) x 72
=1/2 x 36 x 12 = 216 m2
18. Answer: option(d)
Explanation:

Given c =110 from this information we are not able to conclude any answer .So it is cannot be
determined

19. Answer: option(a)

Explanation:

From the options

If Abhilash has 10 coins
Then with Ravi = 10 +2 =12
Coins with Raghav = 10-2 =8
8, 10, 12
Product = 8x10x12 = 960
\10 satisfies condition

20. Answer: option(a)

Explanation:

The roots of the equation

x2+10x+24=0 are 6 and 4.The reciprocal & roots are 1/6 and ¼
Sum of the roots = 5/12
Product of the roots =1/24
In the generalised equations ax2+bx+c=0 , the co-efficient of x will have the sum of the roots
and constant term c will have product of roots
x2+5/12x+1/24 =0
24x2+10x+1=0