GLOBAL REGIONAL AND

NATIONAL BEST PRACTICES

on BIPAD Portal related similar DIMS Platform and
Lessons Learned for Nepal
Publication Date
March 2021

Published by
Youth Innovation Lab
Banshidhar Marg, Kathmandu 44600
Nepal
Tel: +977 9851115919
Email: info@youthinnovatiolab.org
Website: www.youthinnovationlab.org

Written and Compiled by

Angela Tamrakar
Alina Khatiwada
Reena Bajracharya

Publication Team
Pradip Khatiwada
Sajana Maharjan Amatya
Carolyn O'Donnell
Pranaya Sthapit
Arnav Upadhyay

Designed by
Paras Shrestha

Citation
Youth Innovation Lab (2020). Global Regional and National Best Practices on BIPAD Portal related similar DIMS Platform and Lessons Learned for Nepal.

Funded by UK AID with the technical support from the Data for Development Programme under The Asia Foundation.
Table of Executive Summary............................................................. 4

Contents Introduction........................................................................... 5
Background...................................................................................................................... 6

DIMS platforms across the globe ....................................... 8

Japan Bosai Platform ....................................................................................... 9

Pacific Disaster Center -DisasterAWARE ...................................................... 10

Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation .................................................. 11

Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS) .......................... 12

I-React ................................................................................................................... 13

Index for Risk Management (INFORM) ...................................................... 13

Global Risk Data Platform .............................................................................. 14

InaRisk ............................................................................................................... 14

DesInventar ...................................................................................................... 15

Flood Factor ....................................................................................................... 16

DIMS in Sri Lanka ............................................................................................. 17

EM-DAT .............................................................................................................. 17

Recommendations for BIPAD portal ................................. 18

Challenges ............................................................................... 28
 Executive DRR portal. Further categorization of some
hazards could also be done (e.g., hydro-
Lastly, BIPAD portal could also increase
the flexibility for users in querying and

Summary meteorological hazards, technological hazards,

environmental hazards, etc.) to better organize
searching data on the platform - currently
it allows querying for one or more hazards
disaster data and make the platform more in the spatial and temporal domain. Adding
streamlined. Also, a separate section could be the ability for a user to query hazards based
This report presents information on constituents
provided in BIPAD portal for containing detailed on the extents of impacts created from the
and components of some well-recognized global,
information on various terminologies and hazards such as various kinds of loss and
regional, and national Disaster Information
symbology used in the platform. Furthermore, damages incurred, like in the DesInventar,
Management System (DIMS). These components
BIPAD portal could employ a nomenclature could be of great additional help to the users
have been studied for their core features and
system for uniquely coding each disaster event (including relief organizations and National
impacts created, from which learnings have been
that enables easier distinction of individual / Provincial / Local governments) in gaining
compiled as suggestions for inclusion in BIPAD
disaster events while at the same time helping better insights into the impacts created by
portal. As different countries and regions follow
relate various linked incidents together, as seen hazards, which could further translate to
different frameworks of DRRM and have different
on various platforms like DesInventar, EMDAT, better preparedness and mitigation efforts.
approaches towards DRRM, diverse ways of
and Global Risk Data Platform. Since BIPAD portal’s database consists of
collecting, disseminating, and using information
information on various hazards from varying
can be found in such DIMS. A comparative study
Furthermore, BIPAD portal utilizes maps to periods, clearly depicting the timeline for
of the DIMS platforms could help establish a clear
visualize hazards data that provides a greatly which information on any hazard is available
understanding of key components required in a
intuitive visualization of hazards in the spatial on the platform could also help decrease any
standard DIMS. This report attempts at identifying
domain. Moreover, further ways of visualizing confusion for the end-users. Moreover, in
such key components and presents the components
and analyzing data could also be integrated addition to the hazard information currently
that are relevant in the context of Nepal as
into the platform like customized graphs and available, BIPAD portal could integrate
recommendations for the BIPAD portal.
charts that could provide information such various contents (papers and publications)
as disaster trends, linkages between various on hazard solutions, and avail the ability to
This research takes several DIMS platforms as
hazards, comparative annual losses from query such solutions based on keywords and
references including the Japan-Bosai Platform,
hazards in specific regions, etc. This could filters to ensure that the platform conforms
Global Risk Data Platform, INFORM, Desinventar,
significantly boost the usability of the platform to the high standards of user-friendliness.
Pacific Disaster Centre, and other popular
and enable not only information dissemination Lastly, BIPAD portal could be developed as a
platforms. This paper presents recommendations in
but also analytics, which otherwise requires a platform for real-time coordination between
a few aspects of BIPAD portal relating to features,
user to rely on other platforms currently. BIPAD the government authorities at different
user interface elements and data download ability
portal also allows downloading of available tiers of the government and other disaster
that help increase the usability, accessibility, and
maps in PNG format. It could further enhance responders for effective management of
effectiveness of the platform.
the usability of the maps and visualizations activities post disasters.
by allowing users to download vector maps in
BIPAD portal categorizes hazards into some basic
shape file formats and raster maps in geolocated
categories viz. Natural and Non-natural hazards,
GeoTIFF formats.
which it references from the Nepal Government’s

4
 Features based on user type
Introduction Desinventar
Alert system

Classification of hazards

Customized charts
Mitigation
DIMS
in Sri Lanka Features to improve map

Documents on disaster information

EM-DAT Mapping coordination system

Flexibility on data download Prepardness

Flood Factor

GDACS Multi-Lingual Platform

Global Risk Data Platform

Recovery
I-React Query of hazards incidents

INFORM
Real-time coordination

Info for symbols and terminologies

InaRISK

Response
Japan Info on dataset and uses
Bosai

Unique ID for disaster incidents

PDC - DisasterAWARE
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BIPAD

5
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Background

Com
The world is challenged by various the efficiency and effectiveness of disaster with stakeholders1. It helps to make better
catastrophes. For effective management of response plans and decision-making as it is a decisions in designing policies, response
disasters, precise and prompt organization system that records, collects, keeps, retrieves, planning, and management of disasters,
of information, collection, processing, and analyzes inputs, produces reports, and monitoring and evaluating disaster programs
and dissemination of chunks of data and required disaster information and renders and services and reducing damages.
communication in a clearly-defined and them to targeted people. The information
widely recognized mechanism are needed1. system also supports disaster management,
In the time of emergency, the information especially for coordinating activities,
system plays a vital role in improving processing information, and communicating

