UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO

College of Hospitality Education

Program Hospitality Management

Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged

Self-Instructional Manual (SIM) for Self-Directed Learning (SDL)

Course/Subject: THC 1- Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality

Name of Teacher: Dec Vincent M. Lafuente, MBA

THIS SIM/SDL MANUAL IS A DRAFT VERSION ONLY; NOT FOR

REPRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OUTSIDE OF ITS INTENDED
USE. THIS IS INTENDED ONLY FOR THE USE OF THE STUDENTS
WHO ARE OFFICIALLY ENROLLED IN THE COURSE/SUBJECT.
EXPECT REVISIONS OF THE MANUAL.
 College of Hospitality Education
2nd Floor, HRM Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)297-7024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Course Outlines: THC 1 Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality…………. 1
Course Outline Policy………………………………………………………………………. 2
Course Information ………………………………………………………………………... 5
1. Big Picture: Week 1-3 Unit Learning Outcome
Big Picture in Focus: ULOa; Explain the concept Tourism………………….… 6
Metalanguage ……………………………………………………………… 6
Essential Knowledge.………………………………………………………. 6
Tourism Terms ……………………………………………………………… 7
Let’s Check …………………………………………………………………. 9
Let’s Analyze.. .……………………………………………………………… 10
In a Nutshell ………………………………………………………………… 11
Q&A List…………………………………………………………………….. 12
Keywords Index ……………………………………………………………. 12
Big Picture in Focus: ULOb; Discuss the Historical Changes which
have Affected the Growth and Development of Tourism Industry.………..….. 13
Metalanguage….…………………………………………………………… 13
Essential Knowledge………………………………………………………. 13
The History of Tourism….…………………………………………………. 14
Let’s Check.………………………………………………………………… 18
Let’s Analyze: Activity 1…………………………………………………... 20
Let’s Analyze: Activity 2 ………………………………………………….. 21
In a Nutshell ………………………………………………………………… 23
Q&A List…………………………………………………………………….. 24
Keywords Index ……………………………………………………………. 25

2. Big Picture: Week 4-6 Unit Learning Outcome

Big Picture in Focus: ULOa; Explain the Awareness of the Motivating
People to Travel…………………………………………………………………… 25
Metalanguage.……………………………………………………………... 25
Essential Knowledge.……………………………………………………… 26
Travel Motivator.…………………………………………………………… 27
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs.…………………………………..……...….. 28
Classification of Travel Based on Personality ………………………….. 32
Travel Constraints ………………………………………………………… 36
Let’s Check ………………………………………………………………… 38
Let’s Analyze: Activity 1 …….……………………………………………. 39
Let’s Analyze: Activity 2 ……….………………………………………….. 42
In a Nutshell ……………………………………………………………….. 47
Q&A List……………………………………………………………………. 48
Keywords Index …………………………………………………………… 48
Big Picture in Forms: ULOb; Analyze the Economic Impact of
Tourism on a Destination Area……………………………………….……….… 49
Metalanguage.…………………………………………………………….… 49
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PAGE

Essential Knowledge ………………………………………………….….... 49

The Economic of Tourism ……………………………………………….… 49
How to Maximize the Economic Effect of Tourism ……………………… 52
Let’s Check ……………………………………………………………….... 54
Let’s Analyze: Activity 1……….…………………………………………… 59
In a Nutshell…………………………………………………………………. 60
Q&A List……………………………………………………………………… 60
Keywords Index …………………………………………………………….. 61
Big Picture Focus: ULOc; Discuss the Social Nature of Travel……………. 61
Metalanguage ………………………………………………………………. 61
Essential Knowledge ………………………………………………………. 62
The Sociology of Tourism …………………………………………………. 62
Types of Tourism Roles …………………………………………………… 64
Social Tourism ……………………………………………….…………….. 65
Let’s Check ………………………………………………………………..… 66
Let’s Analyze: Activity 1 …….…………………………………….……….. 66
Let’s Analyze: Activity 2 ……….………………………………….….….... 69
In a Nutshell ……………………………………………………………….… 74
Q&A List……………………………………………………………………… 75
Keywords Index ……………………………………………………….….... 75
Big Picture Focus: ULOd; Describe the Effect of Culture in Travel ……… 76
Metalanguage ………………………………………………………………. 76
Essential Knowledge ………………………………………………………. 76
Tourism and Culture ……………………………………………………..… 77
The Importance of Culture Tourism ………………………………………. 77
Let’s Check …………………………………………………………………. 83
Let’s Analyze: Activity 1 ……….………………………………………...… 83
Let’s Analyze: Activity 2 ………….……………………………….…..…… 86
In a Nutshell ………………………………………………………….…..…. 89
Q&A List……………………………………………………………………… 90
Keywords Index ………………………………………………………..…... 90
Big Picture Focus: ULOe; Differentiate the Direct and Indirect
Components of the Tourism Network………………………………………..... 91
Metalanguage …………………………………………………………..….. 91
Essential Knowledge …………………………………………………..….. 91
The Tourism Network and Supplies Component.…………………..…… 92
Transportation and Travel Evolution .………………………………..…… 95
Types of Accommodation ……………………………………………..….. 97
Classification of Hotels .………………………………………………..….. 97
Let’s Check ……………………………………………………………..…. 100
Let’s Analyze: Activity 1 …………………….………………………..……. 100
Let’s Analyze: Activity 2 …………….…………………………….………. 104
In a Nutshell ………………………………………………………………... 107
Q&A List……………………………………………………………………… 108
Keywords Index ………………………………………………………….… 108
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PAGE

3. Big Picture Week 7-9 Unit Learning Outcome

Big Picture Focus: ULOa; Identify the Different Local and
International Organization …………………………………………………….… 109
Metalanguage.…………………………………………………………….… 109
Essential Knowledge.………………………………………………………. 110
Tourism Organization…..…………………………………….…………….. 110
International Tourism Organization ……………………………………… 111
Regional Tourism Organization ………………………………..………… 114
National Tourism Organization ……………….……………………….…. 116
Let’s Check 1……………………………………………………………… 118
Let’s Analyze: Activity 1…….…………………………………………….. 120
In a Nutshell …………………………………………………………….…. 121
Q&A List……………………………………………………………………. 122
Keywords Index …………………………………………………………... 122
Big Picture in Focus: ULOb; Explain the Career Opportunities
in the Travel Agency …………………………………………………………… 123
Metalanguage …………………………………………………………….. 123
Essential Knowledge ……………………………………………………… 123
Employment Opportunities and Qualifications in the Tourism and
Hospitality Industry………………………………………………………… 123
Types of Career Support …………………………………………………. 126
Career Changing ………………………………………………………….. 127
Let’s Check ………………………………………………………………… 128
Let’s Analyze ………………………………………………………………. 129
In a Nutshell ……………………………………………………………….. 131
Q&A List……………………………………………………………………. 131
Keywords Index ……………………………………………………………. 132
Big Picture in Focus: ULOc; Discuss the Social and Economic Changes
That Suggest a Future for the Tourism and Hospitality Industry……….. 132
Metalanguage …………………………………………………………….… 132
Essential Knowledge ………………………………………………………. 133
Current Trends and Issues in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry….. 133
Issues in Tourism ………………………………………………………….. 135
Uniqueness of Tourism Marketing ……………………………………….. 136
Marketing Orientation ……………………………………………………… 136
Marketing Segmentation.………………………………………………….. 136
Product Life Cycle ………………………………………………………….. 137
Legal Issues …………………………….……………………………….….. 138
Operation Service ………………..…………………………………….….. 139
Consumer Affair Issues…………………………….…………….………… 141
Let’s Check……………………………………………………………….…. 142
Let’s Analyze: Activity 1……………….……………………………….…… 142
Let’s Analyze: Activity 2…………….……………………………………… 144
In a Nutshell.………………………………………………………………… 146
Q&A List……………………………………………………………………… 147
Keywords Index …………………………………………………………….. 147
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2nd Floor, HRM Building
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PAGE

Big Picture in Focus: ULOd. Explain the Importance of Ecotourism….… 148

Metalanguage ………………………………………………………………. 148
Essential Knowledge …………………………………………………..…… 149
Types of Ecotourism………………………………………………………… 149
Ecotourism Conference ……………………………………………………. 152
Responsibilities of Tourism.………………………………………………… 152
Let’s Analyze: Activity 1………………….…………………………………. 154
Let’s Analyze: Activity 2……….……………………………………………. 155
In a Nutshell …………………………………………………………………. 156
Q&A List………………………………………………………………………. 156
Keywords Index……………………………………………………………… 157
Big Picture in Focus: ULOe; Discuss the Documentations Needed for
Travel Abroad……………………………………………………………………… 157
Metalanguage.………………………………………………………………. 157
Essential Knowledge.………………………………………………………. 158
The International Travel Experience.……………………………………… 158
Types of Passport…………………………………………………………… 158
Currency Exchange Rate…………………………………………………… 160
International Taxes………………………………………………………….. 161
Let’s Analyze: Activity 1………………….…………………………………. 164
Let’s Analyze: Activity 2…….………………………………………………. 164
In a Nutshell.…………………………………………………………………. 166
Q&A List……………………………………………………………………… 166
Keywords Index……………………………………………………………… 167
Course Schedule……………………………………………………………. 168
Written rubrics………………………………………………………………… 170
Online Code of Conduct…………………………………………………….. 171
 College of Hospitality Education
2nd Floor, HRM Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)297-7024

Course Outline: THC 1- Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality

Course Coordinator: Dec Vincent M. Lafuente,MBA

Email: dlafuente@umindanao.edu.ph
Student Consultation: By online(LMS) blackboard or thru text,emails or calls
Mobile: 0907-575-1006
Phone: (082) 2977024
Effectivity Date: June 2020
Mode of Delivery: Blended Learning (Online)
Time Frame: 54 Hours
Student Workload: Expected Self-Directed Learning
Requisites: None
Credit: 3

Welcome to this Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality Module!

For the background, this module is anchored on the University’s vision of becoming a
world class institutions providing quality, affordable and open education for all. Likewise,
this module is an alternative learning modality as the foregoing world-wide spread of
COVID 19 is yet to be solved. Hence, here we are- the new normal.

