V AP O R P R ES SU R E T E S T E R

MI N I V AP V P
SER VI C E M A NU A L

ABSOLUTE VAPOR PRESSURE

REID-EQUIVALENT VAPOR PRESSURE
ASTM D5191
ASVP and VAPOR PRESSURE ACCORDING
EN xyz

GRABNER INSTRUMENTS MESSTECHNIK

GES.MBH
Dr.-Otto-Neurath-Gasse 1
A-1220 Vienna
Phone (1) 282 16 27 - 200 Service Hotline
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. CALIBRATION ................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. CALIBRATION OF THE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT OF THE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER ....................... 1
1.2. CHECK OF THE CALIBRATION VALUES OF THE TEMPERATURE ............................................................. 2
2. TEST FEATURES............................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 ADJUSTMENT AND CONTROL OF THE OVEN CONTROLLER ................................................................... 4
2.1.1 Adjustment of the span of the oven controller ....................................................................... 5
2.2 LINEARISATION AND COMPENSATION OF THE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER: .............................................. 6
2.3 READING THE VALUES OF THE PLOT .................................................................................................. 9
2.4 PERMANENT STORAGE OF THE CALIBRATION DATA .......................................................................... 10
2.5 MEASUREMENT COUNTER AND PRESSURE THRESHOLD.................................................................... 10
3. MAINTENANCE................................................................................................................................ 12
3.1 CHECK OF POSSIBLE LEAKS ............................................................................................................ 12
3.2 CHECK OF THE COOLING AND HEATING BEHAVIOR ............................................................................ 12
4. TEST MEASUREMENTS ................................................................................................................. 13
4.1. CALIBRATION WITH N-PENTANE ..................................................................................................... 13
4.2. MEASUREMENT WITH CLEAN SOLUTION .......................................................................................... 14
4.3. DVPE-MEASUREMENTS................................................................................................................ 14
5. TROUBLE SHOOTING..................................................................................................................... 15
5.1. EXCHANGING THE MEASURING CELL ASSEMBLY WITH PLATINUM RESISTOR ....................................... 15
6. SETUP FOR DELIVERY................................................................................................................... 16
6.1. SETUP .......................................................................................................................................... 16
7. VAPOR PRESSURE OF PURE COMPOUNDS .............................................................................. 17
1. CALIBRATION

1.1. Calibration of the temperature measurement of the pressure transducer

The temperature of the measuring head is measured with the temperature coefficient of resistance
bridge of the pressure transducer.

Prior to the installation of the pressure transducer the temperature coefficient of the resistor bridge is
evaluated in a special thermostat at 10 and 40 ΕC.
The value for the gain is evaluated from this measurement with the following formulae:

Gain = [(T40 - T10) * 100] / [(R40 - R10)/R *ADC]

R = 3 k5 (instead of pressure transducer)
ADC = ADC value in the unit

In the factory calibration menu

****************************************

3 *OK *Z Zero= 0 Gain= 4.6200E 0
ADC= 13612 T(Rb)= 20.02 [C]
****************************************

the computed value for the gain is programmed.

The correct adjustment of the temperature reading is done by thermostating the measuring head with
the special designed thermostat and adjusting the temperature reading with Zero. If there is no
special thermostat at hand, measurement of the room temperature is sufficient, if the measuring head
is left outside the oven for a longer time to achieve temperature equilibrium with ambient.

Afterwards, the whole measuring head is regulated by the measuring head regulation to 25 C , Zero is
set to 2500. Shift the cursor to *Z and press TASK. T(Rb) shows approx. 25.00 C. Store the
calibration by pressing TASK with the cursor on *OK.

1
1.2. Check of the calibration values of the temperature

This menu is only for checking and completition of the test sheet of the calibration values and also for
regaining the original calibration values.

Shift the cursor in the calibration menu to 0

**********************************************

0 *OK *Z Zero= 0 Gain= 7.2180E-1
ADC= 1319 p= 99,2 [kPa]
**********************************************

an increase the number to 1 to switch-on the calibration menu for the oven temperature:

**********************************************

1 *OK *Z Zero= 0 Gain=-1,0957E 0
ADC= -2828 T= 19.86 [C]
**********************************************

Read the values for *Z, Zero and Gain and write them into the test sheet.

