通識科六大單元必知概念例子大全上 SAMPLE - 1618326242

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M.T. Education
HKDSE 7
13 Melody Tam
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© 2019 M.T. Education Limited All Rights Reserved 1

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」 ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Quality of Life.................................................................................................................................. 12
」 .......................................................................................................................... 15
How To Improve Quality Of Life .................................................................................................... 18
– ............................................................................................................................ 21
Social Problems: Factors.................................................................................................................. 23
Social Problems: Impacts ................................................................................................................. 25
– ............................................................................................................................ 25
...................................................................................................................... 29
General Causes Of Social Problems ................................................................................................ 31
13
.............................................................................................................................. 34
General Impacts Of Social Problems ............................................................................................... 36
4-
60 VS 90 .................................................................................................... 38
Socio-political participation post-60s VS post-90s.......................................................................... 40
-0
」 ...................................................................................................................... 42
21
Reasons for Mass Movement ........................................................................................................... 44

.............................................................................................................. 46
20
Factors affecting socio-political participation ................................................................................. 49

.................................................................................................................................................. 52
Rule of Law...................................................................................................................................... 54
.......................................................................................................................................... 57
Judicial Review ................................................................................................................................ 59
.......................................................................................................................... 62
Pros and Cons of Democracy ........................................................................................................... 64
.................................................................................................................. 66
Costs and Benefits of Upholding Rule of Law ................................................................................ 67
.......................................................................................................................... 68
Low governance efficiency—Impacts ............................................................................................. 69

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...................................................................... 71
Good Governance & Evaluation of Hong Kong’s Governance....................................................... 73
.................................................................................................. 76
Lack of Equal Participation → Impacts on Governance ................................................................. 77
、 / ............................................................................ 79
Difficulties/ Feasibility of using Public Consultation to achieve Broad Consensus ....................... 80
.......................................................... 81
Continuous Importation of Low-skilled workers Cannot Help Maintain Hong Kong’s Economic
Growth: Reasons .............................................................................................................................. 83
...................................................................................................................................... 85
Sense of identity ............................................................................................................................... 87
.................................................................................................. 89
Formation of Hong Kong Residents’ Sense of Identity ................................................................... 92
y .................................................................................................. 95
Hong Kong people’s Decline in National Identity: Factors............................................................. 97
.......................................................................................................... 99
Hong Kong’s Widening Wealth Gap: Causes ............................................................................... 101
............................................................................................................................ 104
13
Functions of Mass Media ............................................................................................................... 106

4-
VS ..................................................................................................................... 108
New media vs Traditional media ................................................................................................... 109
-0
........................................................................................ 110
21
Does the mass media harm public interests? ................................................................................. 112

................................................................................................................ 114
20
Feasibility of Referendum in HK ................................................................................................... 116

................................................................................................ 119
Should Democracy be Prioritized over Social Stability? ............................................................... 121
.................................................................................... 123
Whether HK Core Values are Protected or Harmed ...................................................................... 125
............................................................................................................ 127
Core Values being Harmed: Impacts ............................................................................................. 128
.................................................................................................................... 129
Reasons for more radical movements to arise ............................................................................... 130
............................................................................................................................ 131
HK political movements ................................................................................................................ 133

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E .................................................................... 136
Concept of “Men should work & women should be housewives” in Hong Kong ........................ 137
N ................................................................................................................................ 139
Imbalance in Medical Services ...................................................................................................... 141
................................................................................................ 143
HK Elderly Suicide Problem: Factors and Problems ..................................................................... 145
y ................................................ 147
Do Traditional Chinese Family Concepts help alleviate elderly suicide problem? ....................... 149
.................................................................................................................... 152
Factors leading to the medical service burden ............................................................................... 154
.................................................................................................... 156
Hong Kong’s Policies to Alleviate the Medical Service Burden ................................................... 158
............................................................................................................ 161
Voluntary Medical Insurance Scheme: Disadvantages.................................................................. 163
............................................................................................................ 165
Voluntary Medical Insurance Scheme: Advantages ...................................................................... 166
................................................................................................ 168
13
HK youths lack upward mobility – Reasons.................................................................................. 170