6
Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction independent platforms for national, provincial, Research Methodology
(2015-2030) highlights the importance of baseline and municipal governments with a bottom-up
The research is carried out through
information, assessment, management of approach of disaster data partnership. BIPAD
the study of some well-recognized and
information, the transformation of data into usable portal has a wide range of stakeholders as users
currently functional global, regional,
knowledge that aids in decision-making. This at each tire of government, and among them the
and national Disaster Information
emphasizes the development of an information key users are DRR focal person at a municipality
Management System (DIMS) platforms,
management system with updated information on (Local level), Mayor of the municipality (Local
their key features, and user interface.
disaster loss and damage that enables foreseeing level), An ordinary citizen/Bystander (Local
The research presents information on
disaster risk2. Acts and policies of Nepal in national, level), Researcher at a local NGO (Local level),
constituents and components of such
provincial, and local level has integrated the Disaster Response expert at Red Cross (Local
DIMS and the learnings from them have
constituents of Sendai framework3. DRRM Act 2017 level), Member of Provincial Disaster Management
been compiled as suggestions for the
has highlighted the development and functioning Committee/Council (Provincial level), Urban
inclusion in BIPAD portal.
of the Disaster Information Management System Planner at Provincial government (Provincial level),
(DIMS) for systematic and efficient collection, NDRRMA CEO (Federal level), and MoHA official
analysis, and processing of disaster-related (Federal level)7. BIPAD portal is developed to be Limitations
information and data in all levels of government4. used for informed decision-making in all aspects of
The report focuses on the key features
Likewise, the National Strategic Plan of Action DRRM by authorities in all tiers of the government
of respective DIMS that are relevant to
(2018-2030)5 emphasizes the importance of and all other relevant stakeholders.
BIPAD and its users and does not include
Geographic Information System (GIS) based on
To institutionalize BIPAD portal and ensure its detailed study and analysis of the overall
DIMS and the institutionalization of the system.
sustainability, BIPAD portal needs to be developed system. Also, the operational management
Disaster Information Management System (DIMS) such that it can provide robust, and timely services (including technical or financial aspects) of
should be designed and guided by several goals in challenging environments. Features in BIPAD the systems were not explored. The paper
such as improve decision-making before, during, portal should enhance the usability, accessibility, includes comparison of UI/UX of DIMS,
and after emergencies through improved access and effectiveness of the system such that its users visualization of data and its relevancy
and quality information, provide information that is can easily navigate the system, understand aspects to BIPAD irrespective of the datasets
specifically designed to meet users’ needs, promote of DRRM, coordinate with relevant stakeholders, presented and use and analysis of the data
efficiency and effectiveness, and stimulate and and eventually aid in decision making. in the respective DIMS. The case studies
facilitate mitigation. on their uses in disaster scenarios and
what features of DIMS worked and did
The Government of Nepal (GoN), with technical Objective of the Research not work in real disaster scenario were
support from Youth Innovation Lab (YI-Lab), has not explored during the study. Also, the
The research aims to study key features in the challenges and opportunities faced by
built a disaster information management system
global, regional, and national Disaster Information each DIMS and measures implemented
called the Building Information Platform Against
Management System (DIMS) platforms, and provide during their institutionalization process
Disaster (BIPAD)6. It is built upon the concept
recommendations for enhancement of BIPAD portal have not been included in this report.
of creating a national portal embedded with
and ultimately increase its usage in DRRM.

7
 DIMS platforms
across the globe
There are numerous global, regional, and national
disaster databases currently available. Various
such international disaster information system was
explored and their key features were studied. Some
of them are introduced in next page.

8
Japan
Bosai Platform
www.bosai-jp.org
01
The Japan Bosai Platform8 adopts a holistic approach to
reduce disaster impacts and aims to make society disaster-
resilient and sustainable by sharing solutions to the world
to reduce the impacts. It supports all phases of disaster
management with a wide range of technologies applied to
various natural hazards and links to the database of solutions
through a systematic Bosai solution map. The comprehensive
solution map can be accessed from a multi-perspective
approach comprising individual components from three
different perspectives: Hazard, Solution purpose, and
Solution theme that altogether cover each major aspect of
DRRM. Measures of disaster impact reduction of each hazard
category of all DRM phases based on the multiple solution
FEATURES
themes such as risk assessment, research and investigation,
APPLICABLE FOR
disaster prevention plan, infrastructure technology, education,
BIPAD PORTAL
and training, etc. can be accessed in the platform.

JBP is founded on strong support from and collaboration

with the Japanese government, academia, and the private Disaster-related Availability in
sector. Sendai framework also validates the platform and its Documents Local Language
policies and strategic direction by stating it as a key role of the
Comprehensive compilation of all the The Japan Bosai platform can be
private sector to reduce disaster risks through developing and
required information and publications on accessed in both English and Japanese
disseminating appropriate DRR technologies, and through
hazard, disasters related solution purpose, languages, which helps localize the
strengthening partnerships with various other sectors8. The
and solution theme that altogether cover platform.
platform has been collaborating and coordinating to improve
each major aspect of DRRM.
the DRR capacity of emerging countries, mainly in Asia, by
utilizing leading Japanese technologies and knowledge
related to DRR9. It not only provides knowledge on DRR via its
platform, but also installs community-based flood monitoring
system in flood prone areas for flood risk management.
The system has been installed in Bangladesh, Myanmar,
Philippines, Brazil and Japan10.

