JC2 Physics H2 2018 Yishun

Candidate’s Name ……………………………….…………. CTG ……….…….
YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE

JC 2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2018
PHYSICS 9749/1
th
HIGHER 2 14 September 2018
1 hour
Paper 1 Multiple Choice
Additional Material:
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YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE
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There are thirty questions in this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four
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Read the instructions on the Optical Mark Sheet carefully.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

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Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
This question paper consists of 14 printed pages.

2
Data
speed of light in free space, c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1
permeability of free space, μo = 4π × 10–7 H m–1
permittivity of free space, εo = 8.85 × 10–12 F m–1
(1/(36π)) × 10–9 F m–1
elementary charge, e = 1.60 × 10–19 C
the Planck constant, h = 6.63 × 10–34 J s
unified atomic mass constant, u = 1.66 × 10–27 kg
rest mass of electron, me = 9.11 × 10–31 kg
rest mass of proton, mp = 1.67 × 10–27 kg
molar gas constant, R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1
the Avogadro constant, NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1
the Boltzmann constant, k = 1.38 × 10–23 J K–1
gravitational constant, G = 6.67 × 10–11 N m2 kg–2
acceleration of free fall, g = 9.81 m s–2
Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion, s = ut + 1 at2
2
v2 = u2 + 2as
work done on/by a gas, W = pΔV
hydrostatic pressure, p = ρgh
φ −
Gm
gravitational potential, =
r
temperature, T/K = T/°C + 273.15
1 Nm 2
pressure of an ideal gas, p = C
3 V
mean translational kinetic energy of an ideal gas 3
E = kT
molecule, 2
displacement of particle in s.h.m. x = xo sin ω t
velocity of particle in s.h.m., v = vo cos ω t
= ±ω ( xo2 − x 2 )
electric current, I = Anvq
resistors in series, R = R1 + R2+……….
1 1 1
resistors in parallel, = + + ........
R R1 R 2
Q
electric potential, V =
4πε o r
alternating current/voltage, x = xo sin ω t
μo I
magnetic flux density due to a long straight wire, B =
2π d
μo NI
magnetic flux density due to a flat circular coil, B =
2r
magnetic flux density due to a long solenoid, B = μonI
radioactive decay, x = xo exp(–λt)
ln 2
decay constant, λ = t1
2
9749 / YJC / 2018 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 1

3
1 A student counts the oscillations of a simple pendulum but mistakenly starts by counting
“1” instead of “0” when the bob is released. He finishes at a count of “10”.
What is the percentage error in the student’s calculation of the period, due to this mistake?
A 10% low B 10% high C 11% low D 11% high
2 A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a tower and fall towards the ground below. The
initial velocity of the stone is v.
Assuming that air resistance is negligible, what is the vertical velocity and horizontal
displacement of the ball t seconds after leaving the tower?
Vertical velocity Horizontal displacement

A gt ½ gt2
B v + gt vt + ½ gt2
C gt vt + ½ gt2
D gt vt
3 A ball of mass 0.050 kg, initially moving at 0.40 m s−1, is struck by a racket exerting an
average force of 250 N in the opposite direction for 1.2 ms. What is the final speed of the
ball?
A 5.6 m s−1 B 6.0 m s−1 C 6.4 m s−1 D 12.2 m s−1
4 A sub-atomic particle of mass 0.113 u collides head-on elastically with a stationary

neutron. If the neutron moves off with a speed of 3.8 × 106 m s−1, what is the initial speed
of the sub-atomic particle?
A 1.49 × 107 m s−1 B 1.87 × 107 m s−1
C 3.74 × 107 m s−1 D 4.85 × 107 m s−1

4
5 Four coplanar forces act on a circular disc as shown.
20 N 15 N
25 N 30 N
What is the net force and net torque on the disc?
Net force Net torque
A Zero Non-zero
B Zero Zero
C Non-zero Non-zero
D Non-zero Zero
6 A golfer badly misjudges a hit, sending the ball only one-quarter of the distance to the hole.
The hit gave the ball an initial speed of u, along a straight line on the grass. If the force of
resistance due to the grass is constant, what should be the minimum initial speed needed
to get the ball to the hole from its original position?
¼d
d
A 2u B 3u C 4u D 8u

5
7 A small object of weight mg is released from rest at the rim of a smooth semi-spherical
bowl of radius r. What is the magnitude of the normal force (in terms of mg) acting on the
object when it passes the bottom of the bowl?
x
r
A mg B 2.0 mg C 2.5 mg D 3.0 mg
8 A car travels over a hump of radius r. When it is at the highest point of the hump, the
driver whose safety belt is not secured, becomes weightless for an instant. What is the
speed of the car, in terms of r and g, at this particular instant?
rg rg
A B
2 2
C rg D rg
9 A satellite is at a height h above the surface of the Earth. If the radius of the Earth is r, and
the acceleration due to gravity at the Earth’s surface is g, the period of orbit of the satellite
will be
r+h ( r + h) 2
A 2π B 2π
g gr
r2 ( r + h) 3
C 2π D 2π
g ( r + h) gr 2

6
10 A planet has two moons with identical mass. Moon 1 is in circular orbit of radius r. Moon 2
is in a circular orbit of radius 2r.
Planet Moon 1 Moon 2
2r
Force exerted by planet on Moon 2

What is the ratio of ?
Force exerted by planet on Moon 1
A 4 B 2 C 0.5 D 0.25
11 A flask of volume 3.0 × 10−4 m3 contains nitrogen gas at a pressure of 2.5 × 105 Pa and
temperature of 27 OC.
What is the number of nitrogen molecules in the flask?
A 0.030 B 0.25 C 1.8 × 1022 D 2.0 × 1023
12 Which of the following statements is not a valid assumption of kinetic theory of gases?
A Intermolecular forces between molecules are negligible.
B The molecules experience negligible change in momentum on collision with the

walls of the container.
C The molecules experience negligible change in average kinetic energy on collision

with the walls of the container.
D The duration of a collision is negligible compared with time between collisions.

7
13 Which one of the following statements always applies to a damping force acting on a
vibrating system?
A It is the same direction as the acceleration.
B It is the opposite direction to the velocity.
C It is the same direction as the displacement.
D It is proportional to the displacement.
14 A ball bearing rolls on a concave surface, as shown in the diagram, in approximate simple
harmonic motion. It is released from A and passes through the lowest point B before
reaching C. It then returns through the lowest point D.
At which stage, A, B, C or D, does the ball bearing experience maximum acceleration to

the left?
A C
15 Consider a sound source of power, P, emitting energy uniformly in all directions. A sensitive
microphone at a distance 5.0 m from the sound source detects the intensity of the sound as
3.0 × 10−4 W m−2. The microphone is then moved to 10.0 m from the sound source. In order
to detect sound of intensity that is doubled at this new location, that is, 6.0 × 10−4 W m−2,
the power of the source must be increased to
A 2P B 4P
C 8P D 16P

8
16 A car passes you on the highway and you notice the tail lights of the car are 1.26 m apart.
The car is 14.4 km away when the tail lights appear to merge into a single spot of light.
What is the angular resolution as the lights just appear to merge into a single spot of light?
A 4.73 × 10−3 radians B 8.75 × 10−3 radians
C 4.73 × 10−5 radians D 8.75 × 10−5 radians
17 In a Young’s double-slit experiment, a coherent monochromatic light illuminates the two

slits, producing an interference pattern on a screen some distance away.
Which modification increases the separation between the dark fringes on the screen?
A Increasing the slit separation
B Decreasing distance between the screen and the slits
C Using monochromatic light of higher intensity
D Using monochromatic light of lower frequency
18 An electron, placed at a point P inside a uniform electric field, experiences a force of

magnitude F. The horizontal lines below are equipotential lines and V4 > V1.
a
V1
P
V2
b
V3
V4
Q
The electron is moved from P to Q. What is the work done on the electron?
A −Fb B −Fa
C Fb D Fa

9
19 Two point charges of −Q and +2Q are lined up in a vertical straight line as shown below.
The distance between them is r.
−Q
0.25 r
X
r
+2Q
What is the electric potential energy of a point charge +3Q when it is placed at position X, a
distance 0.25 r from –Q?
5Q 2 Q2
A πε 0r B πε 0r
5Q 2 Q2
− −
C πε 0r D πε 0r
20 A battery, with an e.m.f E and internal resistance r, is connected to a switch S and two
identical resistors in series. Each resistor has resistance R.
S
R R
Which of the following statements is correct when the switch S is closed?
E2
A The rate at which energy is dissipated across R is .
4R
E 2r
B The rate at which energy is dissipated across R is .
2R + r
E 2r
C The rate at which energy is dissipated across r is .
( 2R + r )
2
D It is impossible to determine the rate at which energy is dissipated across R.