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........................................................................................................................................ 174
20
Rural Reform ................................................................................................................................. 176

........................................................................................................................................ 178
Opening-up Policies ....................................................................................................................... 179
................................................................................................................ 181
Factors Leading to Reform & Opening Up.................................................................................... 183
............................................................................................................................ 185
Impacts Of Reform And Opening Up ............................................................................................ 188
................................................................................................ 191
Response to Social Problems Brought by Reform & Opening up ................................................. 193
........................................................................................................ 195
Rapid economic development in China: Problems ........................................................................ 197
............................................................................................................................ 199

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East-West Disparity ....................................................................................................................... 201

. ........................................................................................................................................ 203
Urban-rural Disparity ..................................................................................................................... 205
............................................................................................................................ 207
China Reform & Opening up ......................................................................................................... 209
............................................................................................................ 211
Why Economic Reform?................................................................................................................ 213
................................................................................................................................................ 215
National Strength ........................................................................................................................... 219
.................................................................................................................................... 223
Sustainability.................................................................................................................................. 225
」 ........................................................................................................ 227
How Corruption harms Quality of Life ......................................................................................... 229
.................................................................................................................... 232
Suggestions for Tackling Corruption ............................................................................................. 235
............................................................................................................ 238
Lack of Human Rights: Impacts on National Power ..................................................................... 240
13
................................................................................ 243
Is Protecting Human Rights more Important than Promoting Social Stability .............................. 246
4-
.................................................................................................................................... 249
Scientific Outlook on Development............................................................................................... 251
-0
........................................................................................................ 253
21
Problems Hindering Sustainability in China.................................................................................. 255

.................................................................................................... 258
20
Pro & Cons of Having Diversified Political Parties ...................................................................... 260

................................................................................................ 262
Why China should slow down its economic development? .......................................................... 264
........................................................................................................................ 267
How to Conserve Cultural Heritage ............................................................................................... 269
y ............................................................................................................................ 271
Changes of Chinese Family ........................................................................................................... 273
y ............................................................................................................................ 275
Traditional Chinese Family............................................................................................................ 277
a ................................................................................ 279
Should marriage be given higher priority than personal freedom & happiness? ........................... 281

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........................................................................................................................ 285
- ................................................................................................... 285
China Labor Shortage: Reasons ..................................................................................................... 287
China government – How to Tackle Labor Shortage?................................................................... 287
7 > ................................................. 289
Globalization in Modern China: Pros and Cons on the Environment (Stance: Pros > Cons) ....... 291
7 < ............................................. 294
Globalization in Modern China: Pros and Cons on the Environment (Stance: Pros < Cons) ....... 296
................................................................................................................................ 299
One-child policy............................................................................................................................. 301
N ................................................ 304
Is selective two-child policy the Best Method to tackle ageing population & gender imbalance?306
........................................................................ 309
Does China’s Participation in International Affairs world Promote Stability? ............................. 311
.................................................................................................................... 313
China’s International Challenges ................................................................................................... 315
/% .......................................................................... 317
13
Does China’s participation in international/ regional affairs promote Economic Development? . 318
o ............................................................................................................ 319
4-
Food Safety Incidents in China: Causes ........................................................................................ 321

VS ............................................................................................. 323
-0
o
Food Safety: Effectiveness of Legislation VS Education .............................................................. 325
21
................................................................................................ 327
Situation of Chinese citizens Expressing Demand to the Government ......................................... 329
20
.................................................................................................................... 331
Causes of Mass Incidents in China ................................................................................................ 333
................................................................ 335
Suppression Is An Ineffective Means To Maintain Social Stability .............................................. 337
」 ........................ 339
Does Prioritizing Economic Development over Social Development Bring more harm than good to
the Quality of Life of Chinese ....................................................................................................... 341
............................................................................................................ 343
Should China give up the Use of Nuclear Power? ......................................................................... 345
........................................................................ 347
Difficulties that Chinese government may face when tackling Smog Problem ............................ 349