9
 Pacific Disaster
Center -
DisasterAWARE
02
www.pdc.org

Pacific Disaster Centre (PDC)11 was conceived as a center

to improve systems of communication and technology
for disaster prevention. PDC is an applied research center
managed by the University of Hawaii who is continuously
developing new technologies and best practices to help
many global partners effectively mitigate, prepare for,
respond to, and recover from disasters. They work side
by side with government agencies, Non-Governmental
Organizations (NGOs), and humanitarian relief
organizations to conduct baseline risk and national disaster
FEATURES Annotation and
preparedness assessments, create mitigation strategies,
support training, and exercises, and to implement the
APPLICABLE FOR drawing tools
powerful disaster risk intelligence platform, DisasterAWARE BIPAD PORTAL
technology to empower disaster management decision- The platform has a well-equipped drawing
makers and the public. DisasterAWARE is the DIMS tool where users can annotate, attach images,
developed by PDC as disaster information and an alert and draw shapes over the map and allows
Audio-visual manuals and users to perform measurements. The users
system. The platform provides information about the areas
that any active hazard might affect soon, who might get
explainers can interactively work on the information to
affected, what could be at risk, and the information of generate infographics, metrics, and figures
The “DisasterAWARE” platform provides
nearby shelters and evacuation zones. This application is that could significantly assist in making more
short demo clips about its features and how
sense of the data and ultimately in the decision-
currently used by 1.5 million users globally12. the system should be used. This provides an
making process.
easier and more interactive way of helping
PDC works in multifaceted partnerships involving civilians, users learn about the platform and ensure
military, academia, public sector, private sector, and national that its full potential is leveraged.
Custom report
and international institutions, communities, and other generator
stakeholders. It supports evidence-based decision making Dedicated page The platform can identify active hazards as
and promotes the concepts of DRR using information,
for hazard well as generate location-specific reports
science, and technology13. DisasterAWARE produces near for custom area selections. This could help
real-time disaster alerts through its web application, mobile Each hazard in DisasterAWARE is allocated provide meaningful insights for any area of
application (Disaster Alert), SMS, and e-mail. The platform a dedicated page with more details interest to disaster professionals as well as
also has a social media panel that allows the users to see (demographic break down, rural or urban decision-makers.
what people are publicly reporting from the ground of any residence, hazard distance, capital exposed
area of interest. Especially in this era where people are in terms of critical infrastructures, exposure
constantly connected through social media, this could help by severity level, multi-hazard risk, and
gather a stream of updates and information constituting of resilience) on the hazard.
widespread observations.
10
Philippine Disaster
Resilience
Foundation
03
www.pdrf.org

To make the Philippines strong, resilient, and disaster-

ready, the Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation
(PDRF)14 was founded. PDRF also launched the first-ever
private Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) in April 2018
and has been anchoring disaster prevention/mitigation,
preparedness, response, recovery, and rehabilitation.
Among the three key features of PDRF-EOC (PDRF network,
permanent office, and DIMS), the disaster information
management system integrates all reliable, accurate, and
timely information on disaster management. It employs the
customized ArcGIS online platform from ESRI called HANDA FEATURES Incident
or Hazard and Disaster Analysis for Business Resilience. APPLICABLE FOR monitoring
BIPAD PORTAL The incidents reported by the offices/units
PDRF-HANDA is a customized web-based platform that helps
across the country can be monitored by donor
the member companies navigate and access information
companies using the incident monitoring
on hazards and assess their risk before potential disasters.
Hazard dashboard. Through this dashboard, PDRF and
The platform also allows these companies to plan relief and
monitoring its member companies can monitor incidents
rehabilitation efforts that complement business continuity
that have already been coordinated with
plans and programs. HANDA is not a publicly accessible This application allows members of
proper authorities.
platform and requires login credentials. The key features of PDRF to plot their facilities’ assets and
HANDA are incident reporting, management, monitoring, properly assess the threats presented
and hazard monitoring. by different hazards around the Incident
country. It contains geohazard data management
from various government agencies.
This application is the ticketing system of the
PDRF EOC. It helps PDRF manage all reported
incidents within the network.

11
 Global Disaster
Alert and
Coordination
04
System (GDACS)
www.gdacs.org

The Global Disaster Alert and Coordination

System (GDACS)15 was created as a cooperation
framework between the United Nations and
the European Commission in 2004, to address
significant gaps in information collection and
analysis in the early phase of major sudden-onset
disasters.
FEATURES Mapping
The platform provides general public with APPLICABLE FOR coordination system
automated early warnings for earthquakes, BIPAD PORTAL The GDACS Satellite Mapping and
possible tsunami, tropical cyclones, and floods.
Coordination System (SMCS) provides a
It gives preliminary impact estimates on natural
communication and coordination platform
disasters around the world.
Real-time coordination where organizations can share information
about completed, ongoing, and planned
The alert / early warnings are aimed at the The platform allows various government mapping activities with other stakeholders
government authorities, disaster responders, and and non-government disaster responders during emergencies. The end goal is to
all the international humanitarian community for to coordinate for disaster response. reduce duplication of mapping efforts and to
having a coordinated response during disasters The users provided with the access to increase awareness of existing products.
and to assess the possibility of the need for the Virtual OSOCC can view breaking
international assistance during such events. emergency records, and discussions
Alerts through SMS and
are set up for each major sudden-onset
social media
emergency; they are usually triggered by
a red GDACS alert. Various information The platforms allow the alerts of events
on the relief team, relief items, situational selected by the registered users to be
reports, and other key information for shared through SMS. Also, all alerts are
various sources are shared. shared with the public through the official
Facebook and Twitter accounts of GDACS.

12
05 I-React
Reporting is a bi-directional communication
that enables efficient communication between
www.i-react.eu disaster managers and responders to
communicate crucial updates and information
in real-time, and between citizens and
I-React16 is the first European-wide platform authorities with possibilities to receive alerts
that integrates emergency management data and send reports. The I-REACT EMS integrates
of multiple sources, including that provided all resources into a single big data platform
by citizens through crowdsourcing and social capable of providing visualizations of data
media. The platform has been very effective through real-time map layers. It also integrates
in producing information faster and allows a Decision Support System (DSS) capable of
citizens, policymakers, and civil protection generating suggestions to the users in real-time
services to plan for the prevention and based on the specific protocols of actions of the FEATURES APPLICABLE FOR BIPAD PORTAL
reaction against disaster. organization.

The platform has three components; I-React Information categorization towards different user types
Social, Reporting and EMS. I-REACT Social is The platform organizes all the information into categories targeted
a Machine Learning enabled module capable towards different user types: Citizens, Responders, Decision-makers,
of scanning twitter for finding publications and business groups. Relevant hazard data, tools, and technologies
in six different languages that provide the relating to the DRRM are all segregated for each of the user types, hence
most accurate disaster information. I-REACT decluttering the platform and making it easier and quicker for use.

06 Index for Risk Management (INFORM)

drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu

INFORM17 initiative began in 2012 as a with similar risk, regional and income-group
confluence of interests of UN agencies, averages, and more information at the indicator
donors and NGOs, and research institutions level through a separate “country profiles” page.
to establish a common evidence base for This page also interactively visualizes indicators
global humanitarian risk analysis. It identifies (GRI, Hazard & exposure, Vulnerability, and
the countries at higher risk of the humanitarian Lack of coping capacity) for each country.
crisis that is more likely to require international INFORM also prioritizes the subnational index
assistance. The INFORM Risk Index model is which shows a detailed picture of risk and
based on risk concepts published in scientific its components within a region or a country. FEATURES APPLICABLE FOR BIPAD PORTAL
literature and envisages three dimensions of INFORM epidemic consists of the information
relating to the INFORM Epidemic Risk, which
risk: Hazards & Exposure, Vulnerability, and The flexibility of data download
Lack of Coping Capacity. INFORM comprises is a hazard dependent risk index that was
in-depth information on each country and created in 2018 and is under experimentation – INFORM allows downloading of year-wise results and data on Global Risk
shows trends, comparisons with other countries primarily targeted towards assessing the risk of Information (GRI) which are openly available. All the source data and the
various countries to epidemic outbreaks. calculation steps for functional levels, categories, and dimensions as well as
indicators for each country are downloadable in excel format.

13
 07 Global Risk Data Platform
https://preview.grid.unep.ch/

The Global Risk Data Platform18 is an effort of The primary objective of the platform was
08 InaRisk
http://inarisk.bnpb.go.id/irbi

InaRISK20 is a risk assessment portal that InaRISK can be used by all parties,
multiple agencies. The objective is to provide sharing all scientific data produced during uses ArcGIS server as data services that including the community in drawing
global information on hazards, vulnerabilities, the project by making them visible to the describe the coverage of disaster threat up disaster management plans and in
exposure, and disaster risks in support of the largest possible audience and to promote areas, affected populations, potential addition to being a portal for spatial
implementation of the Hyogo Framework the concept of data reusability19. It is a physical losses, potential economic losses, data sharing in the form of service is.
of Action. PREVIEW contains the global risk platform that is used to provide general and potential environmental damage and InaRisk can be used for dissemination
information produced for the 2009 and 2011 hazards, exposure, and risk context for integrated with the realization of disaster of disaster risk assessment results to the
Global Assessment Reports on Disaster Risk the disaster community and the media19. risk reduction activities as a monitoring tool Government, Local Government, and other
Reduction of the United Nations Strategy for It offers the possibility to freely and easily to reduce the disaster risk index. It provides stakeholders, which can be used as the
Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). access data that could be useful for information on the disaster risk index of basis for planning disaster risk reduction
preparedness, response, and mitigation the entire nation. It has a built-in tool for programs. And will help in assisting the
phases by decision-makers. monitoring the SFDRR targets. Government, Local Government, and the
parties in formulating strategies for the
implementation of programs, policies, and
InaRISK has been officially launched by the
activities to reduce the risk of a disaster at
Head of the National Disaster Management
the national to regional levels.
Agency (BNPB) on November 10, 2016.

FEATURES The flexibility of data download

APPLICABLE FOR Global Risk Data Platform allows users to FEATURES 1. Availability of the platform and user manuals in
BIPAD PORTAL download maps in vector formats (shapefile APPLICABLE FOR local language
and GeoTIFF) that helps increase the BIPAD PORTAL 2. Ability to download the maps in ArcGIS supported
usability of the downloaded data and maps. raster and/or vector data formats

14
DesInventar
https://www.desinventar.net/ 09
DesInventar21 is a conceptual and methodological tool for
the generation of National Disaster Inventories and the
construction of databases of damage, losses, and in general
the effects of disasters.

The Disaster Information Management System (DesInventar

methodology) includes a software product with two main
components. The Administration and Data Entry module is a
relational and structural database through which the database
is fed by filling in predefined fields (space and temporal data,
types of events and causes, sources) and by both direct and
indirect effects (deaths, houses, infrastructure, economic
sectors). The Analysis module allows access to the database
by queries and allows to represent of those queries with
tables, graphics, and thematic maps. FEATURES Reference information for
APPLICABLE FOR symbols and definitions
DesInventar is designed for research and academic groups, BIPAD PORTAL
Desinventar has defined specific definitions
national and sub-national authorities and DRR practitioners,
where a user can know more about the definitions
and institutes of environmental management to access
of hazards and their symbols used in the
national and regional disaster data and enable to monitor,
Unique ID/codes for platform. Also, information on the definition of
analyze, and disseminate information on key hazards and
disaster incident and event the terminologies used for defining the loss and
vulnerabilities. The platform helps provide information on
damage datasets are included in the platform.
damage and loss for disasters to support national planning Disaster events recorded in the database are
and investment decisions that currently do not necessarily given a unique code/ ID. Desinventar adopts
consider disaster risks. the glide number which is a unique id code
Inclusion of enhanced
for disasters. The components of a GLIDE
graphical visualization of data
number consist of two letters to identify the
disaster type (e.g., TC – Tropical Cyclone); Desinventar allows users to create customized
the year of the disaster; a six-digit, sequential charts for data visualization. It allows the user to
disaster number; and the three-letter ISO choose the type of chart (comparative by events,
3661 code for country of occurrence. For geography, cause, temporal behavior) and the
example, the GLIDE number for a Tropical variable such as loss and damage datasets can
Cyclone in Fiji is TC-2010-000054-FJI. be chosen manually.

15
 Flood Factor
https://floodfactor.com/
10
Flood factor22 is a free online tool that has been created
by the nonprofit First Street Foundation to make people
of America find their property’s risk of flooding and
also understand the changing risks of flood due to the
changing environment22. The foundation aims to quantify
and communicate America’s flood risk by providing
flood risk data freely which helps the community in
preparing for and mitigating the risk of flood. Flood factor
encourages to be used in conjunction with the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood maps to
have more powerful data for decision-making.