Our physical classes are constrained to be scheduled and/or thru via online as pursuant
to the policy guidelines as provided for by the World Health Organization, the state, the
local government unit, and of the University Consequently, most of your time will be
devoted to this module for self-instruction and in the Blackboard Learning Management
System.

This course is designed to give a clear and whole overview of Tourism and Hospitality
as an ecosystem and goes beyond the usual closed concept of tourism. It shows the
structure and scope of tourism as well as the impact of Tourism as an industry in
relation to the world economy and society. It also illustrates the effects of convergence
of tourism with the other local industries and let the students appreciate its multiplier
effect in various fronts. The students will also learn to appreciate the key global
organization and the roles they play in influencing and monitoring tourism trends.

This module has specific topics/information as complied by the coordinators of the

course, However, as a student, you are also encouraged to explore other textbooks,
online references or through multimedia (e.g. Youtube) and/or any means to further
augment your learning and understanding. Limit NOT yourself in learning!

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Course Outline Policy

Areas of Concern Details

This 3-unit course self-instructional manual is
Contact and Non-contact designed for blended learning mode of instructional
Hours delivery with scheduled face to face or virtual
sessions. The expected number of hours will be 54
including the face to face or virtual sessions. The
face to face sessions shall include the summative
assessment tasks (exams).
Submission of assessment tasks shall be on 3rd,
Assessment Task Submission 5th, 7th and 9th week of the term.

Assessment tasks for this course will be done in real

time through the features in the Blackboard Learning
Management System, thus, the schedule shall be
arranged ahead of time by the course coordinator.
For specific types of assessment tasks like essays,
Turnitin Submission(if write-ups or literature review, students’ outputs are
necessary) required to be submitted through Turnitin with a
maximum similarity index of 30% allowed to ensure
honesty and authenticity. This means that if the
student’s paper goes beyond 30%, the student will
either opt to redo his/her paper or explain in writing
addressed to the course coordinator the reasons for
the similarity. In addition, if the paper has reached
more than 30% similarity index, the student may be
called for a disciplinary action in accordance with the
University’s OPM on Intellectual and Academic
Honesty.

Please note that academic dishonesty such as

cheating and commissioning other students or
people to complete the task for you have severe
punishments (reprimand, warning, expulsion)

Penalties for Late The score for an assessment item submitted after
the designated time on the due date, without an
Assignments/Assessments approved extension of time, will be reduced by 5%

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of the possible maximum score for that assessment

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Telefax: (082)297-7024

item for each day or part day that the assessment

item is late.

However, if the late submission of assessment paper

has a valid reason, a letter of explanation should be
submitted and approved by the course coordinator. If
necessary, the student will also be required to
present/attach evidences.
Students will be automatically notified whether they
Return of Assignments/ passed or failed an exam after submission via
Assessments Blackboard.

Other assessment tasks (e.g. essays, case analysis,

problem solving, research papers) will be returned to
the students two (2) weeks after the submission. This
will be returned by email or via Blackboard portal.
You should request in writing addressed to the
Assignment Resubmission course coordinator his/her intention to resubmit an
assessment task. The resubmission is premised on
the student’s failure to comply with the similarity
index and other reasonable grounds such as
academic literacy standards or other reasonable
circumstances e.g. illness, accidents financial
constraints.

Re-marking of Assessment You should request in writing addressed to the

Papers and Appeal program coordinator your intention to appeal or
contest the score given to an assessment task. The
letter should explicitly explain the reasons/points to
contest the grade. The program coordinator shall
communicate with the students on the approval and
disapproval of the request.

If disapproved by the course coordinator, you can

elevate your case to the program head or the dean
with the original letter of request. The final decision
will come from the dean of the college.

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All culled from BlackBoard sessions and traditional

Grading System contact

Course discussions/exercises – 40%

1st formative assessment – 10%
2nd formative assessment – 10%
3rd formative assessment – 10%

Final exam – 30%

Submission of the final grades shall follow the usual

University system and procedures
Preferred Referencing Style APA 6th Edition
You are required to create an umindanao email
Student Communication account which is a requirement to access the
BlackBoard portal. Then, the course coordinator
shall enroll the students to have access to the
materials and resources of the course. All
communication formats: chat, submission of
assessment tasks, requests etc. shall be through the
portal and other university recognized platforms.

You can also meet the course coordinator in person

through the scheduled face to face sessions to raise
your issues and concerns.

For students who have not created their student

email, please contact the course coordinator or
program head.
Contact Details of the Dean Florence Kristina M. Jimenez
0922 432 5186
mellina_florencekristina@umindanao.edu.ph
Contact Details of the Program Jacqueline M. Cenizal

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Head 0917 770 5532

jcenizal@umindanao.edu.ph
Students with Special Needs Students with special needs shall communicate with
the course coordinator about the nature of his or her
special needs. Depending on the nature of the need,
the course coordinator with the approval of the
program coordinator may provide alternative
assessment tasks or extension of the deadline of
submission of assessment tasks. However, the
alternative assessment tasks should still be in the
service of achieving the desired course learning
outcomes.

Instructional Help Desk BSHospMgt@umindanao.edu.ph

Contact Details
Library Contact Details Ms. Christina Perocho
Phone Number: 0951-376-6681
Library@umindanao.edu.ph
Well-being Welfare Support Ms. Danica Baja
Help Desk Contact Details 0975 560 4961

Course Information – see/download course syllabus in the Black Board LMS

Big Picture

Week 1-3: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): At the end of the unit, you are expected to

a. Explain the concept of tourism,

b. Discuss the historical changes which have affected the growth and
development of tourism industry.
Hello future Hoteliers! Welcome to this course THC 1: Macro Perspective of Tourism
and Hospitality. By now, I am confident that you wanted to become a part of our industry
and that you have visualized yourself already working in the Hospitality and Tourism
Sector. Additionally, this lesson expected to evaluate the effect of tourism
convergence with other local industries, and explain how the tourism sustainable
goals help shape the global tourism and help mitigate tourism impacts. Thus, in this

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course, you will required to review the principles of tourism and other related subjects.
This way, you will be able to understand, relate and rationalize the macro perspective of
tourism and hospitality.

It is not surprising that opportunities are everywhere; it only waits for somebody who
has the character, enough knowledge and skills to develop and harness it.
Opportunities are available in any corner or every profession.

The 21st century hoteliers are persons who are capable of doing something different. A
person who is willing to give the best out of him/her. A person who wants to lead his or
her profession in the pursuit of new knowledge, innovation, and new technology which
will transform the society to harness its fullest potentials.

Are you that hoteliers? Will you take the challenge of becoming that hoteliers?

If YES, let us begin!

Big Picture in Focus: ULOa. Explain the concept of tourism

Metalanguage

In this section, the most essential terms relevant to the study the concept of tourism
and to demonstrate ULOa will be operationally defined to establish a common frame
of reference as to how the texts work in your chosen field or career. You will
encounter these terms as we go through the study. Please refer to these definitions
in case you will encounter difficulty in understanding the concept of tourism.

1. Mass Tourism. This is under of tourism professional’s organization, and a kind

of travel by groups or pre-schedule tours.
2. Sustainable development. The ability of the natural system to provide natural
resources and ecosystem services depend on society and the economy.
3. Tourism. Refers to the activity of the tourist in a destinations travelling, touring,
business attracting, tourist entertainment, and the tourist accommodation.
4. Travel Management. Refers to the process of tracking and reporting, controlling
on a company’s travel expenses.
5. Tourism Operation. A tourism service and activity undertaken by a projects
companies for a purpose of the project in the concession area, includes leisure
facilities and activities, trading, access tocultural, services for the operation and
management of a project facilities, natural sites or historical sites, etc.

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6. Tourism Sector. This industry operate different forms of levels private, public,
and from national tourist boards, hotel chain, small scale businesses, and local
tourist enterprises.
7. Tourism Service. This transportation provides by the travel agencies and tour
operator services, tour guide services, hotels, and restaurants to the passengers
to reach the destination.

Please proceed immediately to the “Essential Knowledge” part since the first
lesson is also definition of essential terms.

Essential Knowledge

To perform the aforesaid big picture (unit learning outcomes) for the first three (3)
weeks of the course, you need to fully understand the following essential knowledge
that will be laid down in the succeeding pages. Please note that you are not limited to
exclusively refer to these resources. Thus, you are expected to utilize other books,
research articles, and other resources that are available in the university’s library e.g.
ebrary, search.proquest.com etc.

Tourism Terms

1. Accessibility. The quality of being easy to obtain or use.

1.1 Accessibility having convenient transportation like seaports, private
bicycle, airports, and railways are designs for accessibility of the tourist.
2. Amenities or facilities. A useful facility or feature from the establishment.
Includes food, accommodation, local transport, entertainment, communications,
fitness gym, and spas.
3. Coastal tourism. They experiencing pressure from growth in lifestyles and
growing numbers of tourists who are visiting the destination.
3.1 Coastal environments are limited in extent consisting of only a narrow strip
along the edge of the ocean.
3.2 Coastal areas are often the first environments to experience the
detrimental impacts of tourism.
4. Domestic tourism. Refers to travel within the boundaries of a country.
5. Domestic travel form of travel within a destination in a country.
6. Ecotourism a form of tourism involved visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively
undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale
alternative to standard commercial mass tourism.
6.1 Its purpose to educate the traveller, to provide funds for ecological
conservation, to directly benefit the economic development and political

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empowerment of local communities, or to foster respect for different cultures

and human rights.
7. Events are also attractions that bring revenue and numbers of tourists to the
area.
8. Event attraction. It is one in which tourists are drawn to destination solely
because of what taking place there.
9. Excursionist. A temporary visitors who do not stay in e country that they visit.
10. Governments. Assessing the both needs of tourist and local, national, and
international destinations.
11. Humane tourism. This also considers as part of a movement of responsible
tourism and has an idea to empower local communities by travel-related
businesses around the world.
11.1 Humane tourism also focuses on the local community and the local
people.
12. Independent tour. This tour design for free independent traveller or
independent tourists. The tourist buys these facilities separately.
13. International tourism. It is involves the movement of tourists across
international boundaries.
14. Local communities. A beneficiary of sustainable tourism through job creation,
infrastructure development, and economic development.
15. Man-made attraction. Historical or architecture attractions made by man.
16. Natural attraction. This attraction created by nature include mountains,
beaches, and climatic features.
17. Non-governmental organizations. Support stakeholders in advocating
sustainable tourism.
18. Package tour. A list of packages that offer to the clients, maybe individual or
group travel.
19. Responsible hospitality. Is give better places for the people to travel, visit and
line in.
20. Responsible tourism a form of tourism to represents an approach to engaging
with tourism businesses, and tourists in a destination or any tourism
stakeholder.
21. Site attraction. Tourists visit a destination because of the natural beauty,
cultural value, entertainment, leisure and amusement, and historical
significance of the places.
22. Sustainable development. The ability of the natural system to provide natural
resources and ecosystem services depend on society and the economy.
23. Sustainable tourism. Is the concept of tourist to visit somewhere and trying to
make a positive impact on the economy, environment, and society.
24. Tourism. The tourists travel for pleasure, touring, tourist entertainment,
business attracting, food, and accommodations.
23.1 Tourism a movement of people to travel in any destination outside the
places and normally live and work during their stay.
23.2 Tourism is the process of spending time away from home in pursuing
activities like relaxation, recreation, and pleasure.

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23.3 Tourism used during the early 19th century that derived from the Hebrew
word Torah means learned, study, and search.
25. Tourism service. This transportation provides by the travel agencies and tour
operator services, tour guide services, hotels, and restaurants to the
passengers to reach the destination.
24.1 Tourist services consist of those provided by the travel agent and by the
tour operator.
24.2 Other tourist service: currency, demonstration, information, sightseeing
and shopping.
26. Tourist. Temporary visitors who make at least one overnight stay in a place.
27. Tourist attraction is a place where tourists visit because of the tourist
attractions, natural and cultural sites, museums and galleries, architectural
structures, zoos and entertainments, historical places, theme parks, festivals
and events, sports facilities, wildlife, monuments, and people.
28. Tourist destination. A geographical unit that is market itself as a place to visit
for touris.
27.1 The tourist destination depends on the success of the interrelationship of
three basic factors: attractions, amenities or facilities, and accessibility.
29. Tourist product. The sum of psychological and physical satisfaction and
provides tourists during travel to a destination.

Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you
further understand the lesson:
1. Bender, S. B., & Partlow, C. G. (2015). A profile of the hospitality industry.
Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com. “How the industry operates” Pp. 7-
36; “Uniqueness of the Hospitality Product” Pp. 65-72.
2. PNoy launches 'Pilipinas Kay Ganda' as new tourism campaign slogan". Press
release. Philippine Information Agency. November 14, 2010.
3. USA Today (). What Is the Meaning of Sustainable Tourism?, by Jamie Lisse.
4. Vanzi, Sol Jose (June 8, 1998). "RP Wins Bid To Host World EXPO 2002".
Philippine Hedline News Online. Retrieved October 19, 2016(PDF). DBM.
Retrieved January 22, 2015.
5. (Source - http://www.you2uk.com/natural-attractions.html )
6. (PDF). DBM. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
7. "New PH tourism slogan "Pilipinas Kay Ganda" fails to impress tourism
industry, netizens".
8. https://ecotourism.org/what-is-ecotourism/
9. https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/tourism-operations
10. https://www.stat.fi/meta/kas/kotimmatkailu-en.html
11. https://www.travelperk.com/blog/travel-amagement.

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Q&A LIST. This section allows you to list down all questions and issues relative to the
lesson you would like to raise. You may also raise these questions thru the LMS. You
are also the one to write the answers after questions have been clarified.

Do you have any question for clarification?

Questions/Issues Answers
1.

2.

3.

4.

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KEYWORDS INDEX. The following terms and concepts discussed in this unit of
lesson are important for you to remember. To help you review, please review the
terms below.

Tourist Events Domestic Travel

Tourism Event Attraction Sustainable tourism
Travel Agency Tourist Destination Sustainable Development
Excursionist Natural Attraction Coastal Tourism

Big Picture in Focus: ULOb.

Discuss the historical changes which have affected the growth and
development of tourism industry,

Metalanguage

In this section, the most essential terms relevant to the study the definition of
tourism and to demonstrate ULOa will be operationally defined to establish a common
frame of reference as to how the texts work in your chosen field or career. You will
encounter these terms as we go through learning and understanding of the lessons.

1. Economics. Is the study of social science the production, distribution,

and consumption of goods and services.
l Economics also focuses on the interaction and behavior of how economic work, and
economic agents.
l Economics is the study of human behavior of a relationship between ends and
scare.
2. Economic analysis. It is applied in society, business, real estate, health and care
finance, and government. It is also a diverse subject as education, crime, law,
family, religion, politics, social institutions, environment, war, and science.
3. Economy. It is an area of distribution, production, and
the consumption of goods and services in every different agent.

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l Economy is also a social domain that practices, discourses, and material

expressions associated with the production, and management of resources'.
l Economy is a result of a set of processes that involve education, history, culture,
political structure, values, technological evolution, ecology, social organization,
geography, and natural resource endowment.
4. Transport or transportation. Is the movement of people, goods, and animals from
one place to another.
5. Transport infrastructure. Consisting of fixed installations, including railways,
airways, roads, canals, waterways, and pipelines and terminals such as railways
stations, airports, seaport, bus stations, trucking terminals, warehouses, and refueling
depots.

