Final Term Paper - ENRM 221

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
OPEN UNIVERSITY
ENRM 221 – Socio-Cultural Perspectives on the

Environment
1st Semester, AY 2020-2021
“SURVEY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS AND AWARENESS LEVEL OF

EMPLOYEES AND CONTRACTORS OF TAGANITO HPAL NICKEL
CORPORATION (THPAL) on ISO 14001-2015 IMPLEMENTATION”
“Final Term Paper”
Submitted to:
Prof. Rene B. Borromeo

Faculty-In-Charge
Submitted by:
PRESCIOUS LAIZA VERANO

2017-30403
JANUARY 2021
EFFECTIVENESS AND AWARENESS LEVEL ON THPAL EMS IMPLEMENTATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………….. . 3
Background of the Research ………………………………………………………. 3
The Need of EMS …………………………………………………………… 4
Environmental Approach ………………………………………………….. 5
Statement of the Problem …………………………………………………………... 6
Purpose of the Research................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER 11: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Review of Related Literature....................................................................................... 8

Sumitomo Metal Mining (SMM) and EMS ……………………………………….... 9
Systems Theory of Human Ecology and Mineral Processing ………………... 10
SMM Vision and Effective Use of Resources ………………………………….... 12
Environmental Management Initiatives and Approach to Biodiversity ……... 12
Political Ecology Model in Mining and Mineral Processing Plant ……….... 13
Sustainability in the Minerals Industry ………………………………………….. 14
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
Survey Design ………………………………………………………………………. 15

Survey Respondents or Research Participants …………………………………. 16
Purpose of the Survey ……………………………………………………………… 31
Ethical Consideration ……………………………………………………………… 32
Sample size of the Population …………………………………………………...... 32
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Analysis of Data ………………………………………………………………… . 33
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Interpretation of Data …………………………………………………………… 33