The platform allows visualizing the area of interest by

flood factor, which is an indicator of the comprehensive FEATURES
risk of flood in the location. It also helps in estimating APPLICABLE FOR
the properties impacted and the likelihood of flood of BIPAD PORTAL
a particular location of the running year, 15 years, and
30 years. This helps in identifying the level of risk of the
area of interest and planning for the better response
and preparedness of the flood. The platform also Feature to Improve
provides information on the environmental changes that the Map
are possibly triggering the flood risks. The projected This feature helps in improving the maps as per the knowledge of the
information on precipitation changes, sea-level rise, and locals. As the platform uses map box and OpenStreetMap data which
sea surface temperatures of the current year, 15 years, and is open source, the users can help improve the map of their area by
30 years have been visualized in the country-wide map. suggesting actions such as adding places, fixing locations, renaming
The platform also highlights the solutions of the possible places, fixing satellite maps, removing a place, and others. This can help
flood events and measures that the community can use to update the maps continuously as per the changes in the particular area.
adapt to higher risks and limit damages and lower flood The updated maps are very useful in allocating the resources, relief
insurance costs. materials, and also efficient planning for the preparedness of flood in
the risk areas.

16
DIMS
in Sri Lanka
http://www.desinventar.lk/
11 EM-DAT
https://public.emdat.be 12
The EM-DAT25 database managed by CRED Its main objectives are to assist
is a publicly accessible international disaster humanitarian action at both national
The Disaster Information Management tool that helps to analyze the disaster trends
database including information on global and international levels; to rationalize
System23 in Sri Lanka is a sustainable and their impacts in a systematic manner. With
natural and technological disasters. Events decision-making for disaster
arrangement within an institution for the an increased understanding of the disaster
are entered on a country-level basis and preparedness, and to provide an
systematic collection, documentation, and trends and their impacts, better prevention,
information collected includes, amongst objective basis for vulnerability
analysis of data about losses caused by mitigation, and preparedness measures can
others, location, date, number of people assessment and priority setting. For
natural and man-made disasters. The Disaster be planned to reduce the impact of disasters
killed/injured/affected, number homeless, example, it helps policymakers identify
Management Centre (DMC) of the Ministry of on the communities23. The platform follows the
and estimated damage costs. The database the disaster types that are most common
Disaster Management and Human Rights (M/ Desinventar methodology for maintaining the
is searchable by country, disaster type, or in each country and that have had
DM&HR) with technical and financial support disaster database.
period. significant historical impacts on human
from the Disaster Risk Management (DRM)
populations.
program of the United Nations Development Also, Sri Lanka Disaster Risk Information
Programme (UNDP) and the UNDP Regional Platform is a public platform that holds GIS
Centre in Bangkok (RCB) has initiated the data of hazard, exposure, and base data such
development of the database on the past as landuse and elevation24. The system allows
disaster incidents from 1974 to date. The the overlay of various layers while visualizing
Disaster Information Management System is a the maps.

FEATURES APPLICABLE FOR BIPAD PORTAL PORTAL

Unique Disaster Number/ ID for each disaster incident

A unique 8-digit disaster number is generated for each disaster event. The
“DisNo” includes the year (4 digits) and a sequential number (4 digits) which
FEATURES 1. The disaster information management platform is unique for each disaster event (i.e., Tsunami 2004 = DisNo 2004-0659).
APPLICABLE FOR provides definitions of the hazards/events that
occur in Srilanka and are included in the database. Classification of Hazard
BIPAD PORTAL
2. The platform provided incident validation forms in The Disasters classification used in EM-DAT is based on and adapted from
local languages. the IRDR Peril Classification and Hazard Glossary

17
 Recommendations
for BIPAD portal
There are numerous global, regional, and national
disaster databases currently available. Various
such international disaster information system
was explored and their key features were studied.
Some of them are introduced below:

18
Inclusion of various reports RE
FF
ER
Information for
ERED P
and publications relating to symbols and R E FF LAT

ED
FORMS

PL
The platform has defined
Terminologies Desinventar

AT
disaster information the key terminologies

ORF
DIMS in Srilanka used for hazards included

M
in their database.
Japan Bosai
Platform

Relevancy to BIPAD portal Relevancy to BIPAD portal

The feature to include acts, policies and other BIPAD portal provides information on hazards, in the module:
documents is already available in BIPAD portal. alert, incident, damage and loss, and risk info. However, the
Inclusion of publications, documents on hazard, details on what the listed hazards mean and represent are
disasters related solution purpose, and solution theme unclear as specific definitions for each hazard and indicators
which will help make BIPAD portal a comphrehesive are missing. With such information, decision-makers, especially
platform for disaster information. those with less DRRM expertise, will be benefitted.

Useability in DRRM cycles

Useability in DRRM cycles
These features can be helpful in gaining knowledge on
All aspects of the DRRM cycle to develop a common
the disaster related information and will eventually aid
understanding of the terminologies used26.
in all phases of DRRM cycle.

Recommendations Recommendations

The reports and publications that present the contents BIPAD portal hosts data and information on all aspects of
of various phases of the DRM cycle, preparedness, the DRRM cycle. Not all users of BIPAD portal will have a
response plans, and other relevant documents along thorough knowledge of the terminologies used in the system.
with existing acts and policies should be included. This This information might be more useful for decision-makers
helps the users in knowing all the aspects of a disaster with lower DRRM expertise better understand and efficiently
at a single platform. The feature to include acts, policies navigate the platform. It will better inform the end-users on the
and other documents is already available in BIPAD portal available datasets on BIPAD portal.
and the finalization of inclusion of other categories of
documents can be done in an immediate run. The information on the symbols and definitions for the
terminologies used in the system could be incorporated by
including a document with the aforementioned information or
a tip icon could be added in each module that would display the
details on the terminologies and symbols used.

19
 Customized charts for REFFERED PLATFORM
Desinventar
data visualization

Relevancy to BIPAD portal

Although the Damage and loss module and the incident module
of BIPAD portal provide visualizations of the data in the form of
charts, customized charts are not included yet. This feature could
help decision-makers and researchers in developing a deeper
understanding of the data on disaster loss and damage trends
quickly.