Shift the cursor in the calibration menu to 0

**********************************************

0 *OK *Z Zero= 0 Gain= 5,2180E-1
ADC= 1319 p= 99,2 (kPa)
**********************************************

and increase the value to 2 (with the 8 key). Now you have entered the calibration menu for the
sample temperature.

**********************************************

2 *OK *Z Zero= 0 Gain= 1,0957E 0
ADC= -2828 T= 19.86 [C]
**********************************************

Read the values for *Z, Zero and Gain and write them into the test sheet.

2
2. TEST FEATURES

This test features are mainly installed for use in the manufacturing facility.
Please be very careful when changing numbers for compensation and linearisation. Practically
all numbers in this menus should only be changed when the pressure transducer or the oven
has to be exchanged. This numbers are evaluated in our laboratories and will be given to the
part for exchange. Please be careful when you exchange a part without having this numbers.

The test features are always set in Celsius and kPa.

There is a special menu in MINIVAP-VP for testing and adjustment.

Starting from the initial menu

****************************************
CCA-VP VERS. 1,xx 25/08/1990 09:37

ABS *memory *setup
****************************************

Depress 9 together with RUN (first 9 and then RUN), the display changes to

****************************************

caution *factory calibration
*Tcal Vers. 1.## 23:06:90
****************************************

The date in this menu is the date when the software version was written.

Move the cursor to the digits after *Tcal, (not visible, but cursor stops) and program the code number
162

****************************************

caution *factory calibration
*Tcal 162 Vers. 1.## 23:06:90
****************************************

and press TASK to initialize the TEST mode. The cursor jumps to the 7. Press TASK again to switch
back to the initial menu.

****************************************
CCA-VP VERS. 1,xx 25/08/1990 09:37

ABS *memory *setup
****************************************

The TEST mode is disabled when the instrument is switched off and on.

When the instrument is opened for the TEST mode (does not show on the display) and in the start-up
mode key 8 and RUN are depressed together, the test-modes are initialized.

3
2.1 Adjustment and control of the oven controller

If the instrument is set in TEST-Mode and 8 and RUN is pressed together, it shows the test features
for adjustment of the oven controller.

****************************************
CCA-VP VERS. 1,xx 25/08/1990 09:37

ABS *memory *setup
****************************************

****************************************

P= 0.750 I= 87% r= 6( 6) Ts= 30.00 C
* Th= 22.87(8+ -1) Tz= 30.1 To= 30.00
****************************************

The constants of the temperature controller are shown and the temperature regulation can be
observed with the high resolution of 0.01 C.

P constant of the proportional part (can be preset)

I constant of the integral part (can be preset)
r regulator output (in brackets the integral part)
Ts set temperature (can be preset in STOP, is set during RUN)
To furnace temperature
Tz temperature of the pressure cell
Th temperature of the measuring head
brackets: first number: pressure compensation due to liquid column [hPa] (see 2.2.)
second number: pressure transducer temperature compensation [hPa] (see 2.2.)

If you have initialized the test mode, you can switch into this menu during "RUN" and monitor the
regulator of the oven and also the pressure transducer compensation. The measuring program is not
interrupted.

ATTENTION: The set temperature remains at the temperature also after leaving the menus.
Switching-off the unit, Ts is set to the injection temperature.

4
2.1.1 Adjustment of the span of the oven controller

The maximum span of the oven controller determines the power consumption of the peltier elements.
If the power consumption of the elements is too high during cooling down, the air cooler elements
cannot dissipate the heat well enough and the hot side temperature of the peltiers becomes too warm.
Since only a limited temperature difference can be achieved, the lowest temperature of the oven is
degraded. Limiting the span of the regulator will lower the power consumption and therefor the heat
dissipation. Cooling is slowed down, but the low temperature limit will be lower. This does not have
much influence, when the instrument is prechilled with tap water.

If the instrument is set in TEST-Mode

****************************************
CCA-VP VERS. 1,xx 25/08/1990 09:37

ABS *memory *setup
****************************************

and 8 and RUN is pressed together, it shows the test features for adjustment of the oven controller.

****************************************

P= 0.750 I= 87% r= 6( 6) Ts= 30.00 C
* Th= 22.87(8+ -1) Tz= 30.1 To= 30.00
****************************************

shift the cursor to * in the second line and press TASK

****************************************

*pLcal *Mon lim hi= 255 lo=-220
*copyCal Koven=##### Kprobe=#####
****************************************

lim hi span positive: Heating

lo span negative: Cooling. If too high, too much power dissipation.