EMS Awareness and Effectiveness ……………………………………………... 35
Recommendations and Conclusions ……………………………………………… 36
REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………………… 38
APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………………………. 42
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CHAPTER I – THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
INTRODUCTION
Taganito HPAL Nickel Corporation, aka THPAL, is a subsidiary of Sumitomo Metal
Mining Co. that produces mixed nickel-cobalt sulfides (MS) using HPAL technology and
exports the raw materials to the SMM Group's nickel refining facilities at Niihama Nickel
Refinery and Harima Refinery. The Taganito operation in Claver, Surigao del Norte, is also the
exclusive supplier of limonite ore to Taganito HPAL Nickel Corporation (THPAL).
Commissioned in 2013 and built at a cost of US$ 1.7 billion, the Philippines’ second
hydrometallurgical nickel processing plant has an expanded capacity of 36,000 tonnes of
contained nickel and 3,000 tonnes of contained cobalt per year. Apparently, metals and minerals
have become very important in today’s modern society. They influence people’s economic,
social, and cultural well-being (Prior et. al., 2011).
BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH
Sumitomo Metal Mining has evolved for over 400 years. The firm prospered in mastering
new technology to cope with the rapid pace of modernization. Sumitomo managed all its
activities with foresight and flexibility in order to cope effectively with the changing times.
HPAL technology is one of the product of the evolution set about building an internationally
competitive business platform.
The Taganito operations in Claver, Surigao del Norte, on the other hand, supply all of the
limonite ore requirements to Taganito HPAL Nickel Corporation (THPAL). Surigao del Norte
has abundant metallic and nonmetallic deposits. The metallic minerals include large reserves of
nickel-cobalt, chromite, gold, lead-zinc and copper. Non-metallic minerals include limestone,
shale, coal, sand and gravel.
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The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Department Administrative
Order (DAO) 2015 – 07 mandates all mining companies of the Philippines to implement
Environmental Management System (EMS) through a certification from the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001. This hopes to improve the conditions of the
mining environment in the country and reverse the negative image of the industry caused by old
mining practices.
EMS is essential to the efforts of balancing the impact of the extraction of mineral
resource with the environment (Newbold, 2004) as its implementation may reduce environmental
impacts, improve environmental performance, prevent pollution, increase regulatory compliance,
and may contribute to the improvement of human resource management (Mazzi, et al, 2016).
EMS could help mining companies achieve better environmental performance by providing a
framework for systematic management and continuous improvement (Australian Centre for
Sustainable Mining Practices, 2011) and providing as well procedures and processes specifying
responsibilities for preventing harm in the environment, economy, and social aspects of the
operations.
THE NEED OF EMS
With the growing Environmental awareness, compulsions and competition, it is
becoming imperative to not only manufacture but source raw materials and sell products in
manner that is environmentally acceptable. Global trade henceforth would reinforce flow of
green goods and services, in which only environmentally responsible companies shall be able to
retain and enhance their share of growing international market.
Implementation of ISO 14001 proves the activities of organization (private or public) in
reducing their potential impact on the human wellbeing and environment while at the same time
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diminishing potential environmental damage during all stages of their products/services life
cycles in accordance to the circular economy. Main goal of the circular economy is reducing
landfills, waste and emissions with re-use, recycling, and remanufacturing of materials and at the
same time it looks upon different stakeholders.
While all industrial enterprises are required to comply with growing number of
environmental regulation, it is only those, who proactively seek to demonstrate environmental
performance far beyond compliance, would be the market leaders. Already there is a discernible
trend in the corporate world of projection one’s own image as that of an environmentally sound
enterprise adoption of “Environmental Charters” implementation of “Responsible Care
Programmes” environmental reporting through annual reports are all desirable but sporadic
efforts in this direction.
Through ISO 14001 environment management has become important parameter in
planning company’s environment impact and in today’s economy this is not easy to achieve.
Because of ISO 14001 implementation company has achieved following results:
1. Environment protection and thinking about it became significant part of company.
2. Company clearly recognized its significant aspects of environment.
3. Company defined goals and aligned them with the national legislation.
4. Company follows systematically program and its realization.
5. Better management of different natural resources was established and through that company
achieved significant financial savings.
6. Company enabled better control of costs and activities related to environmental protection.
7. Company improved production technology to reduce environmental pollution.
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Credibility comes in only when an independent, well respected, internationally
recognized third party speaks of these environmental achievements. Then it not only carries
conviction but also impacts the consumer mind favorably. Environmental Management System
(EMS) certification is one such opportunity that can enable the companies acquires the label of
environmentally sound enterprises and improves their economic performance at the same time.
ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH
o Conserve, reuse and recycle materials
o Give preference to procurement of supplies made from recycled material where
financially feasible
o Protect ground - water from contamination
o Establish a Chemical Management Programme
o Reduce need for off-site Transport, disposal and treatment of hazardous waste
o Ensure that required training is completed and documented
o Obtain and comply with permits
o Maintain records to track
o Environmental Programme
o Identify and control potential environmental effects of products and processes
o Maintain and active community relations programmes on Environmental matters
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Every year, the President sets targets (SMM Group environmental targets) in
consideration of the environmental risks faced by the SMM Group. In response, business sites
and group companies of each business division integrate these targets into their environmental
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management systems, established according to the ISO 14001 standard. As for environmental
management systems which serve as the basis for environmental preservation activities, the Head
Office, branches and all production bases and sites responsible for closed and suspended mines
in the SMM Group have acquired ISO 14001 certification.
In addition, any new production bases are also required to acquire certification as quickly
