Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 2K views

    Chapter 1. Electronic Components & Signals

    Uploaded by

    Pavankumar Gosavi
    Electronic components fall into two categories: active components that control electricity flow and require an external power source, like diodes and transistors, and passive components that don't control flow or require power, like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Common components include resistors, which limit current flow; capacitors, which store electric energy; and inductors, which store magnetic energy. Integrated circuits integrate multiple electronic components onto a single chip, providing advantages like small size, low cost, and high reliability. Electronic signals can be either analog, with continuously varying amplitude, or digital, with discrete voltage levels representing 1s and 0s. Sources supply electrical energy either in the form of voltage from a voltage source or current from a

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 1. Electronic Components & Signals

    Uploaded by

    Pavankumar Gosavi
    2K views12 pages
    Electronic components fall into two categories: active components that control electricity flow and require an external power source, like diodes and transistors, and passive components that don't control flow or require power, like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Common components include resistors, which limit current flow; capacitors, which store electric energy; and inductors, which store magnetic energy. Integrated circuits integrate multiple electronic components onto a single chip, providing advantages like small size, low cost, and high reliability. Electronic signals can be either analog, with continuously varying amplitude, or digital, with discrete voltage levels representing 1s and 0s. Sources supply electrical energy either in the form of voltage from a voltage source or current from a

    Original Title

    electronic-components-signals

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Electronic components fall into two categories: active components that control electricity flow and require an external power source, like diodes and transistors, and passive components that don't control flow or require power, like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Common components include resistors, which limit current flow; capacitors, which store electric energy; and inductors, which store magnetic energy. Integrated circuits integrate multiple electronic components onto a single chip, providing advantages like small size, low cost, and high reliability. Electronic signals can be either analog, with continuously varying amplitude, or digital, with discrete voltage levels representing 1s and 0s. Sources supply electrical energy either in the form of voltage from a voltage source or current from a

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2K views12 pages

    Chapter 1. Electronic Components & Signals

    Uploaded by

    Pavankumar Gosavi
    Electronic components fall into two categories: active components that control electricity flow and require an external power source, like diodes and transistors, and passive components that don't control flow or require power, like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Common components include resistors, which limit current flow; capacitors, which store electric energy; and inductors, which store magnetic energy. Integrated circuits integrate multiple electronic components onto a single chip, providing advantages like small size, low cost, and high reliability. Electronic signals can be either analog, with continuously varying amplitude, or digital, with discrete voltage levels representing 1s and 0s. Sources supply electrical energy either in the form of voltage from a voltage source or current from a

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 12

    Chapter 1.

    ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & SIGNALS

    There are numerous basic electronic components that are used for building electronic circuits.
    Without these components, circuit designs are never complete or didn’t function well. These
    components include resistors, diodes, capacitors, integrated circuits, and so on. Some of these
    components consists of two or more terminals which are soldered to circuit boards. Some may be
    packaged type like integrated circuits in which different semiconductor devices are integrated.

    Electronic Components mainly classified in to two types:

    Active Components:-

    The component which required external source for their operation is called as Active
    Components.

    Or

    The component which control the flow of electricity is called as active component.

    e.g. Diodes, Transistors, SCR etc.

    Passive Components:-

    The component which do not required external source for their operation is called as passive
    components.

    Or

    The component which don’t control the flow of electricity is called as Passive component.

    e.g. Resistor, Capacitor & Inductor

    Resistors:-

    A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in
    an electronic circuit.

    Unit of resistance is ohm (Ω).

    Types of resistor:-

    There are two types of resistors:

    1. Fixed resistor:- 2. Variable resistor:-


    Fig. Symbol of fixed & Variable resistor

    Classification of Resistors:-

    Working Principle of Resistor:-

    A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements


    electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current
    flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines,
    among other uses.

    Color code of resistor:

    Components and wires are coded with colors to identify their value and function.
    To remember all colors there is one sentence “BBROY of Great Britain, have Very Good Wife”

    Procedure to Find out Value of resistor:

    1) Take first & second color band values as it is.


    2) Third color band is multiplier
    3) Fourth color band is tolerance i.e. + or -.
    For e.g.

    Q. Determine the value of resistance with the following colour code:


    (i) Red, Red, Orange, Gold (ii) Brown, Black, Black, Silver
    (i) Red, Red, Orange, Gold

    Ans.
    Specifications of Resistor:-

     Resistance Value / Resistivity


    Tolerance
    Power Rating
    Thermal Stability
    Maximum operating temperature
     Maximum operating voltage

    Applications of Resistor:-

     Current limiting resistors


     Transistor biasing resistors
     For Audio control
     For Speed Control of Fans
     Feedback networks
     Potential dividers
     Amplifier circuits
     Voltage regulators
     SMPS
     Radio & TV

    Inductors:
    An inductor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of a magnetic
    field.

