Pipe Rack Calculation

Best Practice
SABP-007 31 August, 2002
Steel Piperack Design
Document Responsibility:
Responsibility: Onshore Structures Standards Committee
Steel Piperack Design
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Privacy Policy Developed by: Hisham Abu-Adas

Developed: July, 2002
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Consulting Services Department
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Primary contact: Abu-Adas, Hisham on phone 874-6908

Document Responsibility: Onshore Structures SABP-007

Issue Date: 31 August, 2002
Next Planned Update:
Update: 1 September,
September, 2007 Steel Piperack
Piperack Design
STEEL PIPERACK DESIGN
Table of Contents
Page
1 Introduc
Introduction.............
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1.1 Purpose.........
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1.2 Scope
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1.3 Disclaim
Disclaimerer ......
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1.4 Conflict
Conflictss with Mandator
Mandatory y Standar
Standards ds .......
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2 Referen
References
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2.1 Saudi
Saudi Aramco
Aramco Standard
Standards..........
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2.2 Industry
Industry Codes
Codes and Standard
Standards.....
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3 General
General .............
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4 Primary
Primary Loads
Loads .............
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4.1 Dead Load
Load (D).........
(D)...............
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4.
4.2
2 Prod
Produc
uctt Load
Load (PL) ..................................................................................
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4.3 Test Load
Load (Pt) ..............
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4.4 Thermal
Thermal Loads
Loads (TL).....
(TL)............
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4.5 Wind Load
Load (W)..............
(W).....................
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4.6 Earthqua
Earthquake ke Load (E) .............
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4.7 Other
Other Loads
Loads (O) .............
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5 Load
Load Combina
Combination
tionss .............
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5.1 Loading
Loading Combina
Combination
tionss – Allowab
Allowable
le Stress
Stress Desi
Design........
gn...............
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5.2 Loading
Loading Combina
Combination
tionss and Load Factors
Factors – Stre
Strength
ngth Design
Design.......
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This website6 storesAllowab

Allo
datawable
suchleasStresses
Stresses and Strength
Strength RequireRequiremen ments............
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6.1 site ctural
Structur
Stru al Steel.............
Steel....................
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6.2 Anchor
Anchor Bolts
Bolts ..............
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6.3 atCast-in-
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any -in-Plac
timePlace
e Concret
Concretee .............
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7 Piperack
Piperack Superstr
Superstructu
ucture
re Design............
Design...................
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7.1 General
General .......
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Privacy Policy 7.2 Transver
Transversese Bent
Bent Beams
Beams .............
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Marketing 7.3 Bent Columns
Columns.....................
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7.4 Longitud
Longitudinal
inal Struts
Struts ..............
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7.5 Vertical
Vertical Bracing
Bracing...... .............
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Piperack Design
Table of Contents
Page
8 Piperack
Piperack Foundat
Foundations
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ATTACHMENTS:
Attachment 1:
Piperack Design – Example
Example 1 .....................................................
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..................... 17
List of Figures for Example 1

1. Piperack
Piperack – Plan Layout.............................................................................. 23
2. Typical Bent..........................................................
Bent ................................................................................................
...................................... 24
3. Wind Loads on Typical Bent.....................................................................

Bent...................................... ............................... 25
4. Wind Loads for STAAD III Input........................................................
Input ............................................................ .... 26
5. Computer
Computer Model for STAAD III Input.................................................... 27
6. Kz Calculations
Calculations For STAAD III Computer
Computer Input .................................. 28
7. Typical Bent – Computer Output -Member
Unity Check
Check & Moment
Moment Diagram.............................................................
Diagram............................................................. 29
Attachment 2:
STAAD III Computer
Computer Input & Output
Output for Example 1 ................................ 30
Attachment 3:
Weights of Standard (STD)
(STD) and Extra Strong (XS) Pipes ........................... 49
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Piperack Design
1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this practice is to provide guidelines for steel piperack design for
use by engineers working on Saudi Aramco projects and Saudi Aramco
engineers.
1.2 Scope
This design guide defines the minimum requirements for the design
de sign of piperacks
in process industry facilities
facilities at Saudi Aramco sites.
sites. It covers general design
philosophy and requirements to be used in the analysis and design of piperacks.
Criteria presented herein pertain to loads, load combinations, allowable stresses,
and superstructure and foundation design. Section 2 of this instruction includes
reference codes, and Saudi Aramco Standards.
1.3 Discl
iscla
aime
imer
The material in this Best Practices document provides the most correct and
accurate design guidelines available to Saudi Aramco which comply with
international industry practices. This material is being provided for the general
guidance and benefit of the Designer. Use of the Best Practices in designing
projects for Saudi Aramco, however, does not relieve the Designer from his
responsibility to verify the accuracy of any information presented or from his
contractual liability to provide safe and sound designs that conform to
Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirements. Use of the information or
material contained herein is no guarantee that the resulting product will satisfy
the applicable requirements of any project. Saudi Aramco assumes
assumes no
responsibility or liability whatsoever for any reliance on the information
presented herein or for designs prepared by Designers in accordance with the
cookies to enable essential Best
site Practices. Use of the Best Practices
Practices by Designers is intended solely for,
and shall be strictly limited
limited to, Saudi Aramco projects. Saudi Aramco® is a
registered trademark of the Saudi Arabian Oil Company. Copyright, Saudi
Aramco, 2002.
1.4 Conflict
Conflictss with
with Mandator
Mandatory
y Standard
Standardss
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In the event of a conflict between this Best Practice and other Mandatory Saudi
Marketing Aramco Engineering Requirement, the Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering
Requirement shall govern.
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Piperack Design
2 References
This Best Practice is based on the latest edition of the references below, unless
otherwise noted. Short titles will be used herein when appropriate. Short titles will be
used herein when appropriate.
2.1 Saudi
Saudi Ar
Aram
amco
co Stand
Standard
ardss
Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards

SAES-A-112 Meteorological and Seismic Design Data
SAES-Q-005 Concrete Foundations
Saudi Aramco Best Practices

SABP-002 Spread Footings Design
SABP-006 Wind loads on Piperacks & Open Frame
Structures
2.2 Indust
Industry
ry Codes
Codes and Stand
Standar
ards
ds
American Concrete Institute (ACI)

ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced
Concrete and Commentary
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
Structures
Wind Load and Anchor Bolt Design for Petrochemical Facilities
Guidelines for Seismic Evaluation and Design of Petrochemical

Pe trochemical Facilities
cookies to enable essential American
site Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
AISC Manual of Steel Construction – Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
ASTM A36 Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
Privacy Policy ASTM A325 Specification for High strength Bolts for
Structural Steel Joints, Including Suitable nuts
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Personalization ASTM A992/A992M Specification for Steel for Structural Shapes for
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Piperack Design
3 General
3.1 Piperac
Piperacks
ks are str
struct
ucture
uress tthat
hat suppor
supportt pipes
pipes and auxilia
auxiliary
ry equi
equipme
pment
nt with
within
in and
and
between process areas of industrial plants. Piping loads can vary greatly from
project to project as can the loads from wind and earthquake. Clearly, it is
difficult to define specific
specific criteria for the
the design of such structures. This
guideline, however, sets forth general requirements, which the Engineer should
incorporate into piperack designs if possible.
3.2 This
This guide
guidelin
linee appli
applies
es to
to the
the foll
followi
owing
ng three
three basi
basicc types
types of stee
steell piper
piperacks
acks::
• Strutted main piperacks
• Unstrutted secondary or miscellaneous piperacks
• "T" supports
3.3 Struct
Structura
urall stee
steell desi
design
gn shal
shalll be
be iin
n accor
accordanc
dancee with
with the refere
referenced
nced AISC
AISC
specifications and codes. The plastic design method in the AISC manual shall
not be used in steel design. Steel for piperack design will normally be A-36 or
ASTM A992/A992M.
3.4 Piperac
Piperacks
ks and
and thei
theirr ffound
oundati
ations
ons shall
shall be
be desig
designed
ned to supp
support
ort loads
loads associ
associated
ated
with full utilization of the available rack space, and any specified future
expansion.
3.5
3.5 Found
Foundat
atio
ion
n concr
concret
etee shal
shalll be desig
designe
ned
d in accor
accordan
dance
ce wit
with
h ACI
ACI 318.
318. The
minimum 28 day compressive strength of concrete shall be 4000 psi, and shall
be noted on the drawings.
3.6 Pipera
Piperack
ck super
superstr
struct
ucture
uress and
and found
foundati
ations
ons shall
shall be desi
designed
gned for the loads
loads and
load combinations specified in Sections 4.0 and 5.0 of this guideline.
This website stores3.7 The

data such asdeflec
deflectio
tion
n requi
requirem
rement
entss ffor
or pipe
piperac
rack
k beams
beams and transv
transvers
ersee bents
bents shall
shall be as
as
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site
TheYou
personalization, and analytics. maximum allowable beam deflection Dmax due to total load shall be as
may change your settings atfollows:
any time
Dmax = L/240 L = the Span Length
Privacy Policy The maximum allowable drift limits for piperack shall not exceed H/150
(where H = piperack height).
Marketing
Personalization The maximum allowable seismic drift limits for piperack shall be in accordance
with ASCE 7 - 95 Table 9.2.2.7 (Category IV Structure in accordance with
Analytics
ASCE 7 Table 1-1 classification). Piperacks shall be considered as building.
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Piperack Design
The maximum allowable drift limits for piperack shall not exceed H/100

(where H = piperack height).
3.8 Connect
Connection
ionss ffor
or stee
steell piper
piperacks
acks shall
shall conform
conform to the
the foll
followi
owing
ng requi
requirem
rement
ents:
s:
a. Shop connect
connection
ionss may
may be either
either bolted
bolted or welded
welded.. Field
Field connect
connection
ionss shall
shall
be bolted where possible. Connections may be field welded when
conditions are such that a bolted connection is not suitable.
b. Bolted connections for primary members shall utilize high-strength bolts
conforming to ASTM A-325-N, bearing-type connections with threads
included in the shear plane. However, slip-critical-type
slip-critical-type connections shall
be used in connection subject to vibration or repeated stress reversal.
c. Standar
Standardd connec
connectio
tions
ns shal
shalll be design
designed
ed by
by the
the fabr
fabricat
icator
or in
in accor
accordanc
dancee
with the project construction specifications and loads shown on the
drawings. Moment connections and specialspecial connections, however, shall be
designed by the engineer and shall be shown on the engineering drawings.

d. Moment
Moment connect
connection
ionss sshal
halll prefe
preferab
rably
ly be of
of tthe
he bolt
bolted
ed end
end plat
platee type.
type.
4 Primary Loads
The following loads shall be considered in the design of piperack superstructures and
foundations:
D - Dead Load
PL - Product Load
Pt - Test Load
TL - Thermal Load
This website stores data such
W - as
Wind Load
E - Earthquake
personalization, and analytics. You Loads
O - Other
or accept the defaultThe
settings.
above loads are defined as follows:
4.
4.1
1 Dead
Dead Load
Load (D)
(D)
Privacy Policy
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4.1.1 Dead load shall include the weight
weight of all
all process
process equipment,
equipment, pipes,
valves and accessories, electrical and lighting conduits, trays, switchgear,
Personalization instrumentation, fireproofing, