8

English
Quarter 1–Module 2:
Use of Conventions in Citing Sources

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Joi G. Quiambao
Editor: Emmanuel D. Cervantes & Bernadette L. Lejarde
Reviewer: Bernadette L. Lejarde & Keena Marie M. Sibug
Illustrator: Joi G. Quiambao
Layout Artist: Keena Marie M. Sibug
Management Team: SDS Zenia G. Mostoles, EdD, CESO V
ASDS Leonardo C. Canlas, EdD, CESE
ASDS Rowena T. Quiambao, CESE
CID Chief, Celia R. Lacanlale, PhD
SGOD Chief, Arceli S. Lopez, PhD
June D. Cunanan, EPS-I, English
Ruby M. Jimenez, EPS-I, LRMDS

Published by the Department of Education, Schools Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando, Pampanga
Telephone No: (045) 435-2728
E-mail Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the English 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Use of Conventions in
Citing Sources.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from public
institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set
by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need
to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the English 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Use of Conventions in
Citing Sources .

The world is composed of people with distinct knowledge and beliefs toward something. You need
to embrace the fact that not everyone thinks the way you think, know the things you know, believe
the things you believe, nor act the way you act. Yet, this diversity is known to be the individual’s
intellectual property that should be acknowledged. Thus, acknowledgement on one’s belongings,
be it in any form, defines gratitude.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of
the learning resource while being an active learner. Please remember not make any markings
on this module and write your answers on your notebook.

What I Need to Know

What would you feel if something that belongs to you has been used without your
knowledge? In this culture, we consider our words and ideas as intellectual property; like
a car or any other possession, we believe our words belong to us and cannot be used
without our permission. Citing is one way on how to acknowledge one’s idea. It is a short
way to uniquely identify a published work within the body of your text, ideas, figures,
images, etc. from another place.
 This module will help you understand the importance of acknowledging the source
of the information and you will discover the ways on how to use conventions in citing
sources as well as the elements.
Let’s begin your journey here:
In gathering information, we tend to find various sources and references and
eventually use them.
It is extremely important, in academic writing, to give full acknowledgement when
you are quoting or paraphrasing other people's ideas. Properly acknowledging your
sources allows you to avoid plagiarism or any sort of academic dishonesty.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. understand the importance of conventions in citing sources;
2. distinguish the elements of bibliographical details;
3. identify the different sources to be cited; and
4. arrange the citations following the right format.

What I Know

Read the statements below, then identify the source to be used in locating the
information. Put a check mark (/) on the space provided before each letter. Use your
notebook when answering.
1. It contains the denotative meaning of a word.
A. dictionary B. journal C. newspaper
2. Among the following, which is considered to be the most commonly used search
engine?
A. diary B. dictionary C. google
3. Which among the following is a primary source?
A. diary B. dictionary C. google
4. Which source should be used in searching for facts and current trends?
A. Newspaper B. dictionary C. article
5. A piece of writing included with others in a newspaper, magazine, or other
publication.
A. article B. dictionary C. newspaper

Lesson
Using Conventions in Citing Sources
12
Referencing or citing sources allows you to acknowledge the contribution of
other writers and researchers in your work. It is also a way to give credit to the writers
from whom you have borrowed words and ideas and to avoid the process of taking other
people's words and/or ideas and pretending that they are your own which is considered
to be an academic dishonesty such as plagiarism. Printed books are not the only sources
that require acknowledgement. One major purpose of citations is to simply provide credit
where it is due. When you provide accurate citations, you are acknowledging both the
hard work that has gone into producing research and the person(s) who performed that
research.

Why should I cite?

https://images.app.goo.gl/yQHGnZnYHN63P9qe9

• It helps you to avoid plagiarism by making it clear which ideas are your own and which
are someone else’s
• It shows your understanding of the topic
• It gives supporting evidence for your ideas, arguments and opinions
• It allows others to identify the sources you have used.
As a student, citing is important because it shows your reader (or professor) that you
have invested time in learning what has already been learned and thought about the topic
before offering your own perspective. It is the practice of giving credit to the sources that
inform your work. Any words, ideas or information taken from any source requires a
reference. This is one good way to show your reader you've done proper research by
listing sources you used to get your information. Not only do citations provide context
for your work but they also lend credibility and authority to your claims. Providing
accurate citations puts your work and ideas into an academic context. American
Psychological Association (APA) is one of the major styles of citing sources.