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.................................................................................... 351
E y .................................................... 352
How is Globalization Causing Electronic Waste Problem in China? ............................................ 354
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基本原則獨立性三權分立

●
●
●0
法律面前如果違反法律人
平等處罰
每個人都相同的法律保護
●
●
●
13
無罪
4-
公開審判
-0
陪審制度
21
訴權
20
允許不法律所
禁止
公職人員遵守法律
● à
●

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/ 消除歧視
只提供最低限度的保護
內地不受種族歧視條例保護
權力限制
行政主
導
社會群體的利益平衡
沒有足和法
律知識
資源分配不公平
13
4-
提交
-0
示威和集會
21
公共論壇
20
和平與非暴力手段
拒接受不公正守法

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Rule of Law
Angle Sub-angle Sub-sub-angle
Basic Judicial independence Separation of power
Principles (J- ● Legislature
E-N-F-A-P) ● Judiciary
● Executive
Equality before law Everyone is punished equally if
violates laws
Everyone is under same legal
protection
● Legal Aid
● Duty-lawyer service
13
● Tel-Law Scheme
Non-retroactivity
4-
Fair & Equal Presumption of innocence

-0
Open trial
21
Jury system
20
Right to appeal
Anything not forbidden
by law is permitted
Public power restricted Public officers abide by laws
by law
HK

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● Judicial review to monitor

legitimacy
● Legislative councilors must
review a law 3 times before it is
passed
● Independence of judiciary
Functions Protect minority rights Free from discrimination
/Limitations
Only provide minimum
protection
Mainlanders not protected by
Race Discrimination Ordinance
13
Restriction of arbitrary Check & balance between

power authorities
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Executive-Led
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● Chief Executive can dissolve

21
legislative council
20
Balance interests of
social groups
Maintenance of social
stability
Promotion of justice Poor people do not have money
& legal knowledge
Resources not fairly allocated

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Methods to Amend the law

settle clashes
Judicial interpretation
Express opinions to Submissions
government
Demonstrations and assemblies
Public forums
Civil disobedience Peaceful & non-violent means
Deliberating reject abiding by
unjust laws
Levels ① Existence of laws
② Abide by laws
13
③ Limitation from law

④ Justice through law
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優點
基本法
立法會
法
法義
V
E 權利
13
4-
-0
21
20
政策實施
駁斥防止 à

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】
】
駁斥 >
N
> N
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Judicial Review
Pros Check and balance Government policies must
between different comply with the Basic Law
authorities (separation
of powers)
New laws must be passed by
the Legislative Council (3
readings)
Limitation from law
Justice through law
Improve the status of Foreigners will think Hong
13
Hong Kong as a Kong is different from China

globalized city who adopts rule by law
4-
Protect rights of merchants

-0
Attract investments to Hong

21
Kong
20
Improve government
policies
Improve political News will very likely report
awareness judicial review matters,
which can spread messages
to citizens quickly and arouse
their attention

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E.g. Queen’s Pier
Cons Hinder governance New policies will take time

to be implemented
Day-to-day operations will
be hindered when certain
laws/ policies are under
review
Hinder governance à Regulations are in place to
Rebuttal prevent Maintenance
à Seldom misused
Only on policies that not
13
included in the Basic Law

4-
Increase monetary E.g. Due to judicial review of

-0
costs (legal fees/ the HK-Zhuhai-Macau

21
project delay fees) Bridge, the project has been

delayed, which has incurred
20
huge costs
Monetary costs à Quality of policy is more

Rebuttal important than spending
money in the short term

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- Long-term benefits of a
good policy > short-term
monetary costs
- e.g. HK-Zhuhai-Macau
Bridge
13
4-
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21
20

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13
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●
● 1200
●
●

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● M
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●
●
●
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Good Governance & Evaluation of Hong Kong’s

Governance
Criteria Political stability
(PEOPLEREACT)
Participation
Legitimacy
Responsiveness Consultation &
feedback
Effectiveness Policy formulation &
implementation
Credibility
13
Accountability
Corruption
4-
Transparency
-0
Rule of law (JENFAP) Judicial independence

21
Equality before law

20
Non-retroactivity
Fair & equal
Anything not forbidden
is permitted
Public power restricted
by law

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Evaluation of HK Negative Lack of legitimacy

governance ● No universal suffrage
● The election
committee is consisted
of 1200 members only
à lack
representativeness
Responsiveness
● Low transparency of
feedback
● Low participation
rate among the public
13
Rule of law
● Freedom of press is
4-
declining
-0
● Increasing
21
interference from
20
central government
Positive Deterring corruption
effectively
● ICAC
Rule of law
● Equality before law
● Fair & equal
● Separation of power

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Effectiveness
● Social welfares: free
medical services, 12
years of free education,
etc.
● Free economy
13
4-
-0
21
20

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13
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0
-0
21
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Lack of Equal Participation → Impacts on Governance

Political instability Citizens tend to use
protests to express
opinions
Social polarization
Discourage normal
ways of political
participation
Legitimacy Only recognized by
little people
May face a lot of
13
oppositions
Responsiveness Does not know public’s
4-
opinions
-0
Only represent
21
minority’s opinions
20
Effectiveness Cannot tackle root

problem
Incomprehensive Harm the interests of
most of the
stakeholders
Slow implementation Filibustering

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Strong public
opposition
Credibility Low recognition
Less confidence in
governance
Violate rule of law Equality before law
Public power restricted Pro-establishment ↑
by law
Fair & equal
13
4-
-0
21
20

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2011 o T
2014
2016
à à 2
à
13
4-
2006
-0
2010 〜
21
2011
20
2012
2013
2014
2014
2015

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2015
à
2016
2017
7 7
8
2019
à
13
à
4-
-0
21
20

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HK political movements
Trend More
participation
among
young
people
Legislative
Council
members
are
becoming
13
more radical
Radical means 2011 Wong Yuk Man threw T-shirt at
4-
within Legislative secretary for security

-0
Council
21
2014 Wong Yuk Man threw glass cup at CY

20
Leung
Examples 2006 Opposition to the demolition of the
Queen’s Pier
2010 Opposition to the Shenzhen HK
Railway system
2011 Occupying the headquarter of HSBC
2012 Anti-National Education movement

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2013 Kwai Chung loading port

2014 Anti-North-Eastern development
2014 Umbrella movement (Occupy Central)
2015 Anti-North-Eastern development
court’s decision: Civic Passion’s
Huang Yangda was convicted of
"participating in illegal assembly"
2015 Tuen Mun Retrocession: a voluntary
action against mainland parallel goods
traders à 13 people were arrested
2016 Mong Kok riots: core members from
Scholarism, Hong Kong Indigenous
13
and Civic Passion, such as Lin Yixuan,

Liang Tianqi and Huang Taiyang
4-
arrested
-0
2017 The Black Bauhinia incident: Huang

21
Zhifeng, Zhou Ting, Liang Guoxiong

20
wrapped the Golden Bauhinia

sculpture with black cloth à protesting
against the decline of "one country,
two systems"
2019 Civil Human Rights Front organized a
demonstration (with 130,000 people
participating according to Civil Human
Rights Front) to protest against the

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Hong Kong Government's amendment

of the Extradition Ordinance à
Worried that China will widely apply
for extradition after the implementation
à Worried that Hong Kong’s “one
country, two systems” will be
destroyed
13
4-
-0
21
20