Essential Knowledge

This unit of the lesson will provide you an overview of tourism. Specifically, this
lesson will introduce to you the history of tourism. Concepts and theories learned from
your previous major courses in hospitality management will also be reviewed and are
also relevant in understanding the importance of tourism.

The History of Tourism

l Tourism during 20th century- World War I brought about many changes which
influence the volume of tourism.

1. Early tourism. In 19th century the term is use derived from the Hebrew word
Torah means, learning, studying, and searching.

Two forms of Early Tourist

1. Travel for business- such as trading and religious travel.

2. The invention of money- Sumerians facilitate travel and exchange of

goods.

2. Tourism in the Medieval Period. Travel declined, travel became burdensome,

dangerous, and demanding during this time.
2.1 Thieves inflicted harm on those dared to travel, during that time no one
travelled for pleasure.

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2.2 During medieval period Crusaders and pilgrims only ones who travel.
3. Tourism during the Renaissance and Elizabethan Eras. In the early 16th
century during the time of Elizabeth I , the travel for education become popular
many young men seeking positions in court they are encouraged to travel to the
continent to widen their education.
3.1 The education of a gentlemen should be completed by a Grand Tour of the
cultural centers of continent lasted for three years.
3.2 During the travel gentlemen experience sick sought and the remedy for
their illness in “spas” or medical baths. Travels immersed the in the healing
water.
4. Tourism during the Industrial Revolution. During this time not only about
technological changes, but also essential social changes that made travel
desirable.
4.1 During the holidays the emerging middle class traveled to the countryside
or seashore.
4.2 Working class resorts near major industries center were created.

5. Tourism in the 19th century. Railroads created not only more business, but
more competition in various private companies invested heavily in resorts, hotels,
and entertainment facilities.
5.1 Steamers led to the popular day trip cruiser and coastal resorts growth
near the large industrial town. They also provide reliable and inexpensive
transportation.
5.2 During that time the tourism organization of travel institutions established.
5.3 Travel organization emerged. In 1974 the famous Thomas Cook
introduced the “circular notes” were accepted by hotels, banks, shops, and
restaurant.
6. Tourism in the early 20th century. World War I brought about many changes
which influence the volume of tourism.
6.1 New forms of mass communication stimulated curiosity about other
countries. The influence of posters and the press, the cinema, radio, and
television widened knowledge and the internet in travel. Motorized public
road transportation and improved road conditions led to the popularity of
seaside tours.
6.2 World War II also led to increased interest in travel. In 1958 the
introduction
of Boeing 707 jest. Air travel becomes faster, safe cheaper, and
comfortable compared to other forms of transportation. The age of air
travel for the masses arrived, the decline in sea travel has hasten. The
ownership of a private car is an increase, causing the switch to the use of
private cars, and this change affected both rail and coach services.
6.3 Hotels devise their programs from an overnight stay too short stay holidays
for the private motorist.
6.4 Governments created an ordinance for more vacation time and holidays
into the familiar long “weekends” throughout the year.

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6.5 The 1970s have also seen the emergence of new patterns of tourism. As
economic power has shifted between countries, new tourism generating
countries arose. Europe, as well as the developing tourist-based economic
of Asia has benefited from this influx.
7. Origin of Tourism in the Philippines. - Traces origins in the ancient times when
the first group of people migrate through land bridges and followed by the second
group of migrations from the Malayan archipelago in the south and the north of
Taiwan. A more recognizable from the tourism in the Philippines happened when
wooden boats sailed between Philippines and Mexico during the galleon trade.
7.1 In the 1920s the steamship and the airline pioneers, the “China Clipper”
and the “Manila Clipper,” brought some passenger to Manila via
Hongkong.
7.2 Travelers from the U.S., China, Japan, and Europe were provided inland
tours by entrepreneurs with their unregistered private cars and coaches
called “colorum,” There were some offices like the American Express
International which informally arranged land tours for foreign travelers.
There were only few tourism attraction and destination.
7.3 In 1952, the first tourism association in the Philippines was organized. The
government organized the Board of Traveler and Tourist Industry (BTTI).
7.4 In the late 1950s, more hotels and restaurant and entertainment facilities
were established.
7.5 After the declaration of martial law in 1972, tourism proposed. The
Philippines become “ bargain destination” to foreign visitors. Tourism today
is the result of the continuous development and promotion of tourism 1950
to present.
8. DOT Plan and Program. Increase visitor arrivals, especially from nearby market
and high spending. Increase tourism receipts, through longer stays and higher
spending per day. Expand domestic tourism through more promotions, cheaper
tour package, and new. Expand the capacity for tourism by promoting more
private sector investment, improve the standards of service through the expansion
of training programs for the professionalization of the tourism management and
labor force. Program major tourism infrastructure project.
8.1 Engage in major tourism estate and resort development, Classify facilities
in tourism sites according to international standards, Enforce strictly the
tour facility standards, Promote self-regulation within the different sector of
the tour industry.
8.2 Complete the national tourism plan and a destination tourism plan.
Encourage consumer advertising in selected markets.
8.3 Work closely with the private sector product development. Develop and
strengthen linkages with the local governments, The private sector, and
General public.

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Structure of Organizational
Headed by the Secretary of Tourism (Philippines), with the
following four undersecretaries and assistant secretaries

• Undersecretary for Administration and Special Concerns

• Undersecretary for Public Affairs, Communications & Special
Projects
• Undersecretary for Tourism Development Planning
• Undersecretary for Tourism Promotions
• Undersecretary for Tourism Regulation Coordination & Resource
Generations
• Assistant Secretary for Administration and Special Concerns
• Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Communications and Special
Projects
• Assistant Secretary for Tourism Development Planning
• Assistant Secretary for Tourism Regulation Coordination &
Resource Generation for Luzon and Visayas
• Assistant Secretary for Tourism Regulation Coordination &
Resource Generation for Metro Manila Cluster
Offices and Bureaus

l Office of Tourism Information.

l Office of Tourism Standards.
l Office of Tourism Development Planning
l Office of Product Development
l Office of Tourism Coordination
l Bureau of Domestic Tourism Promotions and Information
l Bureau of International Tourism Promotions

The Department of Tourism Slogan

• Fiesta Islands Philippines

• WOW Philippines (2002)
• Pilipinas Kay Ganda (2010)
• It's More Fun in the Philippines!
• Experience the Philippines (2017)

The Tourism Projects

• Visit Islands Philippines 1994

• Miss Universe 1994
• Florikultura '98 – international horticulture exhibition
• Expo Pilipino 1998 – Philippine Centennial International
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9. The International Travel Patterns. Major travel flows occur between the United
Stated and Western Europe. Travel to Africa is usually one way, originating in
Europe. The heaviest flow of air traffic into Europe is between New York and
London. The cities in Europe most frequently visited by tourist are London, Paris,
Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Brussels.
9.1 The top ten countries generating international travel in rank order are:
United State, West Germany, United kingdom, Canada, Japan, France,
The Netherlands Mexico, Switzerland, Australia.
9.2 Travel between Europe countries has been very popular.
10. Factors that favor the growth of tourism.
10.1 Rising the income for large sections of the population.
10.2 Increase growth numbers of retired persons who have the desire to
travel both local and international.
10.3 Increase in the number of holidays and longer days for vacations and
shorter work weeks

Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you
further understand the lesson:

1. Bender, S. B., & Partlow, C. G. (2015). A profile of the hospitality industry.

Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com. “How the industry operates” Pp. 7-
36; “Uniqueness of the Hospitality Product” Pp. 65-72.
2. DFPC website

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3. Official DOT Philippines website

4. Official DOT Philippines Twitter account
5. (Source - http://www.you2uk.com/natural-attractions.html )
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport

Q&A LIST. This section allows you to list down all questions and issues relative
to the lesson you would like to raise. You may also raise these questions thru the
LMS. You are also the one to write the answers after questions have been
clarified.

Do you have any question for clarification?

Questions/Issues Answers

1.

2.

3.

4.

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5.

KEYWORDS INDEX. The following terms and concepts discussed in this unit
of lesson are important for you to remember. To help you review, please review
the terms below.

Tourism Slogan Tourism Growth Economic

Tourism Project Transportation Economy
Department of International Travel Tourism in the
Tourism Pattern Medieval Period
Domestic Tourism Travel Pattern Migration

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COURSE SCHEDULES
This section calendars all the activities and exercises, including readings and lectures, as well
as time for making assignments and doing other requirements, in a programmed schedule by
days and weeks, to help the students in SDL pacing, regardless of mode of delivery (OBD or
DED).
Activity Date Where to Submit

Week 1 - 3

Big Picture A: Let’s Check Activities August 20, 2020

Big Picture A: Let’s Analyze Activities August 20, 2020

Big Picture A: In a Nutshell Activities August 25, 2020

Big Picture A: QA List August 26, 2020

Big Picture B: Let’s Check Activities August 28, 2020

Big Picture B: Let’s Analyze Activities August 28, 2020

Big Picture B: In a Nutshell Activities September 1, 2020

Big Picture B: QA List September 1, 2020

Big Picture C: Let’s Check Activities September 2, 2020

Big Picture C: Let’s Analyze Activities September 2, 2020

Big Picture C: In a Nutshell Activities September 3, 2020

Big Picture C: QA List September 3, 2020
FIRST EXAM September 4, 2020

Big Picture D: Let’s Check Activities September 9, 2020

Big Picture D: Let’s Analyze Activities September 10, 2020

Big Picture D: In a Nutshell Activities September 11, 2020

Big Picture D: QA List September 11, 2020

Week 4 - 6

Big Picture A: Let’s Check Activities September 14, 2020

Big Picture A: Let’s Analyze Activities September 14, 2020

Big Picture A: In a Nutshell Activities September 15, 2020

Big Picture A: QA List September 15, 2020

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Big Picture B: Let’s Check Activities September 16, 2020