What’s In

Write “fact” before the statement which is true about the importance of citing sources,
“Bluff” if it’s not. Write your answer on your notebook.

1. allows you to acknowledge the contribution of other writers and researchers in

your work
2. a way to give credit to the writers
3. only the words taken from other source require a reference.
4. plagiarism is one of the consequences of not citing sources.
5. all information taken from different sources should be acknowledge.

Notes to the Teacher

The teacher must consider the prerequisite skills needed
in the development of this competency including the schema or
background knowledge which may reinforce learning. This
module will help the learners bridge the gap of learning to attain
mastery of the lesson in its spiral progression.
 What’s New

Do you know that taking one’s idea without any permission can lead to a serious
consequence?

https://images.app.goo.gl/jDr6uySgKqYy3f9z5

The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own is known
to be plagiarism. With the help of proper citation and referencing, plagiarism can be avoided.

https://images.app.goo.gl/BmqtSc8JGEPniyUb7

What is It

Knowing the proper term for your paper’s list of citations can be confusing. Do I
call it a work cited page? Should it actually be called a bibliography? How is it different
from a reference list?
In this activity, you will understand what these three
terms mean and how they are different or related to one
another.
Remember that each citation style has its own way
of naming the list of sources you used in your paper. Here https://images.app.goo.gl/EtJ4XfefRYfUoebx9
we break down the differences in these list types, so that
you can better understand which option works best for your work.

A Works Cited list is an alphabetical list of works cited,

or sources you specifically called out while composing your
paper. All works that you have quoted or paraphrased should
be included. When you cite sources using APA
format (American Psychological Association) style, the page
should be titled References, and is arranged alphabetically
http://clipart-library.com/reference-
by author last name. Bibliography, meanwhile, lists all the
cliparts.html material you have consulted in preparing your essay, whether
you have actually referred to and cited the work or not.
Elements of Standard Citations

Citations consist of standard elements, and contain all the information necessary to
identify and track down publications, including:

• author name(s)
• titles of books, articles, and journals
• date of publication
• page numbers
• volume and issue numbers (for articles)

What should I cite?

https://images.app.goo.gl/Nx6t1j5VZpDuox8v6

The information below will help you be familiarized with the sources you need to be cited:

• Facts, figures, ideas, or other information that is not common knowledge

• Ideas, words, theories, or exact language that another person used in other
publications
• Publications that must be cited include: books, book chapters, articles, web pages,
theses, etc.
• Another person's exact words should be quoted and cited to show proper credit

Now that you have already equipped yourself on the elements of standard citations and the
sources that should be cited, let’s explore more!

Bibliography contains a list of books or articles, or both,

relating to a particular subject. In a research paper, a
bibliography is an alphabetical list, sometimes grouped into
categories, containing the names of all works quoted from or
https://images.app.goo.gl/QLzrpqsSbivmU6U56 generally used in its preparation. Every formally prepared
research paper should contain a bibliography placed at the
end and begun on a separate page.

Below are standard formats and examples for basic bibliographic information
recommended by the American Psychological Association (APA):

Books
Author's last name, first initial. (Publication date). Book title. Additional information. City
of publication: Publishing company.
One Author
Tompkins, G. 2000. Teaching Writing (3rd ed.) New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Two Authors
Dorn, L. & Soffos, C. 2005. Teaching for Deep Comprehension. Maine: Stenhouse
Publishers.
Several Authors
Lauengco, A., et.al. 1999. English CV for High Schools (3rd ed.). Makati: Bookmark Inc.
Encyclopedia & Dictionary
Author's last name, first initial. (Date). Title of Article. Title of Encyclopedia (Volume,
pages). City of publication: Publishing company.

Examples:

• Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia britannica (Vol. 26,

pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
• Pettingill, O. S., Jr. (1980). Falcon and Falconry. World book encyclopedia. (pp.
150-155). Chicago: World Book.