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08 à
M
e
13
4-
2
-0
21
20
2 →
n
n

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>
y
y ↓
/
13
4-
-0
21
20

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$
7000 /
à
13
4-
-0
21
20

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Is Protecting Human Rights more Important than

Promoting Social Stability
Stance: Yes
Prerequisite E.g. Liu Xiaobo Eventually facing
criticize government political prosecution
(Charter 08) à such
right was exploited by
the Central Government
Zhao Lianhai’s ‘Shield

13
for Kidney babies’

Disrupts the goal of
4-
preventing the
-0
government to be
21
overly powerful
20
If people feel that their

basic rights are being
respected, they will
respect the government
in return, which
promotes social
stability

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Maslow’s hierarchy of Basic rights → Society

need
People being convinced
and voluntarily abiding
by law is more valuable
than being forced to
abide by law
Harm global image Universal Values
Now = Exploit people’s Collectivism >
rights individualism
China=World’s 2nd Focuses on economic
largest economy development only
13
Sarcasm that it has

become advanced in
4-
terms of economic
-0
development, but not in

21
other aspects
20
Authoritarian nation Credibility ↓

Government efficiency/ Does not respond to
credibility lowered people’s needs
Public dissatisfaction
Corruption
Petitioning situation Bureaucracy
Petition village
(Beijing)

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Threatening people
using violence
5th power: monitoring

→ rule of law
Counter Argument: With human rights well
Stability promotes protected, stability will
economic development be improved as a result
China now uses around Solely promoting
$7000 billion per year stability via violence/
just to maintain social forces is harming the
orders economy à does not
13
tackle the root problem

4-
-0
21
20

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. à à
/
à 。
à
10 N
E
.
13
4-
à
-0
21
20
↑ ↓à
E
● à

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=
↑
●
/ N
.
↑
%
↓ ↓
13
4-
-0
21
20

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Why China should slow down its economic

development?
Economic Cultural industry Urbanization à less
heritage à hinder
tourism development/
cultural industry in the
long term
Financial Confidence of investors
à worried about the
burst of asset bubbles
Harm to ecology à
13
directly leading to a
loss of 10% of China’s
4-
GDP
-0
Logistics Less foreign trade

21
Tourism Less people will visit

20
China due to the heavy

pollution
Cultural heritage s are
demolished due to
urbanization
Environmental Pollution à health
problems
Ecology Ecological disaster

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E.g. Songhuajiang
incident
Energy Exhaustion
Hampers further
development
Political Internal If Environment ↑ and
pollution ↓ à People
will identify more with
the government
External International image
● 2nd largest CO2
emission country à
13
negative to China’s
global image
4-
Protection = in line
-0
with universal values

21
Social Medical Medical burden ↑

20
● respiratory diseases
due to air pollution
Regional inequality East=resources
West=lags behind
Urban-rural disparity Social discontents
Wealth gap ↑
Industrial waste in rural
areas

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Cultural Heritage demolished

Inheritance of Sense of belonging ↓
traditional culture ↓
13
4-
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21
20

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●
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21
20
● 」
●
-
-
-

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13
y
4-
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How to Conserve Cultural Heritage

“Hard” method Protection zone
(Regulations)
Enhance enforcement More resources to
of existing laws monitor
Penalty ↑
Implement new laws
“Soft” method Education in school Promote importance in
(Education) school curriculum
Promote intangible
cultural heritage
13
● Calligraphy
● Paper-cutting
4-
Promote civic
-0
awareness
21
● seminars
20
Education through Short-term

media ● special functions (e.g.
Cultural Heritage Day)
Long-term
● advertisement
- TV
- Leaflets

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- Seminars
● promote civic
awareness
NGO Collaboration Encourage them to
participate in protecting
heritage
Business sector Developing the new Create new products
cultural industry using old cultures
Help develop tourism
and use the funding
generated from tourism
13
to protect cultural
heritage
4-
Long-term Establish guidelines to

-0
protect heritage
21
Obtain knowledge
20
about conservation
from foreign countries
Tackle root problem Carry out assessments
to understand what the
deficiencies are in
protecting cultural
heritage

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usually lack legal

contracts
• Difficult for
China to gain real
help from other
countries
13
4-
-0
21
20

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、
/
à
/
e l à e
13
à l
4-
-0
21
20
2030-
2050
0.2
à 36 à ↑4200
15 - 20

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l ↑
à
à
〜
13
e
4-
-0
21
à
20
= y

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Is selective two-child policy the Best Method to tackle

ageing population & gender imbalance?
Yes Counter Argument: the This policy can solve
effect if limited + no the problem gradually
immediate effect to reduce the side
effects
If fully loosen one-child
policy, population will
rise rapidly à disrupt
current social structure/
welfare system
13
Avoid abortion of
female baby
4-
Increases the labor Reduce the social

-0
force burden to cater the

21
elderly à more
20
children to share the

cost of financially
supporting their parents
Replace the retired
population
2030-2050: GDP
estimated to increase by
0.2% due to policy

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Birth rate increases à After 36 years à ↑ 42

alleviate ageing million in working
population population
No No immediate effect At least 15-20 years for
the effects to show
Requires more social
and education resources
before they become part
of labor force
Affected by other Cost of raising children
policies ↑
13
Even with the loosening

of policy à not
4-
necessarily tackle
-0
problems as some
21
couples may choose not

20
to give birth to children

at all due to heavy
economic burden
Cannot tackle the root Even if there are 2
problem of values quotas, as people value
males over females,
couples may choose to
give birth to boys only

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à still abort female

fetus
Values males over
females
Counter Argument: The effect is small à
Loosening the one- Some couples may
child policy can bring choose not to give birth
in more young to children at all due to
population heavy economic burden
Ageing population =
unavoidable
13
consequence when the

country grows to
4-
become more mature

-0
21
20

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/ E y
13
y d
4-
-0
/ 「à PIIGS
21
20
121 y

SAMPLE
%
13
APEC
4-
+ ↑
-0
21
20

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Does China’s Participation in International Affairs

world Promote Stability?
Stance: Yes
Political Shows that China is
willing to bear global
responsibilities
Prevalent saying: China’s Skeptical about China’s rise
threat theory China’s
responsibility theory
Involve in more political e.g. Playing an important
affairs role as the mediator in the
13
Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Eliminate suspects from China Conspiracy Theory
4-
other countries
-0
Economic Helps stabilize the

21
economy
20
US/European à may face PIIGS

economic instability in the
future à causing global
financial crisis
Lehman brother
China participation Low interest loans to 121
countries à provide
financial support for them

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China’s free trade zone

Help world’s economy
recover
Socio-political Global crisis North Korean nuclear crisis
China’s efforts Invite North Korea to the

six-party talk
Shanghai Cooperation
organization
Lower chance of outbreak
of wars
Environmental Raise awareness e.g. reduce CO2 emission
13
China Earth Summit

Kyoto Protocol
4-
East Asia Summit

-0
APEC
21
Western industrialization Pollution ↑

20
+ China’s reform &

opening up

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/
13
4-
-0
% %
21
20
o
u
o
à

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y 6
o
13
4-
-0
21
20

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Food Safety Incidents in China: Causes

Reform & opening up: Industrialization Crops irrigated by
pollution polluted water
Chemicals/ heavy
metals
Emphasis on economic No clear regulations
growth
Ideology: maximize
profits & reduce costs
Businessmen neglect
the health of citizens
13
Corruption Companies bribe Do not get prosecuted

government officials even when pollutant
4-
level exceeds the

-0
standard
21
Quality of food
20
products is not checked

Food companies are not
prosecuted if they
establish political
connections with local
governments

