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    Function Transformations: Just Like Transformations in Geometry, We Can Move and Resize The Graphs of Functions

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    Kez Max
    - Functions can be transformed by adding or multiplying constants to shift, stretch, compress, or flip the graph vertically or horizontally. - Shifting vertically is done by adding a constant C to the function, where C>0 moves the graph up and C<0 moves it down. - Shifting horizontally is done by adding a constant C to x in the function, where C>0 moves the graph left and C<0 moves it right. - Stretching or compressing vertically is done by multiplying the whole function by a constant C, where C>1 stretches and 0<C<1 compresses. - Stretching or compressing horizontally is done by multiplying x by a constant C

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    Function Transformations: Just Like Transformations in Geometry, We Can Move and Resize The Graphs of Functions

    Uploaded by

    Kez Max
    29 views8 pages
    - Functions can be transformed by adding or multiplying constants to shift, stretch, compress, or flip the graph vertically or horizontally. - Shifting vertically is done by adding a constant C to the function, where C>0 moves the graph up and C<0 moves it down. - Shifting horizontally is done by adding a constant C to x in the function, where C>0 moves the graph left and C<0 moves it right. - Stretching or compressing vertically is done by multiplying the whole function by a constant C, where C>1 stretches and 0<C<1 compresses. - Stretching or compressing horizontally is done by multiplying x by a constant C

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    Function Transformations

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    - Functions can be transformed by adding or multiplying constants to shift, stretch, compress, or flip the graph vertically or horizontally. - Shifting vertically is done by adding a constant C to the function, where C>0 moves the graph up and C<0 moves it down. - Shifting horizontally is done by adding a constant C to x in the function, where C>0 moves the graph left and C<0 moves it right. - Stretching or compressing vertically is done by multiplying the whole function by a constant C, where C>1 stretches and 0<C<1 compresses. - Stretching or compressing horizontally is done by multiplying x by a constant C

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    29 views8 pages

    Function Transformations: Just Like Transformations in Geometry, We Can Move and Resize The Graphs of Functions

    Uploaded by

    Kez Max
    - Functions can be transformed by adding or multiplying constants to shift, stretch, compress, or flip the graph vertically or horizontally. - Shifting vertically is done by adding a constant C to the function, where C>0 moves the graph up and C<0 moves it down. - Shifting horizontally is done by adding a constant C to x in the function, where C>0 moves the graph left and C<0 moves it right. - Stretching or compressing vertically is done by multiplying the whole function by a constant C, where C>1 stretches and 0<C<1 compresses. - Stretching or compressing horizontally is done by multiplying x by a constant C

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Function Transformations

    Just like Transformations in Geometry, we can move and resize the graphs of functions

    Let us start with a function, in this case it is f(x) = x2, but it could be
    anything:

    f(x) = x2

    Here are some simple things we can do to move or scale it on the graph:

    We can move it up or down by adding a constant to the y-value:

    g(x) = x2 + C

    Note: to move the line down, we use a negative value for C.

     C > 0 moves it up
     C < 0 moves it down

    We can move it left or right by adding a constant to the x-value:


    g(x) = (x+C)2

    Adding C moves the function to the left (the negative direction).


    Why? Well imagine you will inherit a fortune when your age=25. If you change
    that to (age+4) = 25 then you will get it when you are 21. Adding 4 made it
    happen earlier.

     C > 0 moves it left


     C < 0 moves it right

    BUT we must add C wherever x appears in the function (we


    are substituting x+C for x).

    Example: the function v(x) = x3 - x2 + 4x

    To move C spaces to the left, add C to x wherever x appears:

    w(x) = (x + C)3 − (x + C)2 + 4(x + C)

    An easy way to remember what happens to the graph when we add a constant:

    add to y to go high


    add to x to go left

     
    We can stretch or compress it in the y-direction by multiplying the
    whole function by a constant.

    g(x) = 0.35(x2)

     C > 1 stretches it
     0 < C < 1 compresses it

    We can stretch or compress it in the x-direction by multiplying x by


    a constant.

    g(x) = (2x)2

     C > 1 compresses it
     0 < C < 1 stretches it
    Note that (unlike for the y-direction), bigger values cause more compression.

    We can flip it upside down by multiplying the whole function by −1:

    g(x) = −(x2)

    This is also called reflection about the x-axis (the axis where y=0)

    We can combine a negative value with a scaling:

    Example: multiplying by −2 will flip it upside down AND stretch it in the y-


    direction.

    We can flip it left-right by multiplying the x-value by −1:


    g(x) = (−x)2

    It really does flip it left and right! But you can't see it,
    because x2 is symmetrical about the y-axis. So here is another example
    using √(x):

    g(x) = √(−x)

    This is also called reflection about the y-axis (the axis where x=0)

    Summary
     C > 0 moves it up
    y = f(x) + 
     C < 0 moves it down
    C

     C > 0 moves it left


    y = f(x + C
     C < 0 moves it right
    )

    y = Cf(x)  C > 1 stretches it in the y-direction


     0 < C < 1 compresses it

     C > 1 compresses it in the x-direction


    y = f(Cx)  0 < C < 1 stretches it

     Reflects it about x-axis


    y = −f(x)

     Reflects it about y-axis


    y = f(−x)

    Examples
    Example: the function g(x) = 1/x

    Here are some things we can do:

    Move 2 spaces up:h(x) = 1/x + 2


    Move 3 spaces down:h(x) = 1/x − 3
    Move 4 spaces right:h(x) = 1/(x−4) graph
    Move 5 spaces left:h(x) = 1/(x+5)
    Stretch it by 2 in the y-direction:h(x) = 2/x
    Compress it by 3 in the x-direction:h(x) = 1/(3x)
    Flip it upside down:h(x) = −1/x

    Example: the function v(x) = x3 − 4x

    Here are some things we can do:

    Move 2 spaces up:w(x) = x3 − 4x + 2


    Move 3 spaces down:w(x) = x3 − 4x − 3
    Move 4 spaces right:w(x) = (x−4)3 − 4(x−4)
    Move 5 spaces left:w(x) = (x+5)3 − 4(x+5)  graph
    Stretch it by 2 in the y-direction:w(x) = 2(x3 − 4x)
             = 2x3 − 8x
    Compress it by 3 in the x-direction:w(x) = (3x)3 − 4(3x)
             = 27x3 − 12x
    Flip it upside down:w(x) = −x3 + 4x
    All In One ... !
    We can do all transformation in one go using this:

    a is vertical stretch/compression


     |a| > 1 stretches
     |a| < 1 compresses
     a < 0 flips the graph upside down

    b is horizontal stretch/compression


     |b| > 1 compresses
     |b| < 1 stretches
     b < 0 flips the graph left-right

    c is horizontal shift


     c < 0 shifts to the right
     c > 0 shifts to the left

    d is vertical shift


     d > 0 shifts upward
     d < 0 shifts downward

    Example: 2√(x+1)+1

    a=2, c=1, d=1

    So it takes the square root function, and then

     Stretches it by 2 in the y-direction


     Shifts it left 1, and
     Shifts it up 1
    Play with this graph

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