    Unit of Inductance is Henry (H).

    Functions of Inductor:

    1) It opposes the flow of AC through it.


    2) It bypasses the DC through it easily.
    3) It stores the magnetic Field.
    Types of Inductor:

    Mainly there are two types of inductors

    1) Fixed Inductor 2) Variable Inductor

    Specifications of Inductors:-

    1. Inductance Value
    2. D.C. Resistance
    3. Frequency range
    4. Q Factor
    5. Power losses
    6. Temperature coefficient
    7. Current Rating

    Applications of Inductor:-

    1. Transformers
    2. Inductive tuned circuits
    3. Relay
    4. Choke
    5. Induction motors
    6. Induction sensors

    Capacitors
    Capacitor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of a electric charge.

    Unit of Capacitance is Farad (F).

    Functions of Capacitors:-

    1. It opposes the flow of DC through it.


    2. It bypasses AC through it easily.
    3. It stores the electric energy.
    4. It allows the high frequency current through it easily.
    Types of Capacitors:-

    1) Fixed 2) Variable

    Classification of Capacitors:

    Specifications of Capacitors:

    1. Capacitance value
    2. Operating voltage
    3. Temeperature coefficeint
    4. Power factor
    5. Physical size
    6. Dielectric material

    Applications of Capacitors:-

    1. Used to store energy


    2. Used as filter in dc regulated power supply
    3. In tuning circuits to select frequency
    4. In oscillators
    5. In timing circuits
    6. In SMPS
    7. Used in starting of motors
    8. Used as coupling device
    9. Used for bypassing high frequency signals
    ELECTRICAL SIGNALS

    The physical quantity which contains information that varies with time, frequency, space or
    any other independent variable is known as electrical signal.

    Types of Electrical Signals:

    1) Analog Signal 2) Digital Signal

    1) Analog Signal:-
    The electrical signal whose amplitude varies continuously over a specified
    duration of time is called as Analog signal.

    Examples of analog signals are:-

    1) Temperature 2) pressure 3) Power 4) Voltage 5) Current 6) Sound

    Types of analog Signals:

    1. Sinusoidal 2) Square 3) Triangular 4) Ramp

    Waveforms:
    Digital Signal:-

    The signal with discrete values ( i.e. 0 & 1) is called as Digital Signal.

    INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (IC’S)

    An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a


    microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") of semiconductor material
    that is normally silicon.

    Classification of IC’s:-
    Scale/Level of Integration for IC’s:-

    It is the number of electronic components which can be fabricated on a single chip of


    semiconductor material is called as Scale of integration.

    Advantages of IC’s:-

     Extremely small size 


     Very small weight owing to miniaturized circuit
     Very low cost
     More reliable
     Lower power consumption
     Easy replacement
     Increased operating speed
     Greater ability of operating at extreme temperatures

    Disadvantages of IC’s:-

     If any component in an IC fails, the whole IC has to be replaced by a


    new one.
     Limited power rating as it is not possible to manufacture high power
     Need of connecting inductors and transformers externally
     Operation at low voltage as ICs function at fairly low voltage.
     delicate in handling
    Applications of IC’s:-

     Motherboard
     SMPS
     LED TV
     Radio
     Mobiles
     Electronic Gadgets
     Digital Circuits
    Sources of Energy for Electronic Circuit

    The electrical device, which supplies the electrical energy required for the operation of an electronic
    circuit is called as a source.

    Types of Sources:
    1) Voltage Source
    2) Current Source

    Voltage Source:-
    The Source, which supplies electrical energy in the form of voltage, is known as a voltage
    source.

    Types of Voltage source:-


    1) Ideal Voltage Source
    2) Practical Voltage Source

    Ideal Voltage Source:-


    A voltage source, which produces a constant terminal/load voltage which does
    not depend on the value of load resistance, is known as….

    Practical Voltage Source:-


    A voltage source, which consists of an ideal voltage source in series
    with an internal resistance is called as practical voltage source.
    Current Source:-

    The Source, which supplies electrical energy in the form of current, is known as a Current
    source.

    Types of current source:-


    1) Ideal Current Source
    2) Practical Current Source

    Ideal Current Source:-


    A current source, which supplies a constant current to a load even if its
    resistance varies, is known as Ideal Current Source.

    Practical Current Source:-


    A current source, which consists of Ideal current source in parallel with
    internal resistance is known as Practical Current source.

    You might also like