Magazine & Newspaper Articles

Author's last name, first initial. (Publication date). Article title. Periodical title, volume
number(issue number if available), inclusive pages.
Note: Do not enclose the title in quotation marks. Put a period after the title. If a periodical
includes a volume number, italicize it and then give the page range (in regular type) without
"pp." If the periodical does not use volume numbers, as in newspapers, use p. or pp. for page
numbers.
Note: Unlike other periodicals, p. or pp. precedes page numbers for a newspaper reference in
APA style.

• Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal

articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.

Website or Webpage
Online periodical:
Author's name. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number,
Retrieved month day, year, from full URL
Online document:
Author's name. (Date of publication). Title of work. Retrieved month day, year, from full URL
Note: When citing Internet sources, refer to the specific website document. If a document is
undated, use "n.d." (for no date) immediately after the document title. Break a lengthy URL that
goes to another line after a slash or before a period. Continually check your references
to online documents. There is no period following a URL.
Note: If you cannot find some of this information, cite what is available.

• Devitt, T. (2001, August 2). Lightning injures four at music festival. The Why? Files. Retrieved
January 23, 2002, from http://whyfiles.org/137lightning/index.html

Note: If a document is contained within a large and complex website (such as that for a
university or a government agency), identify the host organization and the relevant program or
department before giving the URL for the document itself. Precede the URL with a colon.

• Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and
well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2000,
from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html
• GVU's 8th WWW user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved August 8, 2000, from
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/usersurveys/survey1997-10/
• Health Canada. (2002, February). The safety of genetically modified food crops.
Retrieved 893-896from http://www.hc-
sc.gc.ca/english/protection/biologics_genetics/gen_mod_foods/genmodebk.html
 What’s More

Independent Activity 1: Let’s try it!

Using a line, match the details in column A with the elements of standard citation in
column B. Write your answer on your notebook.

A B
1. To Kill a Mockingbird a. Author’s name
2. Lee, H. b. Place of publication
3. (1982) c. Publisher
4. New York d. Title of the book
5. Warner Books e. Year of publication

Independent Assessment 1: Name it!

Label the elements of the following bibliographical information. Write your answer on your
notebook.

_____1. Toomer, J. (1988). Cane. Ed.Darwin T. Turner. New York: Norton.

_____2. Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield,
MA: Merriam-Webster.
_____3. Trillin, C. (1993, February 15). Culture shopping. New Yorker, pp. 48-
51.
_____4. Dove, R. (1998). Lady freedom among us. The Electronic Text Center.
Retrieved June 19, 1998, from Alderman Library, University of Virginia
website:http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/subjects/afam.html
_____5. Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's
schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

Independent Activity 2: Mix and Match!

Using the details in Independent Assessment 1, match the given bibliographical
information with the sources below. Write the letter on your notebook.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

https://images.app.goo.gl/BaQBiDP5cRRWVAeC https://images.app.goo.gl/FgKB8m6uFJTdy
6 WNa9 https://images.app.goo.gl/AnmC5gsFjaHaa7PS6
https://images.app.goo.gl/Pqx8eovtNbMC9Mqz https://images.app.goo.gl/njsVchLHi1TEDuKG6
8

a. Toomer, J. (1988). Cane. Ed.Darwin T. Turner. New York: Norton.

b. Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-
Webster.
c. Trillin, C. (1993, February 15). Culture shopping. New Yorker, pp. 48-51.
d. Dove, R. (1998). Lady freedom among us. The Electronic Text Center. Retrieved June
19, 1998, from Alderman Library, University of Virginia
website:http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/subjects/afam.html
e. Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-
31.

Independent Assessment 2: It’s your choice!

Given the choices below, choose the letter that corresponds to your answer. Write your
answer on your notebook.
1. Jim search for his homework using the books in the library. Which among the
following should be taken by Jim for his Bibliography?
a. Author’s address c. Author’s love life
b. Authour’s birthday d. Author’s name
2. When citing sources from a website, the following are the elements needed,
EXCEPT;
a. Title of article
b. Author's name
c. Date of publication
d. Place of Publication
3. What does et.al. mean in a bibliography?
a. a source has one author
b. a source has two authors
c. a source has several authors
d. a source has unknown author
4. What punctuation mark is used to separate the place of publication and
publishing company?
a. Colon b. Comma c. Period d. Semi-colon
5. When citing Internet sources, the following should be done, EXCEPT;
a. Do not put period following a URL
b. Refer to the specific website document.
c. If you cannot find some of this information, do not cite anymore.
d. If a document is undated, use "n.d." (for no date) immediately after the
document title.

Independent Activity 3: Break it down!

Write the details on their corresponding citation elements. Write your answers on your
notebook.
1. Malcom R. Eiselen/ “Franklin Benjamin” / The World Book Encyclopedia/ 1999
Author of the article:
“Title of the Article”:
Title of Encyclopidia:
Date of Edition:
2. Daniel Cohen/ America’s Very Own Ghosts/ New York: / Doubleday / 1985
Author:
Title of the book:
City of Publication:
Publisher:
Date of publication:
3. Elizabeth Smith/ David Wright / Rocks and Minerals / Chicago / Macmilan / 1995
Author / s:
 Title of the book:
City of Publication:
Publisher:
Date o f publication:
4. Gabor S. Boritt/ World Book Online / 10 September 1999 / “Civil War”
/http://www.worldbookonline.com/na/ar/fs/ar117060.html
Author of the article:
“Title of the Article”:
Title of website:
Date of visit:
Web address:
5. Hilts, P. J. / In forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out / New York
Times. /(1999, February 16) / Retrieved November 21, 2000,
http://www.nytimes.com
Author's name:
Date of publication:
Title of work:
Retrieved month day, year:
from full URL:

Independent Assessment 3: Formatting!

Using the details in Activity 3, arrange the citations following the standard format.
Write your answers on your notebook.
1. Malcom R. Eiselen/ “Franklin Benjamin” / The World Book Encyclopedia/ 1999

2. Daniel Cohen/ America’s Very Own Ghosts/ New York: / Doubleday / 1985

3. Elizabeth Smith/ David Wright / Rocks and Minerals / Chicago / Macmilan / 1995

4. Gabor S. Boritt / “Civil War”/ World Book Online / 10 September 1999 /

http://www.worldbookonline.com/na/ar/fs/ar117060.html

5. Hilts, P. J. / In forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out / New York
Times. /(1999, February 16) / Retrieved November 21, 2000,
/http://www.nytimes.com

What I Have Learned

What have you observed in the examples above? In writing the format of
bibliographical entries, what are the things you are supposed to remember? Let’s
try answering the questions below. Write your answer on your notebook.
 1. What is the format if the author is only one? Explain.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. For two authors, how would you write the bibliography? Explain.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3. What words are used to mean several authors? Explain and give an example.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
4. In writing the topics for encyclopedia, magazine and newspaper articles, what
should you observe?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
5. In writing the titles of the book, what should you remember? Explain.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
6. What should come first when writing the place and name of the publisher?
______________________________________________________
___________________________________________
7. What should be done if the article has no author?
______________________________________________________
___________________________________________
8. What should be done if the article has no date indicated?
______________________________________________________
___________________________________________
9. when to use quotation marks?
______________________________________________________
___________________________________________
10. when to use a colon?
______________________________________________________
___________________________________________

What I Can Do

Draw a star ( ) if the statement provides a correct description about the use of
conventions in citing sources. Write your answers on your notebook.
_____1. Words, ideas or information taken from any source needs a reference..
_____2. Bibliography is a list of all the material you have consulted.
_____3. Citations consist of standard elements such as the author’s age.
_____4. In citing magazines and newspapers, enclose the title in quotation
marks.
_____5. American Psychological Association (APA) is one of the major styles of
citing sources.
_____6. In citing sources from encyclopedia, the volume number should be
included.
_____7. Issue number should be included in citing sources from magazines and
news paper
 _____8. If the source is undated, ignore it.
_____9. If the source has no author indicated, do not cite it.
_____10. Get the URL if information is from websites.