10
21 Wire X has resistivity ρ. Another wire Y, of the same resistance as X, has triple the length
and double the diameter of wire X.
The resistivity of wire Y is
4ρ
A 3
3ρ
B 4
3ρ
C 2
2ρ
D 3
22 With 4 resistors, each having a resistance of 12 Ω, it is impossible to arrange all 4

resistors to have an effective resistance of
A 9.0 Ω
B 12 Ω
C 20 Ω
D 24 Ω
23 In a typical potentiometer circuit as shown below, the balance length lXZ is NOT increased
by
driver cell
lXZ
X Y
Z
A B
secondary cell
A decreasing the e.m.f. of the driver cell.
B increasing the e.m.f. of the secondary cell.
C adding a fixed resistor in series with the driver cell.
D adding a fixed resistor in series with the secondary cell.

11
24 A wire has diameter 0.35 mm and the number density of charge carriers is 7.8 × 1028 m−3.
The current in the wire is 0.15 A.
What is the drift velocity of the charge carriers?
A 1.2 × 10−18 m s−1
B 3.1 × 10−11 m s−1
C 3.1 × 10−5 m s−1
D 1.2 × 10−4 m s−1
25 Two flat circular coils, X and Y, each with 100 turns, are arranged as shown in the diagram.
X has radius 0.120 m and carries a current of 1.5 A in the anti-clockwise direction, Y has
radius 0.180 m and carries a current of 1.0 A in the clockwise direction. Both coils are
arranged such that their centres coincide.
Y X
What is the magnitude and direction of the total magnetic flux density at the centre of the
coils?
A 347 μo into the page
B 347 μo out of the page
C 905 μo into the page
D 905 μo out of the page

12
26 The figure below shows three parallel wires X, Y and Z which carry currents I of equal
magnitude in the directions shown.
The resultant force experienced by X due to the currents in Y and Z is
A zero.
B away from Y
C towards Y.
D along Y.
27 A metal rod XY is moving to the right on a metal rail, perpendicular to a magnetic field as
shown below.
Metal rail
Magnetic field
directed into the
plane of paper
Which of the following correctly describes the magnetic force acting on the rod and the
potential of the rod?
Magnetic force on rod Potential of rod
A directed to the left X is higher than Y
B directed to the right X is higher than Y
C directed to the left Y is higher than X
D directed to the right Y is higher than X

13
28 A sinusoidal potential difference with peak voltage Vo is applied across a resistor R and
produces heat at a mean rate W. What is the mean rate of heat produced when another
potential difference with the same peak voltage, as shown below, is applied across the same
resistor?
V2
Vo
0 time
T
A W
B 2W
C 2W
D 4W
29 The transition of electrons between three consecutive energy levels in a particular atom
gives rise to three spectral lines. The shortest and longest wavelengths of those spectral
lines are λ1 and λ2 respectively. The wavelength of the other spectral line is
  λ1 – λ2  
A B C D ( − )−1
   

14
30 The graph below shows how the natural logarithm of the activity A of a radioactive isotope
varies with time t. What is the half-life of the isotope?
ln (A/Bq)
5
0
400 t/s
A 200 s B 55 s C 24 s D 0.42 s
--- End of paper ---

15
S/N Answer Explanation

1 A Let t be the timing displayed on the students’ stopwatch.
True period = t ÷ 9
Mistaken period = t ÷ 10
Absolute error = (t ÷ 9) − (t ÷ 10) = t / 90
Percentage error = (Absolute error ÷ True period) × 100%
= [ (t / 90) ÷ (t ÷ 9) ] × 100%
= 10 %
The mistaken period is smaller than the true period. Thus the error is
“low”.
2 D vy = 0, ax = 0, ay = g
3 A From N2L, <F> = Δmv ÷ Δt
 250 = 0.050v – [–0.050(0.40)] ÷ (1.2 × 10−3)
 v = 5.6 m s−1
4 B Conservation of Linear Momentum:
0.113u1 + 0 = 0.113v1 + 1(3.8 × 106)
Elastic:
u1 − 0 = 3.8 × 106 − v1
Thus, u1 = 1.87× 107 m s−1
5 D From the diagram, it is obvious that the net force is not zero (all forces
are pointing upwards or have a vertical component pointing upwards)
Taking the centre of the disc as a pivot, the sum of anti-clockwise
moments = (15 + 30)r, where r is the radius of the disc.
This expression is equal to the sum of clockwise moments = (20 + 25)r.
6 A Net work done = change in KE
First hit:
− Ff (1/4 d) = 0 – ½ m u2 --- (1)
Second hit:
− Ff (d) = 0 – ½ m u1 2 --- (2)
Thus, (2) / (1)  4 = u1 2 / u2

 u1 = 2 u
7 D By C.O.M.E.,
Gain in KE = Loss in GPE
Thus, ½ m v2 = mgr
16
mv2/r = 2.0 mg --- (1)
For circular motion, ΣF = mv2/r

Thus, N – mg = 2.0 mg
N = 3.0 mg
8 C For circular motion, ΣF = mv2/r
mg – N = mv2/r
mg = mv2/r [weightless N = 0]
v = √(rg)
9 D Kepler’s Third Law:
General expression is T2 = (4π2 / GM) r3
Using symbols in this question, we have T2 = (4π2 / GM) (r + h)3

But, g = GM / r2
Thus, T2 = (4π2 / g r2 ) (r + h)3
10 D When separation r is doubled, force F decreases by 4 times.
11 C pV = NkT
N = pV / kT = (2.5 × 105) (3.0 × 10−4) / [1.38 x 10-23 x (273.15 + 27)] =
1.8 x 1022
12 B
13 B Damping force opposes motion
14 C Maximum displacement and always directed towards the centre.
15 C I = P/ A so with twice the I and twice the r(which makes 4 times of A), P
has to increase 8 folds.
16 D
θ s
r
s rθ
1.26 14.4 x103 θ
θ 8.75 × 10−5 radians
17 D x = λD / a
- lower f, longer λ
18 C Imagine there are parallel plates, bottom plate will be higher potential,
thus the force on the electron is directed vertically downwards.

17
19 D 3Q ( 2Q ) 3Q ( −Q )
Total Electric potential energy = +
 3r  r 
4πε 0   4πε 0  
 4 4
Q2
= −
πε 0r
current across r is    E 2
20 C E
2 R +r  . Hence P =  2R + r  r
   
21 A ρxlx ρ y ( 3l x )
=
Ax 4 AX
4
ρy = ρx
3
22 D
20 Ω 9Ω
12 Ω
23 D At null deflection, no current flows through secondary cell, hence no

effect if you placed resistor in series with it.
24 D Using I = nAvq
V = 0.15 / [7.8 x 1028 x (0.35 x 10-3 / 2)2 π x 1.6 x 10-19] = 1.2 x 10-4 m s-1
25 B For X, B = (100)(1.5) μo / (2)(0.120) = 625 μo out of the plane.
For Y, B = (100)(1.0) μo / (2)(0.180) ≈ 278 μo into the plane.
Therefore, resultant B = 625 μo – 278 μo = 347 μo out of the plane.
26 C Attraction towards Y and Z.