Big Picture B: Let’s Analyze Activities September 16, 2020

Big Picture B: In a Nutshell Activities September 17, 2020

Big Picture B: QA List September 17, 2020

SECOND EXAM September 18, 2020

Big Picture C: Let’s Check Activities September 22, 2020

Big Picture C: Let’s Analyze Activities September 23, 2020

Big Picture C: In a Nutshell Activities September 23, 2020

Big Picture C: QA List September 24, 2020

Big Picture D: Let’s Check Activities September 25, 2020

Big Picture D: Let’s Analyze Activities September 25, 2020

Big Picture D: In a Nutshell Activities September 29, 2020

Big Picture D: QA List September 29, 2020

Week 7 - 9

Big Picture A: Let’s Check Activities September 29, 2020

Big Picture A: Let’s Analyze Activities September 30, 2020

Big Picture A: In a Nutshell Activities October 1, 2020

Big Picture A: QA List October 1, 2020

Activity Date Where to Submit

THIRD EXAM October 2, 2020

Big Picture B: Let’s Check Activities October 4, 2020

Big Picture B: Let’s Analyze Activities October 8, 2020

Big Picture B: In a Nutshell Activities October 9, 2020

Big Picture B: QA List October 9, 2020

Big Picture C: Let’s Check Activities October 10, 2020

Big Picture C: Let’s Analyze Activities October 11, 2020

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Big Picture C: In a Nutshell Activities October 11, 2020

Big Picture C: QA List October 14, 2020

FINAL EXAM October 15-16, 2020

Rubrics Score
Content: the topic is very clearly stated; the topic is narrowed

Name of Student: _________________________________ Date: ____________

Name of Activity: _________________________________ Score: ___________

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sufficiently; the specific idea has clearly been taken into account 5

Organization: the topic has a clear introduction that catches the

attention, effectively and is connected to the whole; effective transitions
recap each main point; the conclusion effectively summarizes the 5
content and is related to the whole

Development: all main points begin with a clear topic sentence; all main
and supporting points are supported by specific and highly effective
examples/evidence; the main and supporting points all relate to each 5
other
Style: Essay contains above average composition skills, including a clear,
insightful content, although development may be insufficient in one area
and style is consistently clear and effective. Shows competence in the 5
use of mechanics. Accomplishes the goals of the assignment with an
overall effective approach.

References: outside sources and incorporated logically, insight-fully, and

5
elegantly; sources are documented accurately
Essay demonstrates excellent composition skills including a clear and
appropriate and effective organization, lively and convincing supporting
materials, effective words and sentence skills, and perfect or near 5
perfect mechanics including spelling and punctuation. The writing
perfectly accomplishes the objectives of the assignment.

TOTAL 30%

Online Code of Conduct

(1) All teachers/Course Facilitators and students are expected to abide by an honor code of
conduct, and thus everyone and all are exhorted to exercise self-management and self-
regulation.

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(2) Faculty members are guided by utmost professional conduct as learning facilitators in
holding OBD and DED conduct. Any breach and violation shall be dealt with properly under
existing guidelines, specifically on social media conduct (OPM 21.15) and personnel
discipline (OPM 21.11).

(3) All students are likewise guided by professional conduct as learners in attending OBD or
DED courses. Any breach and violation shall be dealt with properly under existing
guidelines, specifically in Section 7 (Student Discipline) in the Student Handbook.

(4) Professional conduct refers to the embodiment and exercise of the University’s Core
Values, specifically in the adherence to intellectual honesty and integrity; academic
excellence by giving due diligence in virtual class participation in all lectures and activities,
as well as fidelity in doing and submitting performance tasks and assignments; personal
discipline in complying with all deadlines; and observance of data privacy.

(5) Plagiarism is a serious intellectual crime and shall be dealt with accordingly. The University
shall institute monitoring mechanisms online to detect and penalize plagiarism.

(6) All borrowed materials uploaded by the teachers/Course Facilitators shall be properly
acknowledged and cited; the teachers/Course Facilitators shall be professionally and
personally responsible for all the materials uploaded in the online classes or published in
SIM/SDL manuals.

(7) Teachers/Course Facilitators shall devote time to handle OBD or DED courses and shall
honestly exercise due assessment of student performance.

(8) Teachers/Course Facilitators shall never engage in quarrels with students online. While
contentions intellectual discussions are allowed, the teachers/Course Facilitators shall take
the higher ground in facilitating and moderating these discussions. Foul, lewd, vulgar and
discriminatory languages are absolutely prohibited.

(9) Students shall independently and honestly take examinations and do assignments, unless
collaboration is clearly required or permitted. Students shall not resort to dishonesty to
improve the result of their assessments (e.g. examinations, assignments).

(10) Students shall not allow anyone else to access their personal LMS account. Students shall
not post or share their answers, assignment or examinations to others to further academic
fraudulence online.

(11) By handling OBD or DED courses, teachers/Course Facilitators agree and abide by all the
provisions of the Online Code of Conduct, as well as all the requirements and protocols in
handling online courses.

(12) By enrolling in OBD or DED courses, students agree and abide by all the provisions of the
Online Code of Conduct, as well as all the requirements and protocols in handling online
courses.

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Course prepared by:

DEC VINCENT M. LAFUENTE

Course Facilitator/Faculty

Course reviewed by:

JACQUELINE M. CENIZAL
Program Head, BSHM

Approved by:

FLORENCE KRISTINA M. JIMENEZ

Dean, CHE

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