Assessment

Analyze the situation below. Cite all the sources used by the character. Write your
answers on your notebook.
A. Tom needs to accomplish his homework about Nouns and Pronouns. He goes to
the library to do some research looking for Prentice Hall Volume 2 book which he
always uses for his English tasks because it’s authored by his favorite writer
Gary Forlini and published by Simon&Schuster in New York City in 1982. In his
paper, Tom needs to accomplish a list of sources he viewed:
1. Name of the author:
2. Date of publication:
3. Title of the book:
4. Name of publication:
5. Place of publication:
________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

B. A group of college students are looking for some studies related to their research
paper. A study entitled Thesis of Undergraduate Students written by Lyn Smith in
2010 contains some details located on pages 172-178 of Collegiate Learning
Review Journal showing some relevance to their research paper. As college
researchers, they need to cite their sources appropriately:
1. Name of the author:
2. Date of publication:
3. Title of the article:
4. Title of journal:
5. Page number:
________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

Additional Activities

After reading this module, what did you learn about the use of conventions in citing
sources? Write a short paragraph explaining your thoughts. Write your answer on a piece
of paper.
________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________
What I Know
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. A
What's More
What I can do? Independent Activity 1
1. 6. 1. D
2. A
2. 7. 3. E
4. B
3. 8. 5. C
4. 9.
Independent Assessment 1
5. 10.
1. Author’s name
2. Year of publication
3. Article title
4. Title of work
5. Inclusive page/s
Independent Activity2 Assessment 2
Independent Activity 3
1. B 1. D
Independent Assessment 3 2. A 2. D 1. Malcolm R. Eiselen
3. E 3. C “Franklin Benjamin”
4. C 4. A
1. Eiselen, The World Book
5. D 5. C Encyclopedia
M.(1999).Franklin
1999
Benjamin.The World 2. Daniel Cohen
Book Encyclopedia America’s Very Own
2. Cohen, D. (1985). Ghosts
America’s Very Own Assessment New York
Ghosts. New York: Doubleday
Doubleday A. 1985
3. Smith, E. Wright, D. 3. Elizabeth Smith and
1. Forlini, G.
(1995). Rocks and 2. (1982) David Wright
Minerals. Chicago: 3. Prentice Hall Rocks and Minerals
4. New York City Chicago
Macmilan
5. Simon&Schuster Macmilan
4. Boritt, G. “Civil War”. 1995
Forlini, G. (1982). Prentice Hall.
World Book Online. New York City: Simon&Schuster 4. Gabor S. Boritt
Retrieved September 19, Civil War
1999, from World Book Online
http://www.worldbookonli September 19, 1999
B. 1. Smith, L. http://www.worldbookonli
ne.com/na/ar/fs/ar117060 2. ( 2010)
.html ne.com/na/ar/fs/ar117060
3. Thesis of Undergraduate .html
5. Hits, P. (Feb. 16, 1999). Students
In forecasting their 4. Collegiate Learning Review 5. Hits, P.J.
emotions, most people Journal
5. 172-178 Feb. 16, 1999
flunk out. New York In forecasting their
Smith, L. ( 2010). Thesis of
Times, Retrieved emotions, most people
Undergraduate Students. Collegiate flunk out
November 21, 2000, from
Learning Review Journal. 172-178 November 21, 2000,
http://www.nytimes.com
http://www.nytimes.com
6. Malcom R. Eiselen/
Answer Key
References
Cite This For Me. Citethisforme.com. June 27, 2017. Retrived June 1, 2020
https://www.citethisforme.com/blog/2017/06/27/69196

DepEd Learning Module for English- Grade 8

MIT Libraries.(n.d.). libguides.mit.edu.Retrieved on June 1, 2020 https://libguides.mit.edu/citing

PB Pressbooks.ohiostate.pressbooks.pub. (n.d). Retrieved June 1, 20202

https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/choosingsources/chapter/why-cite/

Science Buddies. sciencebuddies.org. (n.d.). Retrieved June 1, 2020 https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-

projects/science-fair/writing-a-bibliography-apa-format

Stokes, Nancy. APA Quick Referencing: Referencing Quiz. June 26, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020
https://guides.dtwd.wa.gov.au/nmtafe-apaesl/quiz

University of Leeds. library.leeds.ac.(n.d.). Retrieved June 1, 2020

https://library.leeds.ac.uk/info/1402/referencing/47/referencing_explained

UNSW Sydney.October 28,2019. Retrieved June 1, 2020 https://student.unsw.edu.au/why-referencing-important

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando

Pampanga, Philippines 1200

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