27 A By Fleming’s RHR, induced current flow from Y to X in the rod, hence X
is of higher potential.

18
Induced current will cause an opposing effect to the change and thus the
magnetic force will be directed to the left.
28 A 2
 V0 
Vrms 2   V2
=
2
For sinusoidal input, Mean Power, W = = 0
R R 2R
2
 V0 
Vrms 2   V2
=
2
Mean power for square wave, PB = = 0 =W
R R 2R
29 D For the spectral line with shortest wavelength, the energy
difference between the involved levels = , which is the largest


For the spectral line with longest wavelength, the energy difference
between the involved levels = , which is the smallest


Thus, the energy difference between levels for the third spectral
line = −
 
Let the wavelength of this third spectral line be λ3. Thus, the energy
difference can also be expressed as .


We then have = −
  
30 B Given A = Ao exp (−λt),

then, ln A = ln Ao −λt
Thus, the gradient = −λ

 5/400 = −λ = ln 2 / t1/2
 t1/2 = 55 s

Candidate’s Name ……………………………….…………. CTG ……….…….

JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2018
PHYSICS 9749/2
th
HIGHER 2 28 August 2018
2 hours
Paper 2 Structured Questions
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

For Examiner’s Use
Write your name and CTG in the spaces provided on this
cover page. Paper 2 (30.0%)
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or 1 /3
rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or
2 /7
correction fluid. 3 /10
Answer all questions. 4 /15
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question 5 /10
paper.
For numerical answers, all working should be shown 6 /15
clearly.
7 /20
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of Penalty
each question or part question.
Total
/ 80
Data
2

(1/(36π)) × 10–9 F m–1
Formulae
1 2
uniformly accelerated motion, s = ut + at
2
v2 = u2 + 2as
work done on/by a gas, W = pΔ V
φ −
Gm
r
1 Nm 2
pressure of an ideal gas, p = C
3 V
3
mean translational kinetic energy of an ideal gas molecule, E = kT
2
= ±ω ( x o2 − x 2 )
1 1 1
R R1 R2
Q
4πε o r
μo I
2π d
μ o NI
2r
ln 2
2

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1 Archimedes’ number, Ar, is dimensionless (unitless) and is used in the study of objects in
fluids. The number is given by the following expression
whereby g is the acceleration due to gravity, L is the characteristic length of the object, ρl is
the density of the fluid, ρ is the density of the object and μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid.
Determine the units of μ..
units of μ.= ……………………... [3]

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2 (a) Explain what is meant by the following terms when used in the context of forces.
(i) Centre of gravity

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii) Friction
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a man performing a bungee jump.
Fig. 2.1
He falls 42 m before the elastic rope secured to him starts to exert some force on him.
The force-extension graph for this rope is shown in Fig. 2.2.

[Turn over
5
Fig. 2.2
The total distance the man falls before he stops for the first time is 78 m.
(i) Deduce
1. the extension of the rope when the man stops for the first time, and
extension = ……………………. m [1]
2. the elastic potential energy stored in the rope at this time.
elastic potential energy = ……………………. J [2]

(ii) Show that the man has a mass of approximately 90 kg.
[2]

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3 (a) A cylinder of fixed volume contains some nitrogen gas at a pressure of 2.1 × 105 Pa.
The gas has a density 1.5 kg m−3 and the molar mass of nitrogen is 14 g, calculate
(i) the root-mean-square speed of the nitrogen molecules,
root-mean-square speed = …………………….m s−1 [2]
(ii) the temperature of the nitrogen gas in the cylinder.
temperature = …………………….K [2]
(iii) Using kinetic theory of gases, state and explain what will happen to the
pressure of the nitrogen gas when the temperature of the gas is increased.
………………………………………………………………………..……….…
……………………………………………………………………….…..………
……………………………………………………………………………...……
……………………………………………………………………………...……
……………………………………………………………………………...……
……………………………………………………………………………...…… [3]

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(b) A refrigerator door is opened and room temperature air (25 oC) filled the 1.5 m3
compartment of the refrigerator. A 2.0 kg chicken, also at room temperature, is placed
in the refrigerator and the door is closed.
If the power rating of the refrigerator is 200 W, with an efficiency of 0.80, calculate
the time required to cool the chicken and air in the refrigerator to thermal equilibrium
at a temperature of 4.0oC.
(Density of air = 1.25 kg m−3, specific heat capacity of air = 1.02 × 103 J kg−1 K−1,
specific heat capacity of chicken = 3.48 × 103 J kg−1 K−1)
time required = …………………….s [3]

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4 A rod is attached vertically to a horizontal turntable at point P, 0.080 m from the centre Q,
as shown in Fig. 4.1.
P
0.080 m
Q P
Q
view from above
Fig. 4.1
(a) The turntable rotates around Q at 45 rotations per minute. Calculate
(i) the angular velocity of the rod,
angular velocity of rod = ...............................rad s−1 [2]
(ii) the acceleration of the rod and state its direction.
acceleration of rod = ...............................m s−2 [2]

direction of acceleration= ........................................ [1]
(b) When the rod is illuminated from the side, its shadow on a screen oscillates.
shadow of rod on
P the screen
light 0.080 m
x = 0.0 m
Q
view from above

screen
Fig. 4.2
[Turn over
9
The displacement x in metres of the centre of the shadow from the centre of
oscillation and the acceleration a of the shadow may be written
x = A sin( t)
where t is time in seconds, A is the amplitude of oscillation and is the angular
velocity of the rod.
(i) Using the values given in (a),
1. calculate the period of oscillation of the shadow, and
period of oscillation = .......................... s [1]

2. derive an expression for the acceleration of the shadow in terms of t.
expression for acceleration = ................................... [2]
(ii) Determine the acceleration of the shadow at t = 0.20 s.
acceleration =...................................m s−2 [2]
(iii) In Fig. 4.3, sketch the variation of acceleration of the oscillation with time
for at least two cycles. Label the necessary values.
a / m s−2
t/s
[3]
Fig. 4.3

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10
(iv) Fig. 4.4 shows a second rod, which is now attached vertically to the
turntable at point R, 0.060 m from centre Q, such that angle PQR is a
right angle.
P
light 0.080 m
Q x =0
0.060 m R
view from above

screen
Fig. 4.4
If the expression for displacement of the shadow of the first rod at P in

(b) is A sin( t), derive an expression for displacement of the shadow of
the second rod at R with the necessary values of its amplitude and .
expression for displacement = ................................... [2]

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11
5 (a) The graph Fig. 5.1 shows how the resistance, RR, of a metal resistor and the
resistance, RTh, of a thermistor change with temperature.
resistance /Ω
200
150 resistor
100
50
thermistor
0
0 100 200 300
temperature /°C
Fig. 5.1
(i) State the values of the resistance RR and RTh at a temperature of 105 °C.
RR = ...............................Ω [1]
RTh= ...............................Ω [1]

(ii) The resistor and thermistor are connected in series to a 12 V battery of
negligible internal resistance, as shown in Fig. 5.2.
12 V X
Fig. 5.2
Calculate the potential difference across XY at 105 °C.
potential difference across XY = .......................... V [2]

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12
(iii) Assuming that the temperature of the resistor always equals the temperature
of the thermistor, deduce the temperature, without any further calculations
when the potential difference across the resistor is 6.0 V. Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………..…….……
……………………………………………………………………….…..………
……………………………………………………………………………...…… [2]
(b) Fig. 5.3 shows a potentiometer, made from uniform resistance wire AB of length l and
resistance R, connected in series with an e.m.f. source E.
It is used to change the potential difference across an appliance of resistance S.
E
x
R
A B
Appliance with
resistance S
Fig. 5.3
(i) Derive an expression of the potential difference across the appliance as a

function of the distance x of the sliding contact from the end A of the resistance
wire in terms of E, x and l . Explain your working clearly.
expression of potential difference = ................................. [2]

[Turn over
13
(ii) Hence or otherwise, calculate the current through the appliance when
E = 5.0 V, x = 20.0 cm, l = 1.00 m and S = 10.0 Ω.
current through appliance = ........................... A [1]
(iii) The appliance is removed and replaced with a cell of unknown e.m.f. ε and a
galvanometer is connected in series with the cell, as shown in Fig. 5.4.
45.0 cm
R
A B
Fig. 5.4
The galvanometer shows null deflection when the sliding contact is at the
45.0 cm mark. Calculate ε, using the values of E and l given in (b)(ii).
ε = ........................... V [1]

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14
6 (a) State what is meant by the photoelectric effect.
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………………………….... [2]
(b) Light shines on a metal surface which is part of the circuit shown in Fig. 6.1 below. The
wavelength of the light is shorter than the threshold wavelength, λm of the metal.
Fig. 6.1
Fig. 6.2 below shows the variation of ammeter reading with voltmeter reading.
Ammeter reading
0
Voltmeter reading
Fig. 6.2
(i) The incident light has now a longer wavelength but the same intensity as the
earlier light. This new wavelength is also shorter than λm. Sketch, on Fig. 6.2, the
new graph.
[2]

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15
(ii) At constant frequency of incident light, use quantum theory to explain why
1. photocurrent is proportional to intensity of the light, and
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
2. there is hardly any delay in time between irradiation of the metal surface
and emission of electrons from the metal surface.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(c) Fig. 6.3 shows the experimental set-up for an electron diffraction experiment.
Hot filament
Rings
Fig. 6.3
Bright rings appear on the curved screen.
When V was 625 V, it was found that first off-centre maxima (ring) occurred at θ = 9.96°.
The diffraction of the electron beam is in accordance to the following expression

2d sin θ = n λdB
whereby d is the inter-atomic distance in the target, n the order number and λdB the de
Broglie wavelength of an electron in the beam.

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16
(i) Determine the values of
1. λdB , and
λdB = ………………………… m [2]
2. d.
d = ………………………… m [2]
(ii) State and explain what happens to the rings when the value of V is decreased.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………….. [4]

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17
7 Bridges, a type of structure commonly found in daily life, are often built to span over
physical obstacles such as a body of water or a valley, for the purpose of providing passage
over the obstacles.
Designs of bridges depend mainly on the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain
where the bridge is constructed and anchored, the material used to make it, and the funds
available to build it. Common types of bridges are beam, truss, cantilever and suspension
bridges. A beam bridge, support by pillars at its both ends, span across a stream, is
illustrated in Fig. 7.1.
Fig. 7.1
The traditional building materials for bridges are stones, wood and steel, and more recently
reinforced and pre-stressed concrete. These materials have different qualities of strength,
workability, durability and resistance against corrosion. They differ also in their structure,
texture and colour. For bridges, one should use a material which results in the best bridge
in terms of shape, technical quality, functionality, economics and compatibility with the
environment.
(a) Bridges bend when vehicles or pedestrians cross them. Hence, it is important to
ensure that bridges do not bend too much when they are loaded.
Fig. 7.2 shows a simple model of a beam bridge built to investigate how the deflection
of a wooden beam varies with the amount of load applied to the beam. The beam of
length L, is supported on its two ends. A load of weight W is hung from the center of
the beam. The deflection d is measured for the different loads and length of beams.
A series of graphs are plotted as shown in Fig. 7.3.
Fig. 7.2

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18
W/N
Fig. 7.3
The relation between d and L is thought to follow the expression
d = k Ln
where k and n are constant.

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19
(i) A load of 3 N is applied to the different length of beams. [3]
Complete Fig. 7.4.
L / cm d / cm log (L /cm) log (d /cm)

30 0.40 1.48 -0.40
35
40 0.90 1.60 -0.046
45
50 1.70 1.70 0.230
55 2.30 1.74 0.362
60 3.00 1.78 0.477
65
70 4.80 1.85 0.681
75 6.00 1.88 0.778
Fig. 7.4
(ii) Plot a graph of log (d / cm) against log (L / cm) in Fig. 7.5. [3]
Fig. 7.5
(iii) Using Fig. 7.5, determine the value of k. The unit of k is not required.
k = ……………………….. [2]

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20
(b) A beam bridge supported at both of its ends might also sag under its own weight.
Hence the stiffness of the materials used to build the bridges is important. A physical
quantity, Young’s modulus, Y, also known as elastic modulus, is a measure of
stiffness of material. It is the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain exerted on the
material, i.e.
Y = Tensile stress / Tensile strain
To measure the Young’s modulus of the wooden beam in Fig. 7.2, forces F of same
magnitude but opposite direction is applied on both ends of a wooden beam of length
Lo = 1.000 m and cross-sectional area A of 5.0 × 10–5 m2 as shown in Fig. 7.6. Under
tension forces, the beam will elongate. Its extension in length is denoted as ∆L.
The tensile stress of the wooden beam is the ratio of the force F to the cross-sectional
area A. While the tensile strain of the wooden beam is the ratio of the extension of
length ∆L to the original length L.
Tensile stress = F / A
Tensile strain = ∆L / L
F F
Fig. 7.6
Fig. 7.7 shows the forces applied to the beam and the respective extension of the
beam.
F/N ∆L / mm
1.0 0.018
2.0 0.032
3.0 0.060
4.0 0.072
5.0 0.092
6.0 0.112
Fig. 7.7

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21
(i) Plot a graph of force F against extension ∆L in Fig. 7.8. [3]
Fig. 7.8
(ii) From Fig. 7.8, determine the gradient of the graph.
gradient = ……………………….. [2]
(iii) Hence or otherwise, determine the Young’s Modulus, Y, of the wooden

beam.
Y = ………………………..N mm−2 [2]

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22
(iv) A structural engineer wants to use a stiffer material instead of wood to

construct a beam bridge.
1. Suggest a material which is stiffer than wood and can be used to
construct a beam bridge.
……………………………………………………………………………... [1]
2. In Fig. 7.8, sketch the force against extension graph of a beam made
of a stiffer material than wood. Label the graph S. Explain your answer.
……………………………………………………………………….….……
…………………………………………………………………….…..………
…………………………………………………………………………...…… [2]
(c) The loading of the beam is often non-uniform along its length, as shown in Fig. 7.9.
This means that the moments of forces have to be considered.
0.80 m
0.35 m
0.20 m
1.5 N 5.0 N 2.0 N
Fig. 7.9
Calculate the total moment of the forces acting on the beam about point X in
Fig. 7.9. You may assume that the weight of the beam is negligible.
moment = ………………………..N m [2]
--- End of paper ---

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23
Suggested Solutions
From the given equation,

1 1
μ 2 = gL3 ρl (ρ – ρl) / Ar
[ μ 2 ] = (m s−2) (m)3 (kg m−3) (kg m−3) 1
Thus [ μ ] = kg m−1 s−1 1
2 (a) The point of a body through which the entire weight of the body appears to act. 1
(i)
(ii) The force between two surfaces that opposes relative motion between them. 1
2 (b) 1
(i) 1. x = 78 – 42 = 36 m
2. EPE = ½ Fx = ½ (3800)(36) 1
= 68400 J 1
(b) (ii) GPE lost = EPE gained or a statement to the same effect
1
Mgh = 68400
M = 68400 / (9.81 × 78) = 89.4 kg

1
≈ 90 kg

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24
3 (a) (i) pV = (1/3) N m<c2> where ρ= Nm/v
p = 1/3 ρ <c2>
(<c2>)0.5 = [(3 × 2.1 × 105) / 1.5]0.5 1
= 648 (650) m s-1 1
(ii) ½ m <c2> = 3/2 kT , m = Mr / NA
T = (m <c2> ) / 3k
= [(14 ×10-3) / (6.02 × 1023)] * (6482) / (3 × 1.38 × 10-23) 1
= 236 (240) K 1
(iii) When the temperature of the gas is increased, the frequency of collisions 1
on the wall will increase and the root-mean-square speed of the
molecules will increase.
The gas molecules exert a greater force on the walls of the container due 1
to greater change in momentum.
Hence pressure will increase.