as possible. Furthermore, since the occurrence of accidents at any time during the development
of a mine creates the risk of significant environmental impacts, SMM works with our partners to
mitigate environmental risks even at mines we do not operate, such as mines in which we hold an
interest.
Since ISO 14001 certification had been acquired, the Taganito HPAL Nickel Employees
(THPAL) employees and contractors were seemed reluctant of the program, unknowledgeable
and unresponsive of the policies and regulations of implemented EMS. An organization and its
contractors are interdependent and a mutually beneficial relationship enhances the ability of both
to create value. The role of employees and contractors are critical in achieving success of EMS
implementation and towards achieving improvement in environmental performance.
Companies within EMS must identify their impacts on environment and relevant
regulations brought by government (local or national). Operational and management control
together with different procedures (measurement and monitoring) and programs for impact on
environment should be set up. This process is accompanied with employees training and
education, documentation and audits (internal and external). EMS can and should be integral part
of the overall management system that includes organizational structure, planning activities,
responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing,
achieving, reviewing and maintaining the environmental policy.
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PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH
This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness and awareness of THPAL employees and
contractors on the implementation of ISO 14001:2015 or EMS version 2015. This paper would
evaluate the effectiveness and awareness of the employees and its contractors on the EMS
implementation. The outcome of this paper could help and guide in determining effectiveness of
company’s EMS. Through this, the management and its stakeholders would help improve,
maintain, and innovate policies, rules, regulations covered by the EMS implementation. This
paper would also serve to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation for the prevention of
pollution and improvement of environmental performance. Ultimately, the improvement of
environmental condition in the community and its neighboring community through effective
EMS implementation is being sought.
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This part discusses how human utilizes natural resources and environment been managed
to reduce if not eliminate the impacts of natural resources utilization. This also relates some
theories of Human-Environment Interactions (HEIs) related to mineral processing and extraction.
SUMITOMO METAL MINING (SMM) and EMS
Every year, the President sets targets (SMM Group environmental targets) in
consideration of the environmental risks faced by the SMM Group. In response, business sites
and group companies of each business division integrate these targets into their environmental
management systems, established according to the ISO 14001 standard. As for environmental
management systems which serve as the basis for environmental preservation activities, the Head
Office, branches and all production bases and sites responsible for closed and suspended mines
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in the SMM Group have acquired ISO 14001 certification. In addition, any new production bases
are also required to acquire certification as quickly as possible. Furthermore, since the
occurrence of accidents at any time during the development of a mine creates the risk of
significant environmental impacts, SMM works with our partners to mitigate environmental risks
even at mines we do not operate, such as mines in which we hold an interest.
Amid major shifts surrounding the mineral resources environment, including the rise of
“resource nationalism,” High Pressure Acid Leach (HPAL) technology has gained attention as a
process for smelting and refining nickel. A feature of this technology is its ability to use low-
grade oxide ore as a resource. Although this ore can be found close to the earth’s surface, until
now it has been little used. SMM’s Taganito HPAL Nickel Corporation (THPAL), which began
commercial production in Taganito on Mindanao Island in the Philippines in October 2013, is an
HPAL plant that incorporates the world’s most advanced technology. Global initiatives to
commercialize HPAL began in the 1990s. While many companies run into difficulties in
developing the technology, SMM became the first in the world to achieve practical
implementation of HPAL.
In April 2005, SMM began commercial production at the Coral Bay Nickel Corporation
(CBNC) on Palawan Island in the Philippines. Currently, SMM’s annual production of nickel
intermediate materials is equivalent to 24,000 tons of nickel. The success was made possible
through the operating know-how and precision engineering of Japanese manufacturing and
through the smelting and refining technologies built up over SMM’s history of more than 400
years. Among these technologies, the Matte Chlorine Leach Electro-winning (MCLE) process
deployed at the Niihama Nickel Refinery in Niihama, Ehime Prefecture became an extremely
valuable technological backbone in the commercialization of HPAL.
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THPAL began full-scale production of 30,000 tons per year in 2015, with plans to boost
production to 36,000 tons per year. HPAL, which uses low-grade nickel ore to produce high-
grade nickel material, is a technology with a very high competitive advantage in the smelting and
refining of nickel. While working to effect improvements for further increases in production
capacity, SMM will also take up the exploration of new possibilities. A variety of metals are
produced as byproducts of the HPAL process, and we are now working on technological
development to recover rare metals such as scandium.
Moreover, Technology and process innovation continue to evolve in global Ni industry.
In the Philippines, DAO 2015–08 requires all mining companies to innovate environmentally
that leads to the adoption of EMS in their operations. Oliveira, et al (2016) says that EMS based
on ISO 14001 fosters an environmentally friendly culture within the company and contributes to
a systematic allocation of resources for the decision-making processes of directors and managers.
EMS directly and positively influences business operations leading to an improved
environmental performance. It supports organizations to control environmental aspects and
impacts, to reduce waste and pollution, to prevent environmental liabilities; at the same time
helps companies to increases operations' efficiency, competitiveness and corporate responsibility
image (Mazzi, et. al 2016).
SYSTEMS THEORY OF HUMAN ECOLOGY AND MINERAL PROCESSING
The Systems Theory of Human Ecology explains that social system interacts dependently
with the systems of the natural environment. It means that human’s continued existence on earth
is determined by how human treat the environment. Whatever way the environment behaves is a
reflection of how human manages its environment. The complex systems and processes of
human society are creating impacts on the natural environmental systems because of human’s
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interests and concerns on improving the economy, and developing technology with the
application of technical knowledge for better living and comfort.