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Social: many poor Must accept

people who cannot contaminated food even
afford safe good when they harm health
People can only afford
cheap food
Media is interfered By businessmen who
bribed the officials
By government which Do not allow the media
wants to protect to report news related
national image to food safety problem
Food scandals are
hidden from the public
13
4-
-0
21
20

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VS
↑
↓ ↓
à à
N
↑ à
↓
o
13
4-
● à
-0
21
● %
20
o
à à
%

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à
u
VS ↑
%
o
↓ N
13
4-
↓
-0
/
21
20

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Food Safety: Effectiveness of Legislation VS Education

Opposition Education ↑ Does not harm people
Legislation ↓ Workers income ↓
Problematic companies à
facing closedown à workers
lose jobs
Strong resistance from the
public
Coverage Legislation ↑ Applies to all food companies
à comprehensive
Education ↓ Not feasible to provide food
13
safety education to the whole

population
4-
Incentive for behavioral Legislation Positive:

-0
change ● Deterrent effect/ serious

21
punishment
20
Negative:
● Some food companies can
bribe local government officials
and escape from the laws
Education Positive:
Raise awareness of people à
health is a strong incentive

SAMPLE
Negative:
● No monetary incentive à
Companies are not motivated to
change their food safety
practices
● People will not change
buying habits even if they are
educated à still purchase
cheap food due to limited
income
Long-term vs short- Education ↑ Induce ethical food production
term in the long term
13
Introduce safer methods in food

production in the long term
4-
Legislation ↓ Effect removed when law is

-0
removed
21
No attitude change
20
Immediate effect? Education ↓ Difficult to check on all food

products quickly
Attitude change/ habit forming
Legislation ↑ Immediate effect, especially
when few food companies are
caught à deterrent effect

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© 2019 M.T. Education Limited All Rights Reserved 1

Reasons for Mass Movement ........................................................................................................... 44

Factors affecting socio-political participation ................................................................................. 49

© 2019 M.T. Education Limited All Rights Reserved 2

Functions of Mass Media ............................................................................................................... 106

Does the mass media harm public interests? ................................................................................. 112

Feasibility of Referendum in HK ................................................................................................... 116

© 2019 M.T. Education Limited All Rights Reserved 3

HK youths lack upward mobility – Reasons.................................................................................. 170

Rural Reform ................................................................................................................................. 176

© 2019 M.T. Education Limited All Rights Reserved 4

East-West Disparity ....................................................................................................................... 201

Problems Hindering Sustainability in China.................................................................................. 255

Pro & Cons of Having Diversified Political Parties ...................................................................... 260

© 2019 M.T. Education Limited All Rights Reserved 5

Food Safety Incidents in China: Causes ........................................................................................ 321

© 2019 M.T. Education Limited All Rights Reserved 6

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基本原則 獨立性 三權分立

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Fair & Equal Presumption of innocence

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● Judicial review to monitor

Restriction of arbitrary Check & balance between

● Chief Executive can dissolve

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Methods to Amend the law

③ Limitation from law

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Hong Kong as a Kong is different from China

Protect rights of merchants

Attract investments to Hong

© 2019 M.T. Education Limited All Rights Reserved 59

E.g. Queen’s Pier

Cons Hinder governance New policies will take time

included in the Basic Law

Increase monetary E.g. Due to judicial review of

costs (legal fees/ the HK-Zhuhai-Macau

project delay fees) Bridge, the project has been

Monetary costs à Quality of policy is more

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Good Governance & Evaluation of Hong Kong’s

Rule of law (JENFAP) Judicial independence

Equality before law

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Evaluation of HK Negative Lack of legitimacy

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Lack of Equal Participation → Impacts on Governance

Effectiveness Cannot tackle root

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通識科六大單元必知概念例子大全上 SAMPLE - 1618326242

通識科六大單元必知概念例子大全上 SAMPLE - 1618326242

通識科六大單元必知概念例子大全上 SAMPLE - 1618326242

基本原則獨立性三權分立