1
(b) Energy to be removed by refrigerator = energy loss by chicken + air
Q = 2.0 × 3.48 × 103 (25 – 4.0) + 1.25 ×1.50 × (1.02 × 103) × (25 – 4.0) 1
= 1.86 × 105 J 1
Qsup = (1.86 x 105) / 0.80
t = Qsup / P = 1160 (1200) s 1

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25
4 (a) (i) 45 2
=
60 1
= 4.71 1
(ii) a = rω2 = (0.08)(4.712389)2 1

= 1.78 m s−2 1
towards the centre 1
(b) (i) 1. Period = 2π/T = 1.33 s 1
2. Differentiation twice from x = A sin (ωt) 1

OR
a = - ω2 x = - ω2 A sin (ωt)
input values :a =- 0.080 x22.2 sin (4.71t) = -1.7765 sin (4.71t)
= -1.78 sin (4.71t) 1
(ii) a = -1.78 sin (4.71x 0.20) = 1.44 m s-2 1

1
(iii)
a / m s−2
1.78
1.33 2.66 t/s
• two cycles [1] 1

• period labelled 1
• max a labelled.
1
(iv) 0.060 cos 4.71t 1

Cosine expression [1] allow sin ( 4.71 t - π/2) 1
Correct values [1]

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26
5 (a) (i) RR = 105Ω 1

RTh = 50 Ω 1
(ii) = × 12 = 3.87 V 1
1
(iii) The p.d across resistor and thermistor is equal so this implies that the 1
resistance across each component is equal.
Hence the temperature is 50 °C
1
(b) (i) p.d across length x = E 1
Since the appliance is parallel to length of x, p.d is the same. Thus

1
p.d across the appliance is x = E
6 (a) (Ii) p.d across appliance = 20 / 100 x 5.0 = 1.0 V 1

current = 1/10.0 = 0.10 A
ε = 45.0 / 100 x 5.0 = 2.25 V
(iii) 1

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27
6 (a) The emission of electrons from the surface of a metal when EM radiation [1]
of high enough frequency [1]
is incident on the surface.
(b)
(i)
Ammeter
reading Larger saturation current [1], smaller Vs [1]
Voltmeter
reading
(b) (ii) 1. Increasing the intensity while keeping frequency constant increases
the number of photons arriving per unit time. [1]
Thus, the number of electrons emitted per unit time increases.

Hence current increases proportionately. [1]
(b) (ii) 2. Photons travel at the speed of light. As soon as a photon collides
with an electron, its energy is immediately (and fully) imparted to
it. [1]
(c) (i)
1. Using gain in KE = loss in EPE, we have
½ m v2 = e V
 v = √(2eV / m)
= √(2e × 625 / 9.11×10−31 )
= 1.4817 ×107 [1]
Since λdB = h / (mv)

we have
λdB = 6.63 ×10−34 / (9.11×10−31 × 1.4817 ×107) = 4.9117 ×10−11 m [1]
(c) (i)
2. From the given formula,
d = 1 × 4.9117×10−11 ÷ ( 2 × sin 9.96° ) [1]
= 1.42 ×10−10 m [1]
(c) (ii) Rings become larger. [1]
P.d. decreases → KE / speed of incident electrons on film decreases [1]

[Turn over
28
→ de Broglie wavelength increases [1]
→ diffraction angle, θ increases [1]
7 (a) (i) 3
L / cm d / cm log (L /cm) log (d /cm)

30 0.40 1.48 -0.40
35 0.60 1.54 -0.22
40 0.90 1.60 -0.046
45 1.30 1.65 0.114
50 1.70 1.70 0.230
55 2.30 1.74 0.362
60 3.00 1.78 0.477
65 3.80 1.81 0.580
70 4.80 1.85 0.681
75 6.00 1.88 0.778
(ii) 3
log d vs log L
1
0.8 y = 2.9308x - 4.7356

R² = 0.9995
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
1 mark for correct labelling of axis with units
1 mark for plotting of all points
1 mark for best fit line
(iii) Need to calculate gradient first and use substitution method to find y- 1
intercept.
1
Values of gradient in the range of 3.0
log k is the y-intercept which is -4.74.
k = 1.8 x 10-5

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29
(b) (i) 3
Force (N) against extension (mm)

7
y = 52.479x + 0.1239
6
R² = 0.9926
5
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
1 mark for correct labelling of axis with units
1 mark for plotting of all points
1 mark for best fit line
(ii) Gradient = ∆y / ∆x 1
= 52.5 (within 10% tolerance) 1
(iii) Y = (F/ ∆L) (L / A)
= 52.5 [1x103 / (5.0 x 10-5)x106] 1
= 1.05 (1.1) x 103 N mm-2 1
(iv) 1. Steel / concrete/ stone/brick (reject glass, iron –rust, aluminum, 1

plastic, metal-state the type?)
1
2. Since material is stiffer than wood, its Y should be greater than that of
wood. The graph should have a gradient steeper than that of the wood.
Correct graph of steeper gradient (take note of y-intercept of graph, 1

should approach origin)
(c) Moment about X = 0.20 (2.0) + 0.35 (5.0) + 0.80(1.5) 1
= 3.35 (3.4) N m 1

[Turn over
Candidate’s Name ……………………………………….( ) CTG ……….

JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2018
PHYSICS 9749/3
th
HIGHER 2 12 September 2018
2 hours
Paper 3 Longer Structured Questions
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTION FIRST

For Examiner’s Use
Write your name and CTG in the spaces provided on this Paper 3 (35.0 %)
cover page. Section A
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough
1 /8
working. 2 /7
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or
correction fluid. 3 /10
Section A 4 /10
Answer all questions.
5 /5
Section B
Answer one question only. 6 /15
7 /5
You are advised to spend one and half hours on Section A
and half an hour on Section B. Section B
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question 8 /20

paper.
For numerical answers, all working should be shown clearly.
9 /20
Penalty
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of
each question or part question.
Total /80

2
Data
(1/(36π)) × 10–9 F m–1
Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion, s = ut + 1 at2
2
v2 = u2 + 2as
work done on/by a gas, W = p ΔV
φ −
Gm
r
1 Nm
pressure of an ideal gas, p = C2
3 V
mean translational kinetic energy of an ideal gas 3
E = kT
molecule, 2
= ± ω ( x o2 − x 2 )
1 1 1
R R1 R 2
Q
4πε o r
μo I
2π d
μo NI
2r
ln 2
2
9749/YJC/2018/ JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

3
Section A
Answer all the questions in this Section in the spaces provided.
1 A vehicle travels from one traffic junction to another. Its acceleration-time (a-t) graph is shown in
Fig. 1.1.
a / m s−2
0.45
200 219
t/s
21 64 86
Fig. 1.1
(a) Use Fig. 1.1 to determine the average acceleration of the vehicle over the first 200 s.
average acceleration = ……………………. m s−2 [2]
(b) Given that the velocity of the vehicle is 0 m s−1 at t = 0 s and t = 219 s, determine
(i) the magnitude of its maximum velocity, and
magnitude of maximum velocity = ……………………. m s−1 [2]

