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    Reaction Kinetics

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    anon
    This document discusses chemical kinetics and reaction rates. It defines key concepts such as: - Rate of reaction - the amount of chemical change over time - Collision theory - for a reaction to occur reactants must collide with sufficient energy (activation energy) - Potential energy diagrams show the average energy of reactants and products and energy absorbed during reaction - Rate laws relate the rate of reaction to reactant concentrations - Order of reaction is determined by exponents in the rate law - Half-life is the time for concentration to reduce by half - Temperature affects rate constants based on the Arrhenius equation

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    Reaction Kinetics

    Uploaded by

    anon
    39 views13 pages
    This document discusses chemical kinetics and reaction rates. It defines key concepts such as: - Rate of reaction - the amount of chemical change over time - Collision theory - for a reaction to occur reactants must collide with sufficient energy (activation energy) - Potential energy diagrams show the average energy of reactants and products and energy absorbed during reaction - Rate laws relate the rate of reaction to reactant concentrations - Order of reaction is determined by exponents in the rate law - Half-life is the time for concentration to reduce by half - Temperature affects rate constants based on the Arrhenius equation

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    Reaction Kinetics

    Original Title

    6. Reaction Kinetics

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    This document discusses chemical kinetics and reaction rates. It defines key concepts such as: - Rate of reaction - the amount of chemical change over time - Collision theory - for a reaction to occur reactants must collide with sufficient energy (activation energy) - Potential energy diagrams show the average energy of reactants and products and energy absorbed during reaction - Rate laws relate the rate of reaction to reactant concentrations - Order of reaction is determined by exponents in the rate law - Half-life is the time for concentration to reduce by half - Temperature affects rate constants based on the Arrhenius equation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views13 pages

    Reaction Kinetics

    Uploaded by

    anon
    This document discusses chemical kinetics and reaction rates. It defines key concepts such as: - Rate of reaction - the amount of chemical change over time - Collision theory - for a reaction to occur reactants must collide with sufficient energy (activation energy) - Potential energy diagrams show the average energy of reactants and products and energy absorbed during reaction - Rate laws relate the rate of reaction to reactant concentrations - Order of reaction is determined by exponents in the rate law - Half-life is the time for concentration to reduce by half - Temperature affects rate constants based on the Arrhenius equation

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    You are on page 1of 13

    Chemical Kinetics

    • The study of the rates and mechanisms of


    chemical reaction.

    • Rate of reaction - the amount of chemical


    change that takes place in a given interval of
    time.
    The Rate of Chemical Reaction

    • The rate at which reactants are consumed or


    products are produced in a chemical reaction
    • Will a reaction occur?
    Collision Theory
    for a reaction to occur:
    -reactant particles must collide
    -collision must have a certain minimum
    amount of energy: Activation Energy
    -reactants may require a specific orientation
    Potential Energy Diagrams

    Activation Energy, Avg. Energy of Products,


    E Ea PEP

    DE energy
    absorbed during the
    reaction

    Avg. Energy of Reactants, PER Endothermic Reaction

    reaction progress
    4
    Rate Law
    For General Reaction:

    aA + bB à cC + dD

    The rate law generally has a form


    Rate = k[reactant 1]m[reactant 2]n

    For the reaction above,


    Rate = k[A]a[B]b

    where k in the rate law is called the rate constant

    5
    Order of Reaction
    • The sum of all the exponents of the
    concentration terms in the rate equation
    Sample Problem 1
    How long will it take the carbon monoxide (CO)
    concentration in room to decrease by 99 percent after
    the source of carbon monoxide is removed and the
    windows are opened? Assume the first order rate
    constant for removal (due to dilution by incoming clean
    air) is 1.2/hr. No chemical reaction occurring.
    Half-Life (t½)
    • It is defined as the time required for the
    concentration of a chemical to decrease by
    one-half (for example, [C] = 0.5[C]0).
    Sample Problem 2
    Subsurface half-lives for benzene, TCE, and
    toluene are listed as 69, 231, and 12 days,
    respectively. What are the first-order rate
    constant for all three chemicals.
    Sample Problem 3
    • After a Chernobyl nuclear accident, the concentration of 137Cs
    in milk was proportional to the concentration of 137Cs in the
    grass that cows consumed. The concentration in the grass was,
    in turn, proportional to the concentration in the soil. Assume
    that the only reaction by which 137Cs was lost by soil was
    through radioactive decay and the half-life for this isotope is
    30 years. Calculate the concentration of 137Cs in cow’s milk
    after 5 years if the concentration shortly after the accident was
    12,000 bequerels (Bq) per liter. (Note: A bequerel is a measure
    of radioactivity; 1 bequerel equals 1 radioactive disintegration
    per second.)
    Effect of Temperature on Rate Constants

    Arrhenius equation
    k = Ae –(Ea/RT)
    Where:
    A – preexponential factor (same as k)
    Ea – activation energy (kcal/mole)
    R - gas constant
    T - temperature (K)
    Sample Problem 4
    The rate constant for carbonaceous
    biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) at
    20oC is 0.1/day. What is the rate constant at
    30oC? Assume Ea = 1.072.
    Thank you J

    Dr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico 13

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