5
2.2 Linearisation and compensation of the pressure transducer:

The pressure transducer is of highest quality available but there are still some possibilities of
performance enhancement. Linearity is typically 0.5%, which means a maximum deviation from a
straight curve of 50 hPa. Using state of the art technology, the linearity can be improved by linear
interpolation between calibration points. This high accuracy needs a very high accurate pressure
standard, e.g. a dead weight pressure balance.
Another source of wrong pressure reading is the fact, that during the measurement the measuring
head changes its temperature slightly. This leads to a small deviation from zero. Measuring the
temperature of the measuring head, which is done via the resistance bridge of the piezoresistive
pressure transducer, a correction can be performed in the software.
Due to the measuring arrangement, leaving the measuring head at room temperature and having the
connection tubing to the pressure chamber below the liquid level because of condensation, a small
deviation occurs. As long as the temperature of the pressure cell is below room temperature, the
vapor pressure in the measuring head (being at room temperature, is higher and in the connection
tubing is only gas.
Rising the temperature of the measuring cell above the temperature of the measuring head, the liquid
in the pressure chamber is pressed up to the pressure transducer producing a liquid column in the
connection tubing. This column with a length of 8 cm reduces the pressure reading approx. 8 hPa.
Monitoring the temperature of the measuring head enables to add sequentially this 8 hPa to the
pressure reading in a temperature range around room temperature.
Finally, there is a slight source of error due to the double injection. The volume of the pressure cell for
the dissolved gases is reduced partly by the second injection. Partly, because the liquid is still
containing gas and therefor does not behave like a complete volume reduction. This percentage of
dead volume can be preset.
If the instrument is set in TEST-Mode

****************************************
CCA-VP VERS. 1,xx 25/08/1990 09:37

ABS *memory *setup
****************************************

and 8 and RUN is pressed together, it shows the test features for adjustment of the oven controller

****************************************

P= 0.750 I= 87% r= 6( 6) Ts= 30.00 C
* Th= 22.87(8+ -1) Tz= 30.1 To= 30.00
****************************************

Shift the cursor to * in the second line and press TASK

****************************************

*pLcal *Mon lim hi= 255 lo=-220
*copyCal Koven=##### Kprobe=#####
****************************************

6
Shift the cursor to *pLcal and press TASK

****************************************

*OK Nr:0 pi= 200.0 ps= 200.0 [kPa]
KpTk= 340 [ppm/C] (T=Tk-20)
****************************************

Nr:# number of the linearisation table entry (0 to 4)

pi= uncorrected value for pressure reading
ps= equivalent corrected value for pressure reading
These values are obtained by comparison of the pressure reading with a high
precision pressure tester (e.g. deadweight balance).
KpTk= temperature coefficient of the pressure transducer (value supplied with the
replacement transducer)

Linearisation of the pressure transducer:

Typically, the linearisation is 0.5 % (this means a maximum deviation of 5 kPa). Entering a
linearisation curve and a linear interpolation, it is possible to avoid also this small inaccuracy.

To determine the non-linearity, you can use a dead weight pressure balance. You must program at
minimum five pairs of points that are measured by the dead weight pressure balance.

Nr:0 pi= 200.0 ps= 200.0 [kPa]

Nr:1 pi= 299,7 ps= 300.0 [kPa]
Nr:2 pi= 398,9 ps= 400.0 [kPa]
Nr:3 pi= 497,3 ps= 500.0 [kPa]
Nr:4 pi= 596,7 ps= 600.0 [kPa]

pi ... uncorrected pressure reading

ps ... desired value (determined by the dead weight pressure balance)

Temperature coefficient kpTk:

To compensate a small temperature coefficient of the sensibility of the pressure transducer, a

temperature coefficient can be adjusted.
The thermostat is put on the measuring head and the pressure of approx. 500 kPa (exert to pressure
by the dead weight pressure balance) is measured at 2 different temperatures (20 and 50 C) of the
pressure transducer. Afterwards, the sensibility of the temperature coefficient is determined.