Useability in DRRM cycles

The customized chart helps better visualize the data as per the
needs and requirement, hence aiding in Mitigation, Preparedness,
Response, Recovery.

Recommendations

Most of the popular international DIMS platforms provide the

ability to visualize data through interactive maps as well as
through graphs and charts. Allowing the user, mostly researchers,
and decision-makers, to choose the type of chart (comparative
by events, geography, cause, temporal behavior) and the variables
such as loss and damage datasets can enhance the user-
friendliness, develop a deeper understanding of the data presented
on the website and also help to quickly understand the disaster
trends. This also reduces the effort of having to download the raw
data and creating visualizations in software like excel.

A section in the Damage and Loss module of BIPAD portal could be

added where the users can create customized charts based on the
available datasets.
20
 ED PLATFORM
REFFER
Classification of EM-DAT Disasters classification used in EM-DAT is based on and

hazards adapted from the IRDR Peril Classification. It classifies

disasters into natural and technological disasters with
each having its sub and subgroups.

Relevancy to BIPAD portal Recommendations

BIPAD portal has been following the Nepal The classification of hazards into hydro- more beneficial during the mitigation and
Government’s hazard classification and meteorological hazard, biological hazard, preparedness rather than response activities.
classifies the hazard into natural and technological hazard, and many more has Also, the Disaster Risk and Management
non-natural. However, it lacks further been one of the key considerations in the Act 2017, which is the governing act in
classification under natural and non-natural Sendai Framework as it broadened the scope Nepal for DRRM, categorizes hazards
hazards like; hydro-meteorological hazards, of hazards and emphasized the inclusion of into two categories in terms of origins
biological hazards, technological hazards, biological, technological, and environmental of hazards- natural and non-natural. It
and many more. The classification will help in risk approaches in understanding risk. The further categorizes natural origin hazards as
segregating the required information easily. classification of hazards can aid in obtaining geophysical, meteorological, hydrological,
information quicker and helps in making loss climatological, and biological hazards.
information comparable.
Useability in DRRM cycles The classification of hazard clusters adopted
Classification of hazards into categories by UNDRR could also be integrated into
The classifications are important in adopting and their subcategories will help the BIPAD portal portal portal. The hazards
the same language and in classifying disasters researchers and decision-makers understand are classified into meteorological and
that quite often present the co-existence hazards in terms of the cause of their hydrological hazards, extraterrestrial
of multiple hazards27. The classification and origin which will ultimately help them hazards, geohazards, environmental hazards,
identification of hazards can be useful in plan DRRM related activities by working chemical hazards, biological hazards,
segregating the necessary information and around the field of expertise and getting technological hazards, and societal hazards.
also plan accordingly for the preparedness, related experts involved. For instance, for
mitigation, and emergency response of the earthquake-related planning, expertise in
particular hazard. the field of geohazard would be the most
important. The classification would be

21
 ED PLATFORMS
REFFER

Unique ID for each EMDAT The unique ID generated is of the following format:
Year (4-digit number): unique number (4 digits):
disaster incident Country (3 letters)

DesInventar It uses GLIDE number for generating a unique id,

which is of the following format. Disaster type (2
letters): year (4 digits): unique disaster number (6
digits): country (3 letters)

Relevancy to BIPAD portal

The incident and damage and loss module of Recommendations

BIPAD portal record the details of the incidents
that occurred. The incidents have a distinction Currently, the database in BIPAD portal has a distinction
between them in terms of their location and between hazards in terms of their location and time of
time of occurrence, but BIPAD portal doesn’t occurrence and does not assign any unique codes/numbers
assign any unique codes/numbers to identify to identify each hazard. While this helps keep the system
each incident. This numbering could help minimal, defining unique codes for each disaster helps make
interlink various related disaster incidents the data easier to access, and creates the possibility to link
and in cases where the impact is spread over related hazards together by strategically assigning such
multiple provinces and municipalities. codes, especially in the cases of larger disaster events that
spread across multiple regions as well as cascaded hazards.
An internationally recognized GLIDE numbering system could
Useability in DRRM cycles be adopted. Glide number is based on hazard code, year of
occurrence, serial number, and country code.
Unique hazard identification will help
standardize loss database28, Damage and Loss
datasets are useful in disaster mitigation,
preparedness, response, and recovery7. STRUCTURE
GLIDE

2 DIGIT 4 DIGIT 6 DIGIT 3 DIGIT

ALPHABET NUMERIC NUMERIC ALPHABET

FL — 2020 — 001432 — NPR

HAZARD YEAR OF SERIAL COUNTRY
CODE INCIDENT NUMBER CODE (ISO)
FL: Flood NPR: NEPAL
CW: Cold Wave JPN: Japan
DR: Drought IND: INDIA
EQ: Earthquake
FF: Flash Flood

22
 REFFERED PL
ATFORMS
Query of hazards Desinventar The platforms allow queries of disaster data using loss
and incidents and damage datasets as well.

Japan Bosai The platform allows searching the documents using

keywords.

Relevancy to BIPAD portal

In the Damage and Loss module of BIPAD

portal, users can custom search data Recommendations
based on location, hazard, and/or time of
occurrence of any disaster event. However,
In any DIMS platform, the most important will want to search for information on the
feature is the ability to query data where the number of schools damaged by such events
at present, it does not allow the filter of
users can obtain data of their interest using in the BIPAD portal.
incidents by loss and damage indicators.
keywords or search filters.
Likewise, BIPAD portal has the feature By Hazard and Solutions: BIPAD portal
By loss and damage datasets: Along with
to search the acts, policies, and other hosts numerous documents on acts, laws,
the ability to filter data based on time,
relevant documents based on the default regulations, reports, publications, response
location, and hazard type, the platform
categories only, but allowing the users to plans, and frameworks related to disaster
should allow the user to filter incidents
search the documents with the help of risk reduction and management. Although
and events by datasets such as the number
keywords also can help users to navigate these documents can be sub-grouped based
of deaths, injured/ missing/ affected (and
easily and make BIPAD portal more user on the category and region, it would improve
their disaggregated information), estimated
friendly. the user experience if the documents are
loss, the number of houses damaged and
searchable by the keywords entered by the
destroyed as well as by the infrastructures
user. Similarly, the projects and publications
and services affected. Broadening the search
Useability in DRRM cycles should also be searchable by the entered
query will help researchers and decision
keywords. This can be done by assigning tags
makers identify uniqueness in the impact of
Query of hazards and incidents using for each of the knowledge products.
a disaster.
keywords or filters of loss and damage
datasets/document names will allow all users The inclusion of the ability to query solutions
These detailed queries will help decision-
to get the required information quickly and through various publications, in addition to
makers focus on specific issues based on the
easily, thereby increasing the usability of hazard information, would help stakeholders
previous impacts and plan preparedness and
BIPAD portal in all aspects of the DRRM cycle. and decision-makers in planning DRRM
response activities accordingly. For instance,
effectively, and researchers, and other
an NGO working on reducing the impacts of users in understanding every dimension of
floods and landslides in the education sector disasters better.