4
(ii) sketch its corresponding velocity-time (v-t) graph from t = 0 s to t = 219 s in Fig 1.2.
[4]
v / m s−1
t/s
Fig. 1.2

5
2 Fig. 2.1 shows two men, both with the same mass m, weighing themselves using identical
weighing scales, at two different locations on the surface of the Earth. Both scales are in good
working condition. Man P weighs himself at the North pole and has a reading of 589.2 N
whereas man E weighs himself at the equator and has a reading of 587.4 N. The rotational
acceleration of the Earth about an axis through its poles is given as ac.
ac
P
Weighing scale
Equator
E
E
Fig. 2.1 Fig. 2.2
(a) Fig. 2.2 shows an enlarged diagram of man E and his weighing scale. On Fig. 2.2, sketch
and label all the forces acting on man E.
[2]
(b) Hence, or otherwise, explain why the scale readings at P and E are not the same.
…………………………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………………………............
…………………………………………………………………………………………............ [3]
(c) Given that m = 60 kg, deduce ac.
ac= ……………………. m s−2 [2]

6
3 (a) Define gravitational potential at a point.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(b) Fig. 3.1 shows three equipotential surface centred about the Earth, each with its value
indicated.
− 42 MJ kg−1
− 52 MJ kg−1
Earth
Edge of Earth’s
atmosphere
− 62 MJ kg−1
Fig. 3.1
(i) Explain why
1. the spacing between equipotential surfaces are not the same,
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
2. the values of equipotential is negative.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

7
(ii) The potential at the Moon’s orbit around the Earth is −1.0 MJ kg−1.
If a spacecraft uses only the gravitational attraction of the Earth to travel from the
Moon to the top of the Earth’s atmosphere, determine its arrival speed.
arrival speed = ………………….. m s−1 [3]
(iii) The gravitational potential at the edge of the Earth’s atmosphere is − 61.6 MJ kg−1.
If the radius of the Earth is 6371 km and its mass is 5.97 × 1024 kg , determine the
height of this edge of the atmosphere from the Earth’s surface.
height = …………………. m [3]

8
4 (a) State the first law of thermodynamics.
………………………………………………………………………..…….……………….
……………………………………………………………………….…..………………….
……………………………………………………………………………...………………. [1]
(b) A diesel engine containing an ideal gas at a pressure of 1.0 × 105 Pa, temperature of
300 K and volume of 10 × 10−4 m3 undergoes a cyclic process in the sequence as
follows:
A the gas is compressed adiabatically (i.e. no net heat transfer) to a pressure of
16 ×105 Pa, temperature of 660 K and volume of 1.4 × 10−4 m3
B the gas is expanded at constant pressure to a volume of 6.0 × 10−4 m3

C the gas continued to expand adiabatically to a pressure of 7.8 × 105 Pa to its
original volume
D the gas is cooled at constant volume to its original temperature and pressure
(i) Illustrate these changes on the p-V diagram in Fig. 4.1.
Pressure p / 105 Pa
Volume V / 10−4 m3
Fig. 4.1 [4]

9
(ii) Fig. 4.2 shows the changes in internal energy, heat supplied and work done on
gas during the cyclic process. Complete Fig. 4.2.
Heat supplied Work done on Increase in

to gas / J gas / J internal energy
of gas / J
A 0 300 300
B 2580
C 0 −440 −440
D −1700
[3]
Fig 4.2
(iii) Assuming that the efficiency of the diesel engine is defined as ratio of net work
done by the gas in the whole cycle to heat supplied to gas during process B,
calculate the efficiency of this engine.
efficiency of engine = ……………………. [2]

10
5 (a) Two point charges of −6.0 μC and +6.0 μC are arranged at points A and B respectively as shown
in Fig. 5.1.
−6.0 μC 0.20 m +6.0 μC

A B
0.20 m
0.20 m
Fig. 5.1
Indicate clearly on Fig. 5.1 the directions of
(i) the electric field at X due to charge at A (label it EA ), [1]
(ii) the electric field at X due to charge at B (label it EB ), and [1]
(iii) the resultant (net) electric field at X due to both charges (label it ER ). [1]
(b) Determine the magnitude of the resultant electric field at X.
electric field strength = ................................. N C−1 [2]

11
6 Fig. 6.1 shows the main components of a mass spectrometer which are an ion chamber and a
velocity selector. The positive ions emerging from the ion chamber, pass through the velocity
selector consisting of regions R and S. A uniform electric field and a uniform magnetic field
(indicated by the shaded area) are applied in region R. While only a uniform magnetic field
(indicated by the shaded area) is applied in region S.
Fig. 6.1
(a) Draw the electric field lines between the plates in the region R of the velocity selector in [2]
Fig.6.1.
(b) Suggest the purpose of the two slits.
………………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………………….................... [1]
(c) In the regions R and S, uniform magnetic fields are applied so that the beam of positive
ions is undeflected in R and deflected into a circular path in S.
(i) State the direction of the magnetic fields in regions R and S.
region R = ...................................................... [1]
region S = ...................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why positive ions passing through the second slit have the same velocity

12
regardless of their mass.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3]
(iii) State and explain what happens to the ions that move slower than the ones that
pass through the second slit.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
(d) A student sets up the apparatus shown in Fig. 6.2(a) and (b) to determine the acceleration of
a cart down a ramp. Fig. 6.2(a) shows the set−up from the front view and Fig. 6.2(b) shows
the side view of the set−up.

13
As the cart passes the coils which are suspended, an e.m.f. is induced in each coil. The
outputs of the coils are monitored using the voltage sensors connected to a datalogger and
computer. The voltage sensors, datalogger and computer are not drawn Fig. 6.2(a) and Fig.
6.2(b). Fig. 6.3 shows the computer printouts after one test.
to data
capture
to data 120−turn 0.050 m input 1 magnet
capture coils
magnet N S input 2 0.050 m cart
cart 120−
turn 0.25 m
ramp coil ramp
ramp
Fig. 6.2(b)
Fig. 6.2(a)
data capture input 1
B C
data capture input 2
one small division = 0.010 s

data capture starts
Fig. 6.3
Explain why

14
(i) e.m.f. is induced in both coils.
………………………………………………………………………………………...........
………………………………………………………………………………………........... [1]
(ii) pulse B is in the opposite direction to pulse A,
………………………………………………………………………………………...........
………………………………………………………………………………………...........
………………………………………………………………………………………...........
………………………………………………………………………………………........... [2]
(iii) the amplitude of pulse C is larger than pulse A.
………………………………………………………………………………………...........
………………………………………………………………………………………...........
………………………………………………………………………………………...........
………………………………………………………………………………………........... [2]

15
7 (a) Domestic users in the United Kingdom are supplied with mains electricity at a root-mean-
square voltage (r.m.s.) of 230V.
(i) State what is meant by root-mean-square voltage.
………………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………………….................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the peak power dissipated in a lamp connected to the mains supply
when the r.m.s. current is 0.26 A.
peak power =..................................... W [2]
(b) Another alternating voltage is shown in Fig. 7.1.
V/V
15.0
10.0
5.0
t/s
0.0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
-5.0
-10.0
Fig. 7.1
Determine the root-mean-square voltage.
root-mean-square voltage = ...............................V [2]

16
Section B
Answer one question from this Section in the spaces provided.
8 (a) To determine the speed of sound, a student facing a brick wall claps her hands at point P,
which is a measured distance, d, from the brick wall, as shown in Fig. 8.1(a). A microphone
at P is connected to a timing device, arranged so as to record the time, t, between the
original clap and its echo. The experiment is carried out for three distances d, and the
results are plotted as shown in Fig.8.1(b).
t /ms
200
brick wall X
150
X
d 100
X
50
P
0
0 10 20 30 d/ m
Fig. 8.1(a)
Fig. 8.1(b)
Determine a value for the speed of sound. Explain your working.
speed of sound = ................................. m s−1 [3]