Mineral processing strongly interferes with the natural environment as it leads to
deforestation and landscape degradation. In terms of human impact, the biggest threat is
pollution caused by ore processing. These processes intensified with the development of mining
on a larger scale. People living in mining and mineral processing plant regions were therefore
exposed to many health risk factors related to contamination, but their quality of life and incomes
resulting from mining work could have counterbalanced some of these effects. Mining and
smelting activities introduced a higher concentration of heavy metals in the soils. The main
source of such pollution were residues from primary and secondary ore processing, but toxic
substances were present at every stage of the metal production.
One of the many processes and activities of human is mining and development of mineral
resources. The minerals such as Nickel are natural resources formed by the complex natural
systems and processes. Minerals are extracted from the earth’s surface and processed to support
human society’s evolving demands and technological advancements for better living. For
instance, global demand for Nickel is high because of its many industrial applications in steel
alloys used in the manufacture of cars, washing machines, stainless steel sinks, and other white
goods (Kitney & Maxwell, 1996). Nickel is produced largely from laterite ores extracted from
the earth’s surface. Nickel laterite mines are mostly open cut due to the large area and shallow
nature of the ores (Mudd, 2010). This method greatly affected environmental system which alters
ecological processes. Mining industry and mineral processing plant tends to increase production
as the demand for minerals is projected to continually rise in this modern, technology-driven
society (Moran, 2014).
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Recognizing that minerals are important in society’s modern way of life, their extraction
is deemed necessary but must be done in a way not detrimental to the environmental system.
Lèbre, et al. (2016) says there are a variety of sustainability frameworks specifically designed or
adaptable for the mining industry which can be sourced from the academe, governments, and the
industry itself.
SMM VISION AND EFFECTIVE USE OF RESOURCES
The Vision of SMM Group’s coexistence with the global environment and society aimed
at sustainable growth. As the SMM Group’s business activities involve large-scale
developments, such as mining developments, there is a significant impact on the surrounding
areas, the scope of which extends to the economy, the environment, human rights, and the local
communities.
A company that generated resources using innovative technology; uses advanced
technologies to reduce environmental impacts and contributes to preserving the global
environment; earns trust and contributes to regional development through our business and social
contribution activities rooted in each region; a company where diverse human resources exercise
their ability sufficiently and take a vibrant and active part in each field; works with its
stakeholders to strive for a society that actively respects human rights; a company that accords
safety the highest priority and provides comfortable working environments; and a company that
works to communicate transparently with all worldwide stakeholders to deepen mutual
understanding.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES AND APPROACH TO
BIODIVERSITY
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SMM has declared that “advancing biodiversity preservation initiatives” is one of the
concrete measures for bringing about our Vision for 2020. In addition, the approach to
biodiversity adopts the three perspectives of pursuing global warming countermeasures, reducing
environmental impacts, and preserving ecosystems. SMM views climate change due to global
warming as a threat to biodiversity as well as a serious risk to SMM Group business activities.
SMM are expanding low carbon impact products business (creating, storing, and saving energy)
and proceeding to reduce CO2 emissions by installing energy saving technology and taking
advantage of renewable energy.
POLITICAL ECOLOGY MODEL IN MINING AND MINERAL PROCESSING PLANT
INDUSTRY
Mining and Mineral processing plant industry has faced an increasing amount of criticism
on environmental impacts and social disruption from civil society. There often conflicts of
interests with other users of land or natural resources where a company operates. In many
instances, mining company is able to answer itself the societal demands by improving their
social and environmental performance (Nysten-Haarala, 2015). Meanwhile, responsible Mining
and mineral processing plant industries promotes reduction of environmental impact to a more
sustainable society and gives consideration of biodiversity in conducting business activities.
Social license to operate oftentimes awarded to mineral industry after having seen to manifest
good social and environmental performance.
SUSTAINABILITY IN THE MINERALS INDUSTRY
The concept of sustainability based on the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) model is, perhaps,
the most widely used to date, although methodological difficulties have been recognized in its
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implementation, especially regarding the approach of an equilibrium and a proper integration of
the three dimensions. Indeed, Elkington, himself recognized that the major challenge resides in
the interaction between the bottom lines, defined by the author as shear zones: eco-efficiency
(economic–environmental interaction), environmental justice (environmental–social interaction)
and business ethics (social–economic interaction).
Growth of global economy and the development of new technologies continually
demands for an increased supply of minerals and metals. This sets sustainability challenges for
the mining and minerals processing industry pertaining to the:
 efficient use of mineral raw materials including waste management and recycling,
prevention of material losses and emissions,
 reduction of energy demands and related emissions of greenhouse gases, directly and
indirectly related to production,
 availability of water and its allocation between different competing stakeholder groups,
 consideration of environmental impacts from mine start-up and operation to closure and
reclamation,
 societal constraints as given by changed legislation, health and safety issues, competition
with other sectors, and lastly the availability of skilled people.
In the context of sustainability, Lebre, et. al (2017) offered a holistic approach on mine waste
management as a strategy for sustainable mining. The authors propose prioritizing waste
minimization and mineral recovery. Second priority is waste reprocessing where it would
enhance mineral recovery, reduce/prevent waste, and mitigate pollution. The third priority is
down-cycling of mine waste where the bulk of waste material were applied to other purpose
rather than plainly becoming a waste.
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CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
SURVEY DESIGN
Survey research is used: “to answer questions that have been raised, to solve problems
that have been posed or observed, to assess needs and set goals, to determine whether or not
specific objectives have been met, to establish baselines against which future comparisons can be