23
 REFFERED
PLATFORMS
Multi- Japan Bosai Platform The platform is multilingual
FERED PLATF
REF
Lingual Addition of an OR
M
GDACS
DIMS in Srilanka Although the platform is
Platform available only in English, alert system
InaRisk some data collection and
validation tools are available
in the local language.

Relevancy to BIPAD portal

Relevancy to BIPAD portal
At present, BIPAD portal is available only in English. Since the goal At present, information on BIPAD portal is available
of BIPAD portal is to act as the central DIMS platform of Nepal and as a web app. The feature to produce alerts through
not all local governments and authorities are comfortable using social media and SMS has not yet been incorporated.
the platform/ and or filling data collection/ integration forms in With such features, decision-makers as well as the
English, the availability of BIPAD portal in Nepali is crucial. local community can be timely informed of any disaster
incident.

Useability in DRRM cycles Useability in DRRM cycles

Languages are crucial in delivering messages like emergency alerts29.
Sharing notifications on alerts through SMS, emails and
The multi-lingual platform facilitates in tailoring and translating
social media, users can get timely updates and respond
messages related to DRM29 which ultimately aids in planning for the
quicker to disaster events. Such a feature will aid in
preparedness, mitigation, and emergency response for disaster.
emergency response30,31.

Recommendations
Recommendations
As a crucial aspect of any DIMS platform, to ensure that the
accessibility of BIPAD portal reaches every level and type of It is recommended to add a feature where a user to
users, including the local people and communities who are the subscribe to alerts so that they can get email or SMS
ultimate actors in DRRM, it is crucial to have the platform in the alerts whenever there is any new notification for a
Nepali language, which is the formal language as well as the major particular disaster in the particularly selected region/
language used by most individuals and communities in Nepal. The area. The authorities in the government, disaster
use of the platform contents in local languages has been seen in responders as well as the general public could be
popular practice in many popular DIMS platforms. Though this allowed to subscribe to alerts to get timely updates.
is an important aspect of the localization of BIPAD portal, it will Although this addition could require significant time and
require significant time to implement. resources, this could prove to be a crucial feature of the
platform.

24
 REFFERED REFFERED
PLATFORMS Details on the background, a method
PLATFORMS
Fexibility on the Global Reference INFORM
used, and various publications from its
partners regarding the use and analysis
Allows the download of
data download risk data
platform
spatial data in various materials about of INFORM

formats raster and vector

formats. the features and
InaRisk Pacific Disaster Clips and resources on how to use
dataset of BIPAD Center the features of the platform and
who can benefit from the feature
portal
Relevancy to BIPAD portal

BIPAD portal allows downloading of the maps only in png format.

Allowing the user to download maps in other formats like
shapefiles, GeoTIFF, or other GIS supported formats can increase Relevancy to BIPAD portal
the compatibility and usability of the maps in various geospatial
and analysis tools as well, while at the same time allowing the use Manuals, guides, and SOPs including the detailed
of higher resolution maps in infographics and reports. information on BIPAD portal, each dataset, and the use of
each type of data in decision-making can be included in
Useability in DRRM cycles the publication section of BIPAD portal. BIPAD portal has
a variety of user types in different tiers of government and
Maps like hazard maps are important in risk identification and authorities with various levels of engagement, goals, and
making local knowledge visible32. Maps can provide clear and technical capacities who could benefit from this feature.
attractive pictures of the geographical distribution of potential
hazards. Disaster-related data when visualized in maps can
Useability in DRRM cycles
contribute to proper planning and allocation of resources for
disaster preparedness. Map downloadable feature in the platform
This feature doesn’t directly compliment in DRM cycle
can hence increase the usability of the platform.
but the existing datasets in the DIMS platform could be
of use in the different phases of DRM, only if the proper
Recommendations
usage and detailed information of each dataset are
delivered to the users.
Inclusion of the ability to download maps in various formats would
help aid in getting relevant data only and in making full utilization
of the downloaded data. Furthermore, allowing the downloading Recommendations
of vector files in shapefile format and raster files in the GeoTIFF
format helps increase the usability of the data, which can also BIPAD portal can add videos, demo clips on how to use
be used with GIS software, and various utilities can be produced each feature and modules of BIPAD portal, and what
with those maps as base layers. Currently, BIPAD portal allows kind of decision-making it can support. Producing
downloading of the maps only in png format. Similarly, to make the guides and manuals in audio-visual formats can help
system user-friendly, the map download feature should allow users increase the user-friendliness of BIPAD portal and help
to download maps in A3/A4 or any other usable format. Also, the overcome some limitations caused by the inadequacy of
ability to choose custom scales and sizes of maps allows for the technical capacity in all tiers of government.
maps to be used in reports and publications easily.
25 25
 FERED PLATF FERED PLATF
REF
Real-time REF OR
M Mapping coordination
OR
M
GDACS
coordination GDACS
system

Relevancy to BIPAD portal

Relevancy to BIPAD portal
Although BIPAD portal allows its users at various levels of the
At present BIPAD portal lacks a section where
government to add and comment on the incidents recorded, an
government and the humanitarian agencies
interactive interface where both governmental and non-governmental
working in mapping activities and emergencies
disaster responders can share information for coordinated action
can share their work so that the efforts are
is missing. Various information on the relief team, relief items,
not duplicated, rather resonated through
situational reports, and other key information for various sources can
collaboration.
be shared in real time among stakeholders in real time.

Useability in DRRM cycles

Useability in DRRM cycles
The real time coordination feature that allows sharing information
among governmental and non governement organizations, disaster With a feature to share relevant mapping
responders coordinate in real time will enhace data parternship. activities among disaster responders,
This will enhance disaster response33. emergency aid agencies and the government
the emergency response will be enhanced34.

Recommendations
Recommendations
Once alerts and incidents are recorded in the system, a platform to
share information such as search, rescue, and relief teams, relief items,
A section for providing a communication and
situational reports, and other relevant information will drastically
coordination platform where organizations can
improve the coordination among the stakeholders. The coordination
share information about completed, ongoing,
of government authorities and other disaster responders is crucial
and planned mapping activities with other
for effective emergency response management. This section can also
stakeholders during emergencies could be
aid effective communication among all tiers of the government for
included in BIPAD portal. This will help the
demarcation of roles and responsibilities for effective management
dissemination of relevant information such as
during and after disaster incidents.
maps showing road blockage after an incident
and will reduce duplication of mapping efforts
BIPAD portal could include a section in the backend and provide
and increases awareness of existing products.
login credentials for the government authorities at each tier of the
government and humanitarian aid agencies for sharing relevant
information, a platform to discuss the plans for emergency response,
and to post updates as relevant.
26
 REFFERED P
A separate set of Features to improve REFFERED PLA
LA
TF TF
OR OR
M M
features based on I-REACT the map Flood Factor
user type

Relevancy to BIPAD portal Relevancy to BIPAD portal

BIPAD portal has a variety of user types including different BIPAD portal relies on OSM and Mapbox for visualizing data.
tiers of government and authorities with various levels of In Nepalese context, lots of places and features are yet to
engagement and goals. BIPAD portal could provide separate be mapped while the features are rapidly changing due to
sets of features bundled together as per user types. BIPAD urbanization and development processes. Hence, to help ensure
portal has separate sub domains for provincial and local more accurate location information, a feature that allows users
levels . The sub-domain should only display information to suggest addition or edits of features in the base layer map
that is relevant to the specific user type. For instance, the could help create feature-rich maps that ultimately help with
district wise hazard map would not be much of a use to getting more accurate situational awareness as well as in more
the municipal government and could be filtered out for the efficient relief and preparedness efforts.
municipal level users.

Useability in DRRM cycles Useability in DRRM cycles

This feature doesn’t directly relate to any specific phase of
DRRM- however, is a way to ease the use of the platform Map data has a significant role in helping in all phases of
for a different type of user by presenting only useful tools DRRM and updated and more accurate map data help increase
for the respective user. This ultimately helps in increasing the effectiveness of any elements of disaster management.
the usability and efficiency of the platform for users and
intervening in all the phases of the DRRM.

Recommendations Recommendations

A feature can be added in the BIPAD portal where users can

BIPAD portal has a variety of user types including different
report issues in the base layer map(OSM or Mapbox) and
tiers of government and authorities with various levels
provide suggestions such as information on locations, places,
of engagement, approaches, and goals. Hence, a DIMS
names of the features and other relevant suggestions to
must take slightly different approaches to address these
improve the map as per the local knowledge. This can help
differences, providing different accesses to the platform
update th e maps continuously as per the recent changes in
with varying approaches, components, and sets of features
the particular area that the user is familiar to. A button can
to these different levels of government. BIPAD portal could
be added on the navigation bar that pop up a form to include
provide separate sets of features bundled together as per
suggestions and report issues on the map.
user types which could play a significant role in ensuring its
maximum utilization.
27
 Challenges References
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Systems to Support Disaster Management.,” 2015.
19 G. G. and P. Peduzzi, “The PREVIEW Global Risk
Data Platform: a geoportal to serve and share
2 M. o. H. A. The Government of Nepal, Nepal Disaster global data on risk to natural hazards.,” Natural
Report, 2019. Hazards and Earth System Science., 2011.
Few challenges that could be encountered while integrating 3 United Nations, Sendai Framework Disaster Risk 20 “inaRISK,” [Online]. Available: http://inarisk.
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4 M. o. H. A. The Government of Nepal, National Disaster 21 “DesInventar,” [Online]. Available: https://

Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2017. www.desinventar.net/DesInventar/main.jsp.
• The Disaster Risk and Management Act 2017, which [Accessed January 2021].
5 M. o. H. A. The Government of Nepal, Disaster Risk
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2018. floodfactor.com/about. [Accessed December
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www.desinventar.lk/index.html. [Accessed
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Nepal.,” Youth Innovation Lab, 2020.
hydrological, climatological, and biological. BIPAD 24 “Risk Info,” [Online]. Available: http://www.
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25 EM-DAT, [Online]. Available: https://public.
terms of their origins- natural and non-natural only. For 2021].
emdat.be/. [Accessed January 2021].
9 Cabinet Office of Japan, “Whiter Paper Disaster
BIPAD portal, while the categorization of hazards into Management in Japan http://www.bousai.go.jp/ 26 “UNDRR,” [Online]. Available: https://www.
undrr.org/terminology. [Accessed December
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Flood Risk Management,” 2017. Management for Health,” 2015.
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11 ”Pacific Disaster Center - DisasterAWARE,” [Online]. 28 T. De Groeve, K. Poljanšek and D. Ehrlich,
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12 International Organization for Migration, “World
• The practice of assigning unique codes to each disaster Disaster Alerts.”. 29 Ogie R. et.al., “Disaster Risk Communication
in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse
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30 I. Mahmud, J. Akter and S. Rawshon, “SMS
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needs to be developed, which could be a challenging 2020]. International Journal of Multidisciplinary
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[Online]. Available: https://www.gdacs.org/default.aspx. 31 T. D. Groeve, T. Peter, A. Annunziato and
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system. 16 “I-React,” [Online]. Available: https://www.i-react.eu/. Coordination System”.
[Accessed November 2020]. 32 Tran. P. et.al., “GIS and Local Knowledge in
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recommendations. php?preview=map&lang=eng. [Accessed November
2020]. 34 EU, UNOCHA, UN0SAT, “Global Disaster Alert
and Coordination System Guidelines.,” 2014.

28
 INNOVATION LAB

Government of Nepal

29