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    Addis Ababa Science and Technology University: College of Applied Sciences Department of Industrial Chemistry

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    Elias Libay
    This document discusses the effects of late harvesting of sugarcane. It notes that sugarcane maturity is a key factor in sucrose inversion and reduction. Harvesting immature or overmature cane should be avoided to reduce sugar losses. Late harvesting beyond 14 months leads to a decline in quality parameters like TSS, pol%, and recoverable sucrose due to heavy lodging and remobilization of sucrose to unproductive shoots. Late harvesting causes loss of sucrose content in juice, recoverable sugar, poor juice quality, loss in cane weight, and changes in quality parameters. The optimal time to harvest is when the cane is physically mature based on visual cues like color and bud development.

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    Addis Ababa Science and Technology University: College of Applied Sciences Department of Industrial Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    Elias Libay
    33 views4 pages
    This document discusses the effects of late harvesting of sugarcane. It notes that sugarcane maturity is a key factor in sucrose inversion and reduction. Harvesting immature or overmature cane should be avoided to reduce sugar losses. Late harvesting beyond 14 months leads to a decline in quality parameters like TSS, pol%, and recoverable sucrose due to heavy lodging and remobilization of sucrose to unproductive shoots. Late harvesting causes loss of sucrose content in juice, recoverable sugar, poor juice quality, loss in cane weight, and changes in quality parameters. The optimal time to harvest is when the cane is physically mature based on visual cues like color and bud development.

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    This document discusses the effects of late harvesting of sugarcane. It notes that sugarcane maturity is a key factor in sucrose inversion and reduction. Harvesting immature or overmature cane should be avoided to reduce sugar losses. Late harvesting beyond 14 months leads to a decline in quality parameters like TSS, pol%, and recoverable sucrose due to heavy lodging and remobilization of sucrose to unproductive shoots. Late harvesting causes loss of sucrose content in juice, recoverable sugar, poor juice quality, loss in cane weight, and changes in quality parameters. The optimal time to harvest is when the cane is physically mature based on visual cues like color and bud development.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    33 views4 pages

    Addis Ababa Science and Technology University: College of Applied Sciences Department of Industrial Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    Elias Libay
    This document discusses the effects of late harvesting of sugarcane. It notes that sugarcane maturity is a key factor in sucrose inversion and reduction. Harvesting immature or overmature cane should be avoided to reduce sugar losses. Late harvesting beyond 14 months leads to a decline in quality parameters like TSS, pol%, and recoverable sucrose due to heavy lodging and remobilization of sucrose to unproductive shoots. Late harvesting causes loss of sucrose content in juice, recoverable sugar, poor juice quality, loss in cane weight, and changes in quality parameters. The optimal time to harvest is when the cane is physically mature based on visual cues like color and bud development.

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    Addis Ababa Science and Technology University

    College of Applied Sciences


    Department of Industrial chemistry
    Sugar chemistry (Inch 4121)
    Assignment 1

    Name ID NO

    1.yirgalem Diga………………………………………. ETS 1215/09

    SUBMITTED DATE:18/8/2021

    SUBMITTD TO፡ Dr. IBRAHIM N. (PhD)


    INTRODUCTION
    Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a complex anew-polyploidy plant, in wild types that
    propagates asexually through planting of vegetative cuttings (setts) of mature stalks. The
    importance of sugarcane has increased in recent years because it is a source of industrial raw
    material for sugar allied industries such as acetic acid, paper, plywood, industrial enzymes,
    animal feed and as source of renewable energy. Moreover, sugarcane is one of the most efficient
    species in the plant kingdom in terms of biomass production.

    Maturity of cane is a major factor in the inversion and subsequent reduction of stored sucrose.
    As, physiological maturity increases the extent of sucrose loss is enhanced. Harvesting of
    immature (or) over mature cane should be avoided to cut down sugar losses.

    Post Harvesting Of Sugarcane

    Many sugarcane fields in tropical areas of were covered with over-stand cane having an age
    range of 20–30-month-old. This will cause a decline both in yield and quality of sugarcane
    production due to heavy lodging, and remobilization of accumulated sucrose to supply newly
    growing side shoots. Similarly, over aged canes deteriorate their sucrose content by heavy
    lodging and remobilized to supply the unproductive bull shoots (newly growing shoots).

    All the cane clones are prone to post harvest deterioration but rate of moisture loss may vary due
    to their physical, chemical and biochemical constitution as well as prevailing environmental
    conditions. The genetic nature of clone and the morphological features of cane such as
    thickness, rind hardness, wax coating etc. Decides the extent of post-harvest deterioration.

    Effect of harvest times/late harvest

    Age of harvest is one of the most important factors affecting sugarcane productivity and quality
    of product. Varietal differences in growth and maturity rates must be considered when harvesting
    decisions are made. In addition to the difference of varietal maturity rates, environmental
    conditions, management practices, and pest pressure also influence the optimal harvest age of
    sugarcane along the coast. The climate elements, temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity
    and total rainfall variables that account for a major variation in harvest age among sugarcane
    growing countries.
    Beyond 14 months harvest age all quality parameters such as Percent of soluble solids (TSS),
    percent pol(pol%) and estimated recoverable sucrose significantly declining trend which
    indicates the reduction of sucrose content due to heavy lodging and remobilization to supply the
    unproductive bull shoots (newly growing shoots).

    Canes started to lose their weight by drying out by high temperatures. It has been suggested that,
    the cane weight loss is mainly attributed to evaporation losses. So that Post harvest deterioration
    of cane quality due to cane staling is one of the most alarming problems of sugar industry.

    Maturity and Harvesting of Sugarcane

     Cane should be harvested only when it is mature. Practical tests to judge maturity are (a)
    general yellowish colour of whole crop, (b) cessation of growth, (c) swelling of eye buds,
    (d) metallic sound of cane, (e) breaking of cane at the nodes and (f) Brix saccharometer
    reading between 21 and 24.
     Irrigation should be withheld for about 10 to 15 days prior to harvesting.

     Harvesting should be done with sharp cane cutting knife and very close to ground.

     The cane should be crushed within 24 hours to get high recovery.

     Average yield of ratoon crop is 100 t/ha, pre-seasonal crop is 125 t/ha and that of adsali is
    150 t/ha. With best management practices, potential yield of 200 t/ha (ratoon crop), 250
    t/ha (pre-seasonal crop) and 300 t/ha (adsali crop) can be harvested.

    Therefore Effects of Late/Post Harvesting Sugarcane For the production of Sugar is

     Loss of sucrose content in the juice

     Loss of recoverable sugar


     poor juice quality
     Loss in cane weight due the staling of cane and
     Changes in TSS (total soluble solid) or brix
     Changes in Sucrose % in juice
     Changes in purity coefficient
     Changes in reducing sugar changes in protein content
     Changes in Dextran, and problems in milling

    References
    1.Hagos, Hadush, Luel Mengistu, and Yohannes Mequanint. "Determining
    optimum harvest age of sugarcane varieties on the newly establishing sugar project
    in the tropical areas of Tendaho, Ethiopia." Advances in crop science and
    technology (2014).
    2. Inman-Bamber, N. G. "Effect of age and season on components of yield of
    sugarcane in South Africa." In Proceedings of the South African Sugar
    Technologists Association, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 23-27. 1994.

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