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Ben-Hur Valencia Valencia Balance de Materia Profesor Titular Universidad Nacional Una solucién acuosa contiene 60% en peso de Na2$203, (Na), junto con 1% de impurezas solubles, (I). Esta solucién se diluye con agua y se enfria hasta 10°C para que cistalice NazS203. 5 H20, (HNa). La Solubilidad de esta sal hidratada es de 1,4 libra de 'NazS203.5H20 por libra de agua libre. La pulpa se lleva a un Filtro, separéndose la solucién saturada. Los cistales de la sal hidratada arrastran 0,06 Ib de solucién/Ib de cristales. Estos se secan para eliminar el agua retenida (pero no el agua de hidratacién). Los Cristales Secos no deben contener mas de 0,1% de impurezas. Para 1000 Ib/h de solucién fresca, determinar: a) Grados de Libertad del Sistema Total. b) Flujo de agua de disolucién c) Porcentaje de Na2S203 recuperado en los cristales hidratados secos. SOLUCION: 1, DIAGRAMA CUALITATIVO: El Enfriador, el Cristalizador y el Filtro se colocan como una sola Unidad para simplificar et Diagrama.1. DIAGRAMA CUALITATIVO: El Enfriador, el Cristalizador y el Filtro se colocan como una sola Unidad para simplificar el Diagrama. te Cristales de m NNasS:03.54:0 © ‘ oO Solucion de enrrrapor — | _NavS:0s.5H:0 CRISTALIZADOR SECADOR Oy LTRO. © preci | Na2S20: SH:0 NasS:02, a1 609% deanatinite 0s: Impurezas, 196 hones Impurezas, 0.1% 16, 39% 00H Analisis del Proceso: Hay 4 componentes: Na:S203, NazS203.5H20, H:0 e Impurezas. Si se utilizaran para hacer balances por componente, deberia tenerse en cuenta la reaccién de formacién del hidrato: Na,S,0; + 5H,O -+ Na,S,03.5H,0Hay 4 componentes: NaxS03, NazS203.5H20, H20 e Impurezas. Si se utilizaran para hacer balances por componente, deberia tenerse en cuenta la reaccién de formacién del hidrato: NazS;0, + SH,0 + — Na,S;03.5H,0 2 Balance de Materia Ben-Hur Valencia Valencia Profesor Titulr Universidad Nacional Para obviar este inconveniente, los balances se hacen utilizando como componentes el NazS203, el H20 y las impurezas, y para hacerlo se debe expresar la composicién de las corrientes (4), (5) y (7) en funcién de ellos. Corriente (7): Estd formada por 99,9% del hidrato y 0,1% de Impurezas. Su composicién en funcién de los Componentes con los que se realizar el Balance de Materia se consigue a partir de ‘este dato y de las masas moleculares del tiosulfato de sodio y del hidrato: Na2S:0s, 158; NazS203.5 H20, 248. De la formula molecular del hidrato, +19 = 7% 70 100 = 6271De la formula molecular del hidrato, %H,0 = 22 * 100 = 36,29 %Na,S,0, = 3 * 100 = 63,71 EI 99,9% de la corriente (7) esté formado por el hidrato, y como se conoce su compésicion: Win,o,0,7 0/999 *0,6371 = 0,6364629 —wh,o= 0,999 ~ 0,3629 = 0,3625371 Corriente (4): Esté formada por una solucién saturada del pentahidrato e Impurezas. La solubilidad del pentahidrato es de 1,4 Ib de pentahidrato/Ib de agua libre. Por tanto, con 100 libras de agua libre habr4 140 libras de hidrato y una cantidad de libras de Impurezas desconocida, llamémosia x. La masa total de la soludén es la suma del hidrato, el agua y las impurezas: Masa Total = 240 + x Clasificando esta masa total en los tres componentes de la corriente, con las composiciones halladas para la corriente (7), se encuentra que: Masa de impurezas = x libras Masa de Agua Libre = 100 libras Masa de Hidrato = 140 libras, Masa de Aauaen el Hidrato = 0.3629 * 1401 ras = S0.806 librasMasa Total 240 + x Clasificando esta _masa total en los tres componentes de la corriente, composiciones halladas para la corriente (7), se encuentra que: ‘Masa de impurezas = x libras Masa de Agua Libre = 100 tibras Masa de Hidrato = 140 libras Masa de Aguaen el Hidrato = 0,3629* 140 libras = 50,806 tibras Masa de Agua Total = (100 + 50,806) libras = 150,806 libras Masa de Na2S:03 0,6371 * 140 libras = 89,194 libras Por tanto, la composicién de la corriente es:Por tanto, la composicién de la corriente es: Corriente 5: Est formada por cristales del hidrato y solucién saturada del mismo, en una cantidad de 0,06 libras de Solucién saturada/libra de hidrato. Acompafiando a 100 libras de cristales de hidrato secos, compuestas por Na2S:03 y agua, hay 6 libras de solucién, formada por NazS20s, agua e Impurezas. La composicién del hidrato seco es la misma hallada con su férmula molecular