KpTk =(delta p/delta T)/(p x 1000)

The temperature coefficient is entered in the following menu:

**********************************************

*OK Nr:# pi= ###,# ps= ###,# [kPa]
KpTk=#### [ppm/C] (T=Tk-20)
**********************************************

Enter the test mode and the initializing menu:

**********************************************
CCA-VP VERS. 1,xx 25.08.1990 09:37

ABS *memory *setup
**********************************************

Press 8 and RUN together and you reach the test features for the adjustment of the oven regulator:

7
 **********************************************

P= 0.750 I= 87% r= 6( 6) Ts= 30.00 C
* Th= 22.87(8+ -1) Tz= 30.1 To= 30.00
**********************************************

Shift the cursor to the number (8) of Th= ##.##(8+ 0). Pressing 9 is switching-off the correction of the
liquid column.

**********************************************

P= 0.750 I= 87% r= 6( 6) Ts= 30.00 C
* Th= 22.87(off ) Tz= 30.1 To= 30.00
**********************************************

Pressing 8 is switching-on the correction.

8
2.3 Reading the values of the plot

To read the values of the data to be plotted the following menu can be used:

When the instrument is in test mode

****************************************
CCA-VP VERS. 1,xx 25/08/1990 09:37

ABS *memory *setup
****************************************

press 8 and RUN together to open the menu for the oven controller

****************************************

P= 0.750 I= 87% r= 6( 6) Ts= 30.00 C
* Th= 22.87(8+ -1) Tz= 30.1 To= 30.00
****************************************

Cursor on * in the second line brings:

****************************************

*pLcal *Mon lim hi= 255 lo=-220
*copyCal Koven=##### Kprobe=#####
****************************************

shift the cursor to *Mon and press TASK.

****************************************

Plotval nr. ### = ##### [hPa]
Location nr.#####= ##
****************************************

scan through the numbers with 8 and 9

The corresponding values are displayed at = ######

9
2.4 Permanent storage of the calibration data

After finishing the calibration with the quartz thermometer, the calibration data are stored in a
separate range of the EE-PROM for a later reading.
Enter the test mode and the initialization menu:

**********************************************
CCA-VP VERS. 1,xx 25.08.1990 09:37

ABS *memory *setup
**********************************************

Press and RUN and you reach the test features for the adjustment of the oven regulator.

**********************************************

P= 0.750 I= 87% r= 6( 6) Ts= 30.00 C
* Th= 22.87(8+ -1) Tz= 30.1 To= 30.00
**********************************************

Shift the cursor to * in the second line.

**********************************************

*pLcal *Mon lim hi= 255 lo=-220
*copyCal Koven=##### Kprobe=#####
**********************************************

Shift the cursor to *copyCal and press TASK. Switch back to the initialization menu. Now the factory
calibration values are stored in the EEPROM.

Regaining the original calibration value: see operation manual

2.5 Measurement counter and pressure threshold

In the setup menu shift the cursor to *preset and press TASK.

****************************************

T=[F] p=[psi] english *preset
*loc *com *clk display= 15
****************************************

****************************************

Tinj = ### [C] solubility= ## [%]
Equilibrium time = #### [sec]
****************************************

Move the cursor to the end of the second line and press TASK.

****************************************

delta =2.00kPa
nr. meas.: ###
****************************************

delta= ... pressure threshold for EN measurement. After the equilibrium time the
pressure reading should not change more than 2.0 kPa within one
minute. Otherwise the equilibrium time will be extended until the
pressure change is less than 2.0kPa.

nr. meas: ... number of performed measurements

10
The measurement counter can be reset if the code 163 is programmed in the following menu:
In the start up menu press 9 and RUN, shift the cursor in the second line and program the code 163.

****************************************

caution *factory calibration
*Tcal 163 Vers. 1.## 23:06:90
****************************************

Press TASK, shift the cursor back into the *setup and *preset menu and enter the menu of the
measuring counter. Exit and enter it again. Now the measurement counter is set to zero.

11
3. MAINTENANCE

3.1 Check of possible leaks

Connect vacuum
Turn valve several times between V and F and stay at M
Check the pressure increase (max 0.5 kPa in 3 min.)