made, to analyze trends across time, and generally, to describe what exists, in what amount, and
in what context.” (Isaac & Michael, 1997, p. 136).
According to Levy and Lemeshow (1999), survey design involves two steps. First, a
sampling plan must be developed. The sampling plan is the methodology that will be used to
select the sample from the population (p. 6). The sampling plan describes the approach that will
be used to select the sample, how an adequate sample size will be determined, and the choice of
media through which the survey will be administered. Survey media include telephone and face-
to-face interviews, as well as mailed surveys using either postal or electronic mail (Salant &
Dillman, 1994, p. 3). Second, procedures for obtaining population estimates from the sample
data and for estimating the reliability of those population estimates must be established. This
process includes identification of the desired response rate and the preferred level of accuracy for
the survey (Salant & Dillman, 1994, p. 3).
In this paper, survey will be conducted using a customized survey questionnaire
structured to fit the need on site. The questionnaire is composed of two parts; the general
information part containing basic questions such as respondents’ age, gender, company, among
others. The second part contains questions that would evaluate awareness of respondents to the
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EMS being implemented in the company’s operations. The questions reflect to the objectives,
activities, programs, and overall management of the EMS.
SURVEY RESPONDENTS OR RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS
The survey will be conducted to the three (3) hierarchical positions, namely; managerial,
supervisory, and rank-and-file employees. Managerial employees are those vested with the
powers or prerogatives to lay down and execute management policies and/or to hire, transfer,
suspend, lay-off, recall, discharge, assign or discipline employees. Supervisory employees are
those who, in the interest of the employer, effectively recommend such managerial actions if the
exercise of such authority is not merely routinary or clerical in nature but requires the use of
independent judgment. According to the Philippine Labor Code, all employees not falling within
any of the above definitions are considered rank-and-file employees.
Table 1 provides basic information about employee respondents by also using an
identification code. The table itemizes information on how long the employee has been
employed at Taganito HPAL Nickel Corporation as well as their position title and description of
the key duties that they perform.
Table 1.
Participant Employment
Position Title Key Duties
Code Duration
011016 1 year 2 months Junior Staff IT Supervisor
011013 6 months Junior Staff PSU General Supervisor
012011 3 years 5 months Junior Staff Production Senior Supervisor
012045 2 years Junior Staff Production Chief Supervisor
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011012 1 year Junior Staff PSU Senior Supervisor
010005 1 year Junior Staff Engineering Section Head
008002 4 years Junior Staff Administration Officer
012043 2 years Junior Staff Production Senior Supervisor
012160 6 months Junior Staff Production Senior Supervisor
011022 1 year Junior Staff MS General Supervisor
013041 1 year 6 months Junior Staff Production Senior Supervisor
010006 3 years Junior Staff Mechanical Senior Supervisor
013258 6 months Rank & File Nursing Staff
011003 2 years 7 months Junior Staff Junior Supervisor
011004 2 years Rank & File Administration Staff
011006 2 years Junior Staff Administration Officer
011005 2 years Junior Staff Junior Supervisor
011007 3 years 7 months Rank & File Administration Assistant
011015 2 years Junior Staff E & I Senior Supervisor
011021 4 years Junior Staff Senior Supervisor
011024 2 years 7 months Rank & File Community Relations Assistant
011023 2 years Rank & File Bookkeeper
011025 2 years 5 months Rank & File Treasury Staff
011026 2 years Rank & File Administration Assistant
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011028 2 years 8 months Rank & File IT Assistant
011027 2 years Rank & File Community Relations Assistant
012001 4 years Junior Staff Production Supervisor
012007 2 years Junior Staff Mechanical Junior Supervisor
012005 2 years 8 months Junior Staff Production Junior Supervisor
012010 4 years Junior Staff Senior Supervisor
012006 4 years Junior Staff Production Senior Supervisor
012013 4 years 9 months Junior Staff Production Supervisor
013255 2 years 2 months Rank & File Nursing Staff
012015 2 years Junior Staff Civil Supervisor
012020 4 years Junior Staff Production Junior Supervisor
012022 1 year Junior Staff Production Junior Supervisor
012019 4 years 4 months Junior Staff Production Supervisor
013268 3 years 8 months Junior Staff Payroll Staff
012032 4 years Junior Staff PSU Supervisor
012024 4 years 3 months Junior Staff Senior Supervisor
012033 4 years Junior Staff Accounting Junior Officer
012030 4 years 8 months Junior Staff PSU Junior Supervisor
012027 4 years Junior Staff PSU Junior Supervisor
012026 1 year Junior Staff Mechanical Junior Supervisor
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012041 2 years Junior Staff E & I Supervisor
012049 2 years 2 months Junior Staff Mechanical Junior Supervisor
012055 1 year Rank & File GA Assistant
012058 2 years 2 months Junior Staff Senior Supervisor
012067 4 years Junior Staff Security Senior Officer
012134 1 year Junior Staff E & I Junior Supervisor
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012153 4 years 6 months Junior Staff Laboratory Senior Supervisor
012149 6 months Junior Staff Laboratory Junior Supervisor
012152 4 years Rank & File Accounting Assistant
012146 4 years 5 months Junior Staff Laboratory Junior Supervisor
012150 4 years Junior Staff Laboratory Junior Supervisor
012161 1 year Junior Staff Junior Supervisor
012155 4 years 2 months Junior Staff E & I Supervisor
012156 3 years 7 months Junior Staff E & I Junior Supervisor
012158 1 year Junior Staff Mechanical Junior Supervisor
012071 2 years Rank & File Administration Staff
012082 2 years Rank & File Production Operator
013269 2 years 11 months Rank & File Production Operator
012088 2 years 2 months Junior Staff E & I Supervisor
012086 1 year 6 months Rank & File Production Operator
012096 4 years 6 months Rank & File HR Assistant
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012094 1 year Rank & File GA Assistant
012108 3 years 2 months Junior Staff Cadet Engineer
013270 4 years 6 months Rank & File Power Plant Operator
013012 3 years 4 months Junior Staff Logistics Senior Officer
013018 3 years Rank & File Power Station & Utilities Operator
013008 2 years 2 months Rank & File Mechanical Inspector
013016 3 years 2 months Rank & File Logistics Assistant
013035 4 years 6 months Rank & File Safety Inspector
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013032 2 years Rank & File Safety Inspector
013055 2 years 1 month Junior Staff Production Junior Supervisor
013053 1 year 8 months Rank & File GA Assistant
013065 2 years Rank & File Logistics Assistant
013066 3 years Rank & File Power Station & Utilities Operator
013117 2 years 1 month Rank & File Security Assistant
013210 1 year 8 months Rank & File Purchasing Staff
013099 1 year Junior Staff Accounting Junior Officer
013104 4 years 3 months Rank & File EMO Assistant
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013096 2 years Rank & File HR Assistant
013211 5 years Rank & File Purchasing Encoder
013122 1 year Rank & File Logistics Assistant
013144 6 months Rank & File Laboratory Encoder