y la composicion de la solucién es Ia misma de la corriente (4). ‘Se obtiene la masa de cada uno de los tres componentes y con Ia masa total, 106 libras, se obtene la fraccién masica de cada uno: Masa de Agua = Aguaen los cristales dei hidrato + Aguaen la solucién6 * 150,806 Masa de Agua = 0,3629* 100 + de +6 = 36,29 + La fraccién masica de agua es: . _ 36,29 + &.7,150,000 who ios Masa de NazS203 = NazS.03en los cristales del hidrato_+_Na2Sz03 en la solucién. See saea de No.0, = 0.6871 +100 + (22194 2g oe eee150,806 , 6 150,806 Masa de Agua = 0,3629* 100 + 6 = 36,29 + res ore tan trecién rndstca de agua es: 3029 + 93,350,006 = 106 Masa de NaxS202 = NaxS202 en los cristales del hidrato_+ NaxS:02 en la solucién. - 89,194 Masa de Na,S,05 = 0,6371*100 + 22494 «6 La reccién mésica de NaxS:03 es: Wie, s.05 = 06 ‘Masa de Impurezas = Impurezas de la soludénMasa de I= san *6 La fraccién mésica de las Impurezas es: 6*x wp = 20% 106 Con el flujo de entrada, 1000 libras/hora, y la composicién, se conoce que entran al Proceso 600 Ib/h de Na:S203; 390 Ib/h de H20 y 10 Ib/h de I, valores que se colocan en el Diagrama. 2. DIAGRAMA CUANTITATIVO: Puede verse en la pagina siguiente. 3. RELACIONES: No hay.e nit + Sagat Fho 106 Fho 36,29 + 85,150,806 t Qe ENFRiADOR | “ho 108 © CRISTALI- (wi) = SADOR ECA DOR FILTRO © 7 F ? Win= 0,6364629 89,104 whowo.3625371 wig= B24. feo"0. 240+ x (wi=0,001) 150,806 Who" 240 + x ow) 4. GRADOS DE LIBERTAD DEL PROCESO:4. GRADOS DE LIBERTAD DEL PROCESO: NVI: 17 hae Fluo Fl, Fi, 101 Fas Flor Fs Fs Whar Wor Fs Whe MByor Ce NBMI: 9. (Mezclador: 3 (Na, I, H:0} Enfriador: 3 (Nay I, H:0); Secador: 3 (Na, 1, H:0)) 3 (Fig = 600; Fi, = 390; Fi = 10) 5 Whe = 0,6364629; wi, =0,3625371, Whar Whkor Wher Who. De las cuatro tltimas solo se conocen 3 porque estan en funcion dex) Re: 0 Se halla el Nimero de Incdgnitas y el NUimero de Ecuaciones en el Proceso. La diferencia entre ellos debe ser igual al valor calculado para los Grados de Libertad, corroborando su Ben-Hur Valencia Valencia Balance de Materia Profesor Titular Universidad Nacionalon-Hur Valencia Valencia Balance de Materis Profesor Titlar Universidad Nacional Gélaulo. Ademés, con el nimero de earaciones se conoce la magnitud del sistema que debe piantearse y resolver para conocer las Variables de Corriente del Proceso. INCOGNITAS = (NVI - NFC- NCC) = 17-3-5 = 9 ECUACIONES = (NBMI + NRC) = 9 +0 = 9 Los dos valores son iguales. El Proceso esta correctamente especificado. Debe resolverse tun sistema de 9 ea1adones con 9 incdgnitas para hallar los flujos desconocidos. se de Célculo: 1 hora. 5. ECUACIONES DEL PROCESO: Ecuaciones en el Mezciador: Total: Fla + + Fo = Fo + Fa + + Fo Fle + Fi + Fito = Fixo + 1000 @ Na: Fao= Fle Fle _= 600 @ Ho: Fho+ Ret= _ovy vy “ H20: Fo = Flo + Fix Flo = 390+ Fho @ Ecuaciones en el Cristalizador: Naz We + WR = FR 6* 89,194 108 4, Ot ODE Dis Lop “ (40 +) ee Fro Ho: whoF! + whoF® = Filo 6 * 150,806 150,806 ep, 26294 Ga “fF - # (5) a0 +H Somes Oemmen ecTotal: ee er © Ecuaciones en el Secador: = Whe F” Wie 6 99,194 63,71 + 0.636620 67 = 927) * GAO FX) aps ” 106 too: Fo + WhoF” = Who F S , _ 3aae + Sess e08 S fo + 0,3625371 7 = i “s Total Fro + F r © 6. LA SOLUCION AL SISTEMA DE ECUACIONES ES: Fi,o = 189,0460 10,0000 Fite 600,0000, Fko = 579.0460 542,893031 = 646,1520 Fue = 149768 P = 631,1756 x= 42144554Fi,o = 579,0460 F = 542,893931 P= 646,1520 ; Fo = 14,9764 F = 631,1756 x= 4,2144554 Reemplazando el valor obtenido para la masa de Impurezas, x, las fraciones masicas de las corrientes (4) y (5) son: Why = 0,3652282 who = 0,6175146 wf = 0,0172572 Wig = 0,6217110 Who = 03773121 w? = 0,0009769 7. RESUMEN DEL BALANCE DE MATERIA: COMPONENTES. Fuu208 MASI 1 2 3 NaxS03 {600,0000 60,0000 #20 390,0000[ _184,5129|_579,0460 Impurezas 10,0000 10,0000 TOTAL| — 1000,0000| _184,5129| 189,060 ?fen-Hur Valencia Valencia Balance de Materia Profesor Titular Universidad Naconal FLUIOS MASICOS COMPONENTES x : z $ NaaS203, 98,2802 | __401,7198 | ___—— 40,7199) 20 335,2449 | __243,8010 14,9764| 2288246 Impurezas, 9,3688 0,6312 0,6312 TOTAL 42,8939 | 646,1520 14,9764| _631,1756 Porcentaje de Recuperacién de Na2S202 en los cristales pentahidratados secos. FR % Recuperado = SM 100 401,719 % Recuperado = “Sar * 100 = 66,9533%
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