Possibilities for bad vacuum behavior:

Residuals in the measuring cell (evacuate longer)
Bad O-ring at the measuring cell (replace)
Bad O-ring insertion
Valve leaking (tighten valve packing)
O-ring below valve bad
O-ring of platinum assembly bad
O-ring of pressure transducer
Leak in the connection tubing

3.2 Check of the cooling and heating behavior (Test sheet: test thermostat)

Cool the instrument with tap water.

For comparison purposes, the temperature of the water should be approx. 13 C.
Monitor the water temperature with a thermometer
Wait for approx. 10 minutes to adjust the temperature of the cooling element to the
temperature of the water.

Testing procedure:
Start the measuring program with an initial temperature of - 50 ΕC
The unit tries to cool down to this temperature (it is not possible with a water cooling of 13 C).
Wait apr. 20 min to achieve the lowest temperature possible. The delta-T for cooling
(=minimum temperature - temperature of the cooling element) can be recorded in the test
sheet.
The program can be interrupted by pressing STOP.

To check delta-T heating, repeat the procedure with an initial temperature of 150 ΕC
If the instrument is ok, it will reach this 150 C

Values for delta-T: cooling: -26C to -32 C

heating: at least 132 C

12
4. TEST MEASUREMENTS

4.1. Calibration with n-Pentane

This feature was built-in for our customers to enable them the possibility of a calibration at high
temperatures without using a quartz thermometer.
In the quality control, this automatic calibration is done only for controlling purposes.

The fully automatic calibration procedure is installed for Celsius only.

The injection temperature Tinj is 30 C.

The filling volume is 2 x1 ml.

In the initializing menu

**********************************************
CCA-VP VERS. 1,xx 25.08.1990 09:37

ABS *memory *setup
**********************************************

shift the cursor to *Absolut and press TASK to switch-on the measuring method for absolute vapor
pressure. Increase the program number No: to C1.

**********************************************

Nr:C1 *CAL-nPentan Ta= 30 C Te=100 C
I= 5C:2 C/min v1=v2=1.0 ml Tp1=*****C
**********************************************

Evacuate the measuring cells and fill 1 ml n-Pentane each according to the filling procedure.

*******************************************************
Use clean, water-free n-Pentane only.
*******************************************************

After the filling procedure, please pay attention to the gas correction Pgas that should be at approx. 7
kPa (depending on the sample temperature). If the deviation of the gas correction is higher, the
program should be interrupted since in this case a calibration is not useful.

The whole measurement is done according to the determination of the absolute vapor pressure. If a
printer is connected, the measured values are printed. After reaching the final temperature, the oven
regulates the cell temperature (after an equilibrium time of 3 minutes) in such a way that the
theoretical absolute vapor pressure of n-Pentane is reached. The necessary temperature is shown at
the display.

After the measuring program, the following display appears:

**********************************************
PREG *OK To=100.6 C Tp=100.5 C
Pabs=589.3 Pgas= 13.4 Ptot=367.7 kPa
**********************************************

PREG means that the automatic regulation of the oven temperature is done due to a balance of the
absolute vapor pressure to the desired value.
The oven and sample temperature at the first CAL-procedure after calibration of the thermometer will
between 100.1 C and 100.9 C.

13
Literature values for the absolute vapor pressure of n-Pentane:
100 C ... 589.3 kPa
80 C ... 367.1 kPa
38 C ... 108.1 kPa

Possible reasons for deviations:

measuring cell leaky
direct calibration inexactly
temperature coupling not well (cell stop inside the oven is not adjusted well, not greased)
calibration sample is not well injected (gas correction)

After the calibration procedure, press not TASK at *OK.

The deviation that are recognized during the calibration must be filled into the test sheet.

4.2. Measurement with clean solution

from 0 C to 100 C with 2 x 1 ml sample volume with n-Pentane and Methanol.

Sample volume: v1 = v2 = 0,5 ml
At all programs, the behavior of the oven should be observed.

1. Step 5 C, Rate 2 C/min

2. Step 10 C, Rate off

step programs give the best literature values

4.3. DVPE-measurements

with neo-Hexane

Documentation: 1 DVPE measurement with neo-Hexane

14
5. TROUBLE SHOOTING

5.1. Exchanging the measuring cell assembly with Platinum resistor

1. Remove the black cover of the pressure transducer held by 2 screws on the bottom side.

2. On the opposite side of the pressure transducer the 2 wires of the Pt100 are visible.
Remove the black tube which is for the insulation of the soldering joint and lose the
connection.