17
(b) In another experiment, as shown in Fig. 8.2, the student sets up two small loudspeakers, S1
and S2, connected to the same signal generator, set to 8 300 Hz.
She moves a microphone along the line AB, and finds maxima of sound at the positions
shown by dots along AB, with minima in between.
A
S1
1.2 m
0.30 m 0.32 m
S2
B
Fig. 8.2
(i) Determine the wavelength of the sound produced from S1 and S2.
wavelength = .................................... m [2]

18
(ii) Hence, calculate the speed of sound from this experiment.
speed of sound = ................................. m s−1 [1]
(iii) 1. Label with a letter 'M' on one of the dots along the line AB for which the [1]
path difference is S2M −S1M = 2λ.
2. Explain why 'M' is a maxima.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(iv) When the signal generator is set to 300 Hz, the student does not find a succession
of maxima and minima as the microphone is moved along the line AB. Explain why
this happens.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………… [3]

19
(c) Fig. 8.3 shows an arrangement used to analyse the light emitted by a source. The light
source emits a range of wavelengths from 500 nm to 700 nm. The light is incident on a
diffraction grating that has 10000 lines per metre. The diffracted pattern is formed on the
screen placed at a distance away from the grating. OX is the line that indicates the direction
of the undiffracted light.
O X
light source
single slit diffration

grating
screen
Fig. 8.3
(i) Calculate the angle from OX at which the first order maximum for the light of
wavelengh of 500 nm is formed.
angle from OX = ................................. ° [2]
(ii) Calculate the maximum angular separation of the first order spectrum on the
same side of OX.
maximum angular separation = ................................. ° [2]

20
(iii) Calculate the maximum linear separation of the first order spectrum if the screen
is placed at 2.0 m from the diffraction grating.
maximum linear separation = ................................. m [2]
(iv) The single slit is initially illuminated by light from a point source that is 0.020 m from
the slit.
State and explain how the intensity of light incident on the single slit changes when the
light source is moved to a position 0.050 m from the slit.
………………………………………………………………………………………........
………………………………………………………………………………………........
………………………………………………………………………………………........
……………………………………………………………………………………….....…
……………………………………………………………………………………….........
………………………………………………………………………………………......... [3]

21
9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows the first three energy levels of copper.
Energy
− 76 eV n=3
− 933 eV n=2
− 8979 eV n=1
Fig. 9.1
In a particular experimental X-ray tube, a copper target is used. Electrons in the tube are
accelerated by a potential difference of 10 kV before entering the target. X-rays then emerge
from the target.
(i) Determine
1. the minimum wavelength of the X-ray photons.
minimum wavelength = ………………….. m [3]
2. the wavelength corresponding to the K-alpha characteristic line.

22
wavelength = ………………. m [2]
(ii) Sketch the X-ray spectrum of copper on Fig. 9.2 below. Use the answers in (a)(i) to
label two important values of wavelength on your spectrum.
Intensity
Wavelength
Fig. 9.2 [3]
(b) The diameter of a nucleus is of the order of magnitude of 10−15 m. Show, using the uncertainty
principle, that an electron does not exist inside the nucleus.
[3]
(c) The decay of a calcium-45 nucleus (chemical symbol: Ca; Z = 20) releases a scandium-45
(chemical symbol: Sc; Z = 21) nucleus. Write a nuclear equation to deduce the type of decay

23
that takes place.
type of decay = ……………………………. [2]
(d) Radon-219 is a naturally radioactive element, a member of the noble gas family found in soil.
Data for the α-decay of Radon-219 to form Polonium-215 are given in Fig. 9.3 below.
Nucleus Mass of nucleus / u

Radon-219 219.009523
Polonium-215 214.999469
Helium-4 4.002603
Fig. 9.3
Determine the energy released during the decay.
energy released = …………………….. MeV [3]
(e) Bismuth-210 undergoes β-decay. The emitted β-particles have a range of energies up to a
maximum of 1.17 MeV.
Using conservation laws, explain why this range of energies leads to the suggestion that, apart
24
from the β-particle, another particle must be emitted by the Bismuth-210 nucleus.
……………………………………………………………………………………...................................
……………………………………………………………………………………...................................
.……………………………………………………………………………………..................................
……………………………………………………………………………………...................................
..…………………………………………………………………………………….................................
………………………………………………………………………………………................................
………………………………………………………………………………………................................
………………………………………………………………………………………................................
………………………………………………………………………………………................................ [4]
- End of Paper -

25
Suggested Solution
Section A
Δv = area under a-t graph
1 (a)
= ½ (21)(0.45) + (43)(0.45) + ½ (22)(0.45)
= 29 1
< a > = Δv / Δt
= 29 / 200 1
= 0.15 (0.145) m s−2
vmax = area under a-t graph (from t = 0 to t = 86 s)

(b) (i) 1
= ½ (86 + 43) (0.45)
= 29.0 m s−1 1
(ii) v / m s−1
29.0
t/s
0 21 64 86 200 219
a / m s−2
0.45
200 219 t/s
21 64 86
[1] for the correct pair of forces

2 (a)
[1] for length of W > N
Weight, W
Normal force,
N

26
(b) 1
The scale reads the normal force.
1
The normal force of man P is equal to his weight,
whereas the normal force of man E is the difference between his weight and the 1
centripetal force as man E is undergoing circular motion.
(c) 1
589.2 – 587.4 = 60 ac
ac = 0.030 m s−2 1
3 (a) Gravitational potential at a point is the work done per unit mass in bringing a small test 1
mass from infinity to that point.
(b) (i)
1. The gravitational field is non uniform. 1
Accept: Gravitational potential varies inversely proportional to the distance from

the centre of Earth to a point.
(b) (i) 2. Gravitional potential is taken to be zero at infinitiy. 1

The gravitational forces are attractive and thus negative work has to be done by
1
an external force to bring the mass from infinity to that point at constant speed.
(b) (ii)
By Priniciple of Conservation of Mechanical Energy,
GPEi + KEi = GPEf + KEf
mФm + 0 = mФE + ½ mv2 [1]
v2 = 2 (Фm - ФE)
v = {2[-1.0 – (-62.0)]}0.5 [1]
= 1.1 x 10 m s
4 -1 [1]
(b) (iii)
Since gravitational potential, φ = − GM / r,
− 61.6 × 106 = − (6.67 × 10−11) (5.97 × 1024) / (6371 × 103 + h)
where h is the height of the upper edge of the atmosphere
correct substitution of φ , G , M [1]
r = rE + h [1]
Thus, h = 9.3 × 10 m (93.3 km) [1]
4

27
4 (a) The INCREASE in the internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of heat 1
supplied TO the system and the work done ON the system.
(b) (i) Pressure p / 105 Pa 4

B
16
7.8
A
D
1.0
1.4 6.0 10 Volume V / 10−4 m3
(ii) 3
Heat supplied Work done on Increase in

to gas / J gas / J internal energy
of gas / J
A 0 300 300
B 2580 -740 1840
C 0 -440 -440
D -1700 0 -1700
(iii) Net work done on gas = 300 + (-740) + (-440) + 0 = - 880 J 1
Heat supplied to gas during B = 2580 J
Ratio = 880 / 2580 = 0.34 1

28
5 (a)
(b) 1 6 × 10−6
ER = cos 60o
4πε o 0.2 2
x2
1
6 −1
= 1.35 × 10 NC
1
Right substitution.
6 (a) good attempt at evenly spaced parallel lines, 1
and downward arrow. 1
(b) To produce a fine/ narrow beam /ions parallel to each other 1
(c) (i) (region R) into page 1
(region S) out of page 1
(ii) Electric force is downward with the magnetic force is directed upward. 1
Electric force is equal to qE while magnetic force is equal to Bqv. 1
They are equal to each other which gives v = E/B and mass is not included in
the relation. 1
(iii) It will hit below the slit nearer to the bottom plate. 1
Since electric force is greater than the magnetic force. 1
(d) (i) There is a change in magnetic flux linkage though the coil as the cart 1
approaches and leaves the coil.