013242 6 months Rank & File Japanese Interpreter
013145 4 years Rank & File Laboratory Encoder
013140 2 years Rank & File Laboratory Technician
013175 1 year Rank & File Laboratory Aide
013170 2 years 11 months Rank & File Laboratory Technician
013158 4 years Rank & File Security Inspector
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013187 1 year Rank & File Laboratory Technician
013180 4 years Rank & File GA Assistant
013196 4 years Junior Staff E & I Junior Supervisor
013212 2 years Rank & File Purchasing Encoder
013213 3 years Junior Staff Purchaser
013214 1 year Junior Staff Assistant Manager Treasury
013215 3 years Junior Staff Logistics Officer
013231 2 years Rank & File E & I Assistant
013234 6 months Rank & File Production Operator
013235 6 months Rank & File Secretary-Civil
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013237 1 year Junior Staff PSU Junior Supervisor
013239 6 months Contractual Japanese Interpreter
013240 1 year Junior Staff Safety Senior Supervisor
013241 4 years Junior Staff Accounting Senior Officer
013262 1 year 5 months Rank & File Logistics Assistant
013271 2 years Junior Staff Cadet Civil Engineer
014004 4 years 1 month Rank & File Laboratory Technician
014006 3 years 4 months Rank & File Power Station & Utilities Operator
014019 2 years 7 months Rank & File MEPEO Assistant
014013 1 year Junior Staff Production Junior Supervisor
014031 2 years 11 months Rank & File Treasury Staff
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014030 3 years 4 months Rank & File Bookkeeper
014021 3 years Rank & File EMO Monitoring Aide
014022 2 years Rank & File EMO Monitoring Aide
014026 4 years 6 months Rank & File E & I Assistant
014032 3 years 4 months Rank & File Administration Staff
014033 2 years Junior Staff Assistant Manager Treasury
014035 2 years Junior Staff Head for Community Relations
013249 2 years Rank & File Community Organizer
014040 4 years 1 month Rank & File HR Assistant
014049 1 year 8 months Rank & File Community Relations Assistant
014068 3 years Junior Staff Accounting Junior Officer
014061 4 years 1 month Junior Staff Cadet Engineer
014067 4 years Junior Staff Community Relations Junior Officer
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014072 4 years 6 months Rank & File EMO Monitoring Aide
014097 3 years 4 months Rank & File Purchasing Encoder
014086 3 years Junior Staff Purchasing Encoder
014087 2 years Junior Staff IT Junior Officer
014078 4 years 1 month Rank & File Safety Officer
014091 2 years Rank & File Safety Inspector
014089 4 years 1 month Rank & File Emo Nursery Aide
014088 3 years 4 months Rank & File Emo Nursery Aide
014090 4 years Rank & File Emo Nursery Aide
014092 4 years Rank & File Emo Nursery Aide
014098 4 years Junior Staff Purchaser
'014103 2 years Junior Staff Purchaser
014094 4 years 6 months Rank & File GA Assistant
014112 2 years Junior Staff E & I Supervisor
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014131 1 year 8 months Junior Staff Cadet Engineer
014132 3 years Junior Staff Cadet Engineer
015006 4 years 1 month Junior Staff PSU Junior Supervisor
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015034 4 years 6 months Junior Staff E & I Junior Supervisor
015017 4 years 1 month Junior Staff Cadet Engineer
015037 3 years 4 months Junior Staff Cadet Officer
015049 3 years Junior Staff Safety Senior Supervisor
013169 2 years Rank & File Interpreter
015059 4 years 1 month Rank & File front desks/ travel services associate
015056 3 years 4 months Rank & File Emo Assistant
015073 3 years 4 months Rank & File Power Station & Utilities Operator
015074 2 years 2 months Rank & File Information Staff
015077 4 years Rank & File Bookkeeper
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016013 6 months Junior Staff Cadet Engineer
016023 1 year 7 months Junior Staff Engineering Junior Supervisor
016065 4 years 9 months Contractual Laboratory Encoder
016081 2 years 7 months Junior Staff Civil Junior Supervisor
016096 4 years 1 month Junior Staff E & I Junior Supervisor
017004 3 years 8 months Rank & File HR Assistant
017010 4 years 1 month Junior Staff Safety Senior Supervisor
017066 2 years Junior Staff Community Relations Junior Officer
017073 2 years Junior Staff Engineering Junior Supervisor
Page | 30
017089 4 years 6 months Rank & File Community Organizer
017103 3 years Rank & File IT Assistant
018046 3 years Junior Staff IT Support Specialist
018075 3 years Junior Staff Cadet Officer
PURPOSE OF THE SURVEY
The survey aims to gather and analyze data on the level of awareness of employees and
contractors and the effectiveness of implementation of ISO 14001:2015 of Taganito HPAL
Nickel Corporation.
Page | 31
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
All procedures for the collection of data that involves human subjects were carefully
adhered to and overseen by the Human Resource office of Taganito HPAL Nickel Corporation.
Ethical issues and strategies employed for dealing with these issues are discussed below.
1. Access to Participants and Informed Consent
The rationale for seeking to obtain an employee’s information specially to the subject of this
research those who answered the survey questionnaire considering their identification number as
well as the position and duties they were directly into. The consent from the 201 file of the
Human Resource Office is very necessary to ensure the security of personal information.
2. Confidentiality and Anonymity
Confidentiality and anonymity was maintained to a high standard. The identities of the
organizations and participants are not revealed in this report, and if the findings of this study
were to be written for publication, no identifying information will be used.
SAMPLE SIZE OF THE POPULATION
Managerial, supervisory, and rank-and-file employees vary significantly in numbers of
employees and contractors. Rank and-file employees have most numbers than the managerial
and supervisory position. Hence, forty (40) to fifty (50) per cent (%) of the managerial and
supervisory employees will be included in the survey since in EMS implementation, managerial
personnel are part of Grandfather clause and marked as high competency in ISO trainings,
internal and external audits and historical performance. For the rank-and-file including the
contractors, maximum of 60% will be covered considering their huge number which is around
three hundred (300) employees combined
Page | 32
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
ANALYSIS OF DATA
Since this study adapts descriptive approach, the parameters on awareness and effectiveness
level will be described in percentages using tables, graphs, and charts.
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Respondents profile was based on age, gender, the company they are working with, and their
respective positions in their company. This helps determine proper representations from different
age groups, sex, employment, and positions/ranks in the respective companies. Forty six per cent
(35%) of the respondents belong to age group 31 to 40 years old (Figure 1) mostly male (Figure
2). Regular employees of THPAL and its contractors were well-represented having more number
of respondents of THPAL (Figure 3). By employment position, rank-and-file employees (65%)
and supervisory (35%) made up most of the respondents but managerial positions took part as
well in the survey (Figure 4).
Fig. 1 Age Distribution of the Respondents
8%
32%
25%
35%
22-30 31-40 41-50 51-65
Page | 33
Fig. 2 Respondents Gender Distribution
40%
Male
60%
Female
Fig. 3 Distribution of Respondents based on

Company
40% THPAL
Contractors
60%
Fig. 4 Respondents Position and Ranking
12%
40% 15%
33%
Managers (JS3) JS 2 JS 1 RF
Page | 34
EMS AWARENESS AND EFFECTIVENESS
Employees were asked on their perception and understanding of the company’s environmental
programs considering the nature of its business being in mineral processing plant industry. This
was to measure how well they know that THPAL is an ISO 14001: 2015 certification and its
effectiveness. Ninety two (92) per cent of 150 respondents including Supervisory and Rank and
File employees said they were aware that THPAL implements environmental management
system (EMS) 14001 while eight per cent (8%) were not so sure of the ISO certification but were
certain that the company is dedicated to environmental protection on the basis of actual
experience being in the company. Ninety (90) per cent of the surveyed population said that
THPAL is dedicated to environmental protection to enhance environmental performance. Figure
5 shows the responses of the surveyed population.
Fig. 5 Level of Awareness and Effectiveness of

THPAL Environmental Programs
92% 90%
8%
85% 88%
A. THPAL is a certified ISO 14001:2015
B. THPAL implements environmental programs to enhance

environmental protection
C. THPAL imposes Environmental policy to all interested parties
D. I don't know about ISO 14001:2015 but informed of the

environmental programs
E. Combination of A to C
Page | 35
On a final note, respondents were asked on the objectives and purpose of ISO certification and
trainings and awareness conduct by THPAL to maintain the knowledge of the process owners in
addition to the environmental programs implemented all throughout the operations. Significant
number of respondents affirmed of the effectiveness of the implementation based on their level
of awareness. Fig. 6 shows that the respondents are well-informed of the objectives, purpose,
establishment of the environmental policies, conducts of trainings and re-awareness, and all the
environmental programs used by the operations. During the survey, the respondents have cited
examples of the implemented programs and enumerate the environmental policies that are part of
the morning routine tenets.
Fig. 6 over-all knowledge of Respondents on ISO 14001:2015 Implementation
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
Highly Knowledgeable
40%
Knowledgeable
30%
Fairly Knowledgeable
20%
10%
0%
Objectives Purpose Re-awareness Environmental
and Trainings Programs in the
Operation
Page | 36
RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
Generally, Organizations using ISO 14001 have found success across a range of areas, including
reduced energy and water consumption, a more systematic approach to legal compliance and an
improved overall environmental performance. The role of employees in the EMS implementation
is crucial. Likewise, their understanding is crucial to the implementation of EMS. Hence, based
on survey results, the following are recommended.
1. The survey result shows the better management of EMS implementation of THPAL
across its employees and contractors. Hence, the company must maintain the re-
awareness program to all employees and its contractors to fully inform about EMS core
and fundamentals.
2. Provide a layman-translated version of the Environmental Policies for distribution to all
contractors and for posting in strategic location in contractors facilities.
3. Provide a system evaluation more especially to all contractors that would measure EMS
adaptation and implementation within their entity.
4. Enhance the survey parameters already known to most employees. Understanding by one
hundred per cent (100%) of the employees is necessary towards achieving an improved
environment.
ISO 14001 certificate serves as a driver and reminder that it is everyone’s job to protect the
environment by preventing pollution and continually improving the air we breathe, the water we
drink, and the earth we inhabit. With EMS implementation in mining and mineral processing
plant industry, it is hoped that environmental awareness, good waste management practices, and
generally environmental protection will be integrated in a day to day lifestyle of all employees in
all ranks. This will create a good and positive impact to the environment.
Page | 37
REFERENCES
Australian Centre for Sustainable Mining Practices, 2011. A Guide to Leading Practice
Sustainable Development in Mining. Australia Department of Resources, Energy and
Tourism. Retrieved from:
http://www.industry.gov.au/resource/Documents/LPSDP/guideLPSD.pdf
C.J. Moran, CJ., Lodhia, S., Kunz, NC., Huisingh, D. (2014). Sustainability in mining,
minerals and energy: new processes, pathways and human interactions for a cautiously
optimistic future. Journal of Cleaner Production 84 (2014) 1e15.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.016
Castaneda, M.G., Martinez, C.P., Marte, R., Roxas, B. (2014). Explaining the
environmentally sustainable consumer behavior: a social capital perspective. Social
Responsibility Journal Vol. 11 No. 4 2015, pp. 658-676. DOI 10.1108/SRJ-02-2014
0019
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Administrative Order (DAO)
2015-07. Department of Environment and Natural Resources Office, Diliman, Quezon
City, Philippines.
Fowler, FJ. (2014). Survey Research Method. Fifth Ed. Center for Survey Research,
Page | 38
Univeristy of Michigan. SAGE Pubication, Inc.
https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=CR
MAQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=survey+research&ots=KOpjLXXUKT&sig=Q
NIEEFIoAAYwLWOY0iO3ZEiWYB0&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=survey%20resear
ch&f=false
Gavin M. Mudd, G.M., Jowitt, S.M., Werner, T.T. (2016). The world's lead-zinc mineral
resources: Scarcity, data, issues and opportunities. Ore Geology Reviews 80 (2017)
1160–1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.08.010.
https://explorable.com/survey-design
Jane Newborn. 2004. Chile’s Environmental Momentum: ISO 14001 and the large-scale
mining industry – Case studies from the state and private sector: Journal of Cleaner
Production 14(2006)248e. DOI 10.1016/j.jclero.2004.05.010
Kitney, M., Maxwell, P. (1996). Supporting major new nickel developments: can Western
Australia do it again?. Resources Policy. Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 347-358. 1996. Elsevier
Science Ltd.
Lèbre, E., Corder, GD., Golev, A. (2016). Sustainable practices in the management of mining
waste: A focus on the mineral resource. Minerals Engineering 107 (2017) 34–42.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2016.12.004
Management Approach (n.d.). Sumitomo Metal Mining. Retrieved from
https://www.smm.co.jp/E/csr/management/
Page | 39
Mazzi, A., Toniolo, S., Mason, M., Aguiari, F., Scipioni, A. (2016). What are the benefits
and difficulties in adopting an environmental management system? The opinion of
Italian organizations. Journal of Cleaner Production 139 (2016) 873e885.
Mudd, GM. (2010). Global trends and environmental issues in nickel mining: Sulfides versus
laterites. Ore Geology Reviews 38 (2010) 9–26. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2010.05.003
Nysten-Haarala, S., Klyuchnikova, E., Helenius, H. (2015). Law and self-regulation –
Substitutes or complements in gaining social acceptance? Resources Policy
45(2015)52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2015.02.008
Oliveira, JA., Oliveira, OJ., Ometto, AR., Ferraudo, AS., Salgado, MH. (2016).
Environmental Management System ISO 14001 factors for promoting the adoption of
Cleaner Production practices. Journal of Cleaner Production 133 (2016) 1384-1394.
Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. Non-Energy Minerals. Nikkel Asia. Retrived from
https://asia.nikkei.com/Companies/Sumitomo-Metal-Mining-Co.-Ltd
T. Prior, T., Giurco, D., Muddb, G. , Mason, L., Behrisch, J. (2011). Resource depletion,
peak minerals and the implications for sustainable resource management. Global
Environmental Change 22 (2012) 577–587. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.08.009
Page | 40
Taganito Hydrometallurgical Processing Plant. Taganito HPAL Nickel Corporation.
Retrieved from http://caraga.emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/THPAL.pdf
Ustad, BH. (2010). The Adoption and Implementation of Environmental Management System
in New Zealand Hotels: The Manager’s Perspective (Thesis Dissertation). Auckland
University Technology. Retrieved from www.dole.gov.ph
Page | 41
APPENDICES
Appendix 1. THPAL EMS Effectiveness and Awareness Survey Form
This survey was not designed to evaluate you as an individual employee but rather intends to
determine the level of awareness of the general population of THPAL employees and its
contractors’ with respect to the implementation of EMS and its effectiveness. It aims to identify
the gap in the implementation of EMS in order to address issues and take necessary actions when
needed.
Your participation and giving of honest answer will help THPAL to further its quest for better
environmental management.
Part 1. General Information:
Name (Optional) : ______________________________________
Age bracket : _____22-30 ; _____ 31-40 ; _____ 41-50 ; ____ 51-65
Gender : ______ Male _____ Female
To which Company belong? : ______ THPAL _____ Contractors
Position in the Company:
______ Managers (JS 3)
______ JS 2
______ JS 1
______ RF
Part 2. EMS Awareness Questions
1. What is ISO 14001:2015 Certification? ___________________________

____ Environmental Management System 2015
____ Integrated Management System 2015
____ I don’t know
2. Did you know the Environmental Objectives and Purpose of THPAL EMS?
____ Yes
____ No
3. Cite 1 environmental policy of THPAL? _____________________________.
4. Do you agree that improvement in Environmental Protection and Performance is the
primary purpose of THPAL EMS?
___ Yes, I agree
Page | 42
___ No, I don’t agree

___ Not necessary
5. Which of the following you think is the reason of THPAL in engaging into an EMS ISO
14001?
___ To improve environmental performance in the face of mineral processing plant
activities.
___ To pose a good picture in the industry in order to attract investors.
___ To comply with the government requirement.
___ Cost reduction.
___ I honestly don’t know.
6. Is the THPAL EMS Implementation effective?

____ Yes
____ No
7. Who is the overall responsible person for the management of EMS in THPAL?
___ The Environmental Manager
___ The Vice President for Operations
___ The Pollution Control Officer
___The Environmental Management Representative
___ The Administrative Manager
8. What is your role in EMS implementation?

___ Process Owners
___ Pollution Control Officer
___ Document Controller
___ Lead Document Controller
___ Internal Audit
___Training Support
9. Do you practice proper handling of your solid wastes as stipulated in the EMS procedure?
___ Yes, I always do.
___ No, because I don’t know what is the proper way.
___ I am not sure because I never heard of the EMS procedure.
10. How EMS influence your attitude towards managing your wastes?
___ I learned to practice to segregate compostable from non-compostable wastes.
___ I disposed my wastes similar ways I practiced ever since.
Page | 43
___ I dispose my waste any way I like
11. Do you believe that EMS implementation has significantly improved the mineral
processing plant environment where the company operates?
___ Yes
___ No
___ I have no idea
12. Rate your knowledge on THPAL EMS Implementation.
___ Highly Knowledgeable
___ Knowledgeable
___ Fairly Knowledgeable
13. Please give your overall comment / suggestion regarding EMS implementation.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR TIME AND SUPPORT!!!
Page | 44
Appendix 2. Summary of the Survey Result
1. What is ISO 14001:2015 certification?
Descriptions Environmental Management Integrated Management I don’t know
System 2015 System 2015
Score 130 6 14
Percentage 87 .04 9.3
2. Did you know the Environmental Objectives and Purpose of THPAL EMS?
Descriptions YES NO
Score 125 25
Percentage 83 17
3. Cite 1 environmental policy of THPAL? _____________________________.
Descriptions State correct Answers Those who leave it blank
Score 128 22
Percentage 85 15
4. Do you agree that improvement in Environmental Protection and Performance is the

primary purpose of THPAL EMS?
Descriptions Yes, I agree No, I don’t agree Not necessary
Score 138 12 0
Percentage 92 8 0
5. Which of the following you think is the reason of THPAL in engaging into an EMS
ISO 14001?
Page | 45
Description To improve To pose a good To comply I honestly
environmental picture in the with the don’t know
performance in industry in order government
the face of mineral to attract requirement
processing plant investors. and Cost
activities Reduction
Score 142 140 125 5

Percentage 94 93 83 .03
6. Is the THPAL EMS Implementation effective?
Descriptions YES NO
Score 148 2
Percentage 98 2
7. Who is the overall responsible person for the management of EMS in THPAL?
Descriptions Stated the Correct Answer Stated the Wrong Answer
Score 135 15
Percentage 90 10
8. What is your role in EMS implementation?

Descriptions Stated the Correct Answer Stated the Wrong Answer
Score 120 30
Percentage 80 20
Page | 46
9. Do you practice proper handling of your solid wastes as stipulated in the EMS
procedure?
Descriptions Yes, I always do. No, because I don’t I am not sure because
know what is the I never heard of the
proper way EMS procedure
Score 112 24 14
Percentage 74.6 16 9.4
10. How EMS influence your attitude towards managing your wastes?
Descriptions I learned to I disposed my I dispose my waste
practice to wastes similar ways any way I like
segregate I practiced ever
compostable since
from non-
compostable
wastes.
Score 124 26 0
Percentage 82.6 17.4 0
11. Do you believe that EMS implementation has significantly improved the mineral
processing environment where the company operates?
Descriptions Yes. No. I have no idea.
Score 136 14 0
Percentage 90.6 9.4 0
Page | 47
12. Rate your knowledge on THPAL EMS Implementation.
Descriptions Highly Knowledgeable Fairly
knowledgeable knowledgeable
Score 128 15 7
Percentage 85 10 5
Page | 48

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UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

ENRM 221 – Socio-Cultural Perspectives on the

1st Semester, AY 2020-2021

“SURVEY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS AND AWARENESS LEVEL OF

“Final Term Paper”

Prof. Rene B. Borromeo

PRESCIOUS LAIZA VERANO

CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

CHAPTER 11: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Review of Related Literature....................................................................................... 8

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

Survey Design ………………………………………………………………………. 15

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Analysis of Data ………………………………………………………………… . 33

Interpretation of Data …………………………………………………………… 33

CHAPTER I – THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Taganito HPAL Nickel Corporation, aka THPAL, is a subsidiary of Sumitomo Metal

exclusive supplier of limonite ore to Taganito HPAL Nickel Corporation (THPAL).

hydrometallurgical nickel processing plant has an expanded capacity of 36,000 tonnes of

social, and cultural well-being (Prior et. al., 2011).

BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH

competitive business platform.

shale, coal, sand and gravel.

The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Department Administrative

Environmental Management System (EMS) through a certification from the International

impacts, improve environmental performance, prevent pollution, increase regulatory compliance,

THE NEED OF EMS

With the growing Environmental awareness, compulsions and competition, it is

retain and enhance their share of growing international market.

Implementation of ISO 14001 proves the activities of organization (private or public) in

same time it looks upon different stakeholders.

environmental regulation, it is only those, who proactively seek to demonstrate environmental

enterprise adoption of “Environmental Charters” implementation of “Responsible Care

efforts in this direction.

Through ISO 14001 environment management has become important parameter in

Because of ISO 14001 implementation company has achieved following results:

1. Environment protection and thinking about it became significant part of company.

2. Company clearly recognized its significant aspects of environment.

4. Company follows systematically program and its realization.

achieved significant financial savings.

7. Company improved production technology to reduce environmental pollution.

Credibility comes in only when an independent, well respected, internationally

o Conserve, reuse and recycle materials

o Give preference to procurement of supplies made from recycled material where

o Protect ground - water from contamination

o Establish a Chemical Management Programme

o Ensure that required training is completed and documented

o Obtain and comply with permits

o Maintain records to track

o Identify and control potential environmental effects of products and processes

o Maintain and active community relations programmes on Environmental matters

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

in the SMM Group have acquired ISO 14001 certification.

implementation and towards achieving improvement in environmental performance.

regulations brought by government (local or national). Operational and management control

responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing,

achieving, reviewing and maintaining the environmental policy.

PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH

pollution and improvement of environmental performance. Ultimately, the improvement of