3. Unscrew the 4 screw holding the Pt100 assembly on the measuring head.

4. Exchange the Pt100 assembly, fix it with the 4 screws on the measuring head and connect
the Pt100 by soldering the 2 wires (do not forget to insulate).

5. Fix the black cover above the measuring head.

6. Perform a calibration of the Pt100.

15
6. SETUP FOR DELIVERY

6.1. Setup

****************************************
CCA-VP VERS. 1,xx 25/08/90 09:37

ABS *memory *setup
****************************************

Österreich, BRD, Schweiz

220 V AC
1 AT

****************************************

T=(C) p=(kPa)
Deutsch *preset
*loc. *com *clk *format *display= 10
****************************************

England, Holland, Dänemark, Norwegen, Schweden, Italien

220 V AC
1 AT

****************************************

T=(C) p=(kPa)
Deutsch *preset
*loc. *com *clk *format *display= 10
****************************************

Frankreich
220 V AC
1 AT

****************************************

T=(C) p=(kPa)
Francaice *preset
*loc. *com *clk *format *display= 10
****************************************

USA
120 V AC
2 AT

****************************************

T=(F) p=(psi)
English *preset
*loc. *com *clk *format *display= 10
****************************************

JAPAN
100 V AC
2 AT

****************************************

T=(C) p=(ata)
English *preset
*loc. *com *clk *format *display= 10
**********************************************

16
7. VAPOR PRESSURE OF PURE COMPOUNDS

Vapor Pressure of Pure Solvents

P/T-Behavior

Vapor
Pressure kPa

Temp., ΕC n-Pentane n-Hexane Benzol Methanol Ethanol

-20 9,02 1,86 1,00 1,00 0,34

-15 11,77 2,55 1,40 1,45 0,51

-10 15,18 3,45 1,93 2,07 0,76

-5 19,37 4,59 2,62 2,90 1,11

±0 24,44 6,04 3,51 4,01 1,59

5 30,54 7,85 4,64 5,48 2,25

10 37,82 10,09 6,07 7,39 3,14

15 46,43 12,83 7,84 9,84 4,32

20 56,54 16,16 10,02 12,97 5,87

22 61,04 17,67 11,03 14,44 6,62

24 65,82 19,30 12,11 16,05 7,44

25 68,31 20,16 12,69 16,91 7,89

30 81,95 24,94 15,91 21,84 10,47

35 97,65 30,60 19,77 27,94 13,76

37,8 107,41 34,19 22,25 31,95 15,96

40 115,60 37,25 24,37 35,43 17,90

45 136,02 45,02 29,79 44,55 23,06

50 159,13 54,03 36,16 55,57 29,45

55 185,15 64,43 43,59 68,81 37,28

60 214,31 76,35 52,18 84,59 46,82

80 367,08 142,40 101,00 181,07 108,23

100 589,28 245,94 180,02 354,31 226,12

17
 Vapor Pressure of Pure Solvents

P/T-Behavior

Vapor
Pressure psi

Temp., ΕF n-Pentane n-Hexane Benzol Methanol Ethanol

10 2.080 0.467 0.260 0.277 0.100

20 2.653 0.623 0.354 0.389 0.147

30 3.405 0.836 0.484 0.549 0.217

40 4.341 1.112 0.656 0.773 0.316

50 5.483 1.463 0.880 1.072 0.455

60 6.901 1.915 1.173 1.478 0.651

70 8.562 2.465 1.534 1.999 0.911

80 10.573 3.155 1.995 2.687 1.226

90 12.900 3.980 2.555 3.554 1.726

100 15.574 4.958 3.226 4.633 2.314

110 18.737 6.150 4.055 6.010 3.088

120 22.328 7.541 5.035 7.694 4.057

130 26.426 9.172 6.199 9.757 5.275

140 31.075 11.070 7.566 12.266 6.789

150 37.032 13.564 9.384 15.719 8.920

160 43.176 16.203 11.330 19.529 11.329

170 48.240 18.955 13.380 23.651 13.988

180 56.628 22.179 15.800 28.686 17.281

190 65.362 26.173 18.823 35.133 21.651

200 74.369 30.380 22.035 42.192 26.414

210 83.584 34.765 25.410 49.794 31.681

18