29
(d) (ii) The direction of the induced e.m.f. is such that the current would flow to oppose 1
the change producing it.
1
As the cart passes A, the flux linkage is increasing and as the cart passes B,
magnetic flux linkage is decreasing so e.m.f. induced is in opposite direction.
(d) (iii) The cart has accelerated between A and C/ moves faster/ more KE at C. 1
The change of magnetic flux linkage takes place within a shorter time frame, 1
hence rate of change of magnetic flux is greater. This induced e.m.f. is greater.
7 (a) (I) effective direct voltage that produces the same heating effect as the alternating 1
voltage.
(ii) Vo = 325.269 V 1
Peak P = 325.269 x 0.26 2 =120 W 1
(b) (10) 2 (2.0) + (5 2 )(1.0) 1

<V2> =
4.0
= 56.25 V
Vrms = 7.5 V 1

30
Section B
8 (a Calculate speed for d = 10, 20, 30 m:

)
Velocity v1 = 10 x 2 / 60 x 10-3 = 333.33333 m s-1
v 2 = 20 x 2 / 120 x 10-3 = 333.33333 m s-1
v 3 = 30 x 2 / 170x 10-3 = 352.94 m s-1 1
Explanation: The value of d is multiplied by 2 (or half the t) because the sound travels 1
from the source to wall and back again to source.
Find the average. : v ave = 339.87 = 340 m s−1 1
[Alternatively, students can solve via drawing a BFL, determining its gradient, equating
the gradient value to 2/v and then find v. Drawing a BFL is akin to taking average.]
(b (i) Use λ = ax /D
)
With x = 0.16 m, …. 1
λ = 0.040 m 1
(b (ii) v = f λ = 8300 x 0.040

)
= 332 m s−1 1
(iii) 1. 1

31
2. The path difference is equal to an integer number of wavelengths (and 1

sources are in phase) OR
Waves from S1 and S2 arrive in phase at M
[“Constructive interefence” as the sole answer will not gain any credit. This
is just paraphrasing the question]
(iv) Calculate that λ = 1.1 m 1

Use λ = ax /D to calculate x = 4.4 m
1
The first order maximum is found at 4.4 m which is too far away from the central 1
fringe. (The length of the screen AB appears to be slightly greater than 0.64 m
only. So there is a central maxima, but the next maxima is 4.4 m away, and the
first minima is 2.2 m away, so no succession of maxima and minima).
(c (i) d = 1.0 x 10-4 m 1
)
n λ = d sinθ
With n = 1, 1
θ = 0.286°
(ii) For λ = 700 nm, n = 1, we have θ700 = 0.4011° 1
Thus ∆θ = θ700 − θ500 = 0.4011 − 0.2865 = 0.115° 1
(iii) Let y be the distance of the maxima from X, as measured along the screen.
Then y700 = 2.0 tan 0.4011° and y500 = 2.0 tan 0.2865°. 1
Thus, linear separation = y700 – y500
= 0.00400 m 1
(iv) lower intensity (because energy spreads) 1

use or statement of inverse square law (I α 1/r2)
1
ratio of the initial intensity to the final intensity = (0.02/0.05)2 = 0.16 or
1
intensity falls by factor of 6.25

32
9 (a) (i)
1.
Using e Vacc = h c / λmin , [1]
we have λmin = (6.63 × 10−34) (3.0 × 108) / (1.60 × 10−19 × 10 × 103) [1]
= 1.24 × 10−10 m [1]
(i)
2.
Using Δ E(2→1) = h c / λ ,
we have λ = (6.63 × 10−34) (3.0 × 108) / [ (−933) – (−8979) ] × 1.60 × 10−19 [1]
= 1.55 × 10−10 m [1]
(a) (ii)
Intensity K -alpha
1.24 × 10−10 m 1.55 × 10−10 m Wavelength
Shape [1]
Minimum wavelength labelled [1]
K-alpha wavelength labelled [1]
(b)
Using formula Δpx Δx ≥ h,
Δpx ≥ 6.63 × 10−34 / (1 × 10−15) = 6.63 × 10−19 [1]
Δv ≥ 6.63 × 10−19 / (9.11 × 10−31) = 7.3 × 1011 m s−1 [1]
Thus, Δv > c, which is impossible [1]
(c) [1]
(Negative) beta decay [1]

33
(d)
Mass difference = 219.009523 – (214.999469 + 4.002603) [1]
= 0.007451 u
Energy released = (0.007451 × 1.66 × 10−27) (3 × 108)2 [1]

= 1.1132 × 10−12 J
= 6.96 MeV [1]
(e)
Without a second emitted particle, all β-particles would have the same energy [1]
Range of β-particle energy values means range of momenta (speeds) [1]
For COM and COE [1],
there must be another particle to share the momentum and energy [1]

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Candidate’s Name ……………………………….…………. CTG ……….…….

YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so.

Read the instructions on the Optical Mark Sheet carefully.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

This question paper consists of 14 printed pages.

9749 / YJC / 2018 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 1

A 10% low B 10% high C 11% low D 11% high

Vertical velocity Horizontal displacement

A 5.6 m s−1 B 6.0 m s−1 C 6.4 m s−1 D 12.2 m s−1

4 A sub-atomic particle of mass 0.113 u collides head-on elastically with a stationary

A 1.49 × 107 m s−1 B 1.87 × 107 m s−1

C 3.74 × 107 m s−1 D 4.85 × 107 m s−1

9749 / YJC / 2018 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 1

5 Four coplanar forces act on a circular disc as shown.

What is the net force and net torque on the disc?

Net force Net torque

9749 / YJC / 2018 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 1

A mg B 2.0 mg C 2.5 mg D 3.0 mg

9749 / YJC / 2018 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 1

Force exerted by planet on Moon 2

What is the number of nitrogen molecules in the flask?

A 0.030 B 0.25 C 1.8 × 1022 D 2.0 × 1023

A Intermolecular forces between molecules are negligible.

B The molecules experience negligible change in momentum on collision with the

C The molecules experience negligible change in average kinetic energy on collision

D The duration of a collision is negligible compared with time between collisions.

9749 / YJC / 2018 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 1

A It is the same direction as the acceleration.

B It is the opposite direction to the velocity.

C It is the same direction as the displacement.

D It is proportional to the displacement.

At which stage, A, B, C or D, does the ball bearing experience maximum acceleration to

9749 / YJC / 2018 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 1

A 4.73 × 10−3 radians B 8.75 × 10−3 radians

C 4.73 × 10−5 radians D 8.75 × 10−5 radians

17 In a Young’s double-slit experiment, a coherent monochromatic light illuminates the two

A Increasing the slit separation

B Decreasing distance between the screen and the slits

C Using monochromatic light of higher intensity

D Using monochromatic light of lower frequency

18 An electron, placed at a point P inside a uniform electric field, experiences a force of

9749 / YJC / 2018 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 1

Which of the following statements is correct when the switch S is closed?

D It is impossible to determine the rate at which energy is dissipated across R.

9749 / YJC / 2018 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 1

The resistivity of wire Y is

22 With 4 resistors, each having a resistance of 12 Ω, it is impossible to arrange all 4

A decreasing the e.m.f. of the driver cell.

B increasing the e.m.f. of the secondary cell.

C adding a fixed resistor in series with the driver cell.

D adding a fixed resistor in series with the secondary cell.

9749 / YJC / 2018 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 1

What is the drift velocity of the charge carriers?

A 1.2 × 10−18 m s−1

B 3.1 × 10−11 m s−1

C 3.1 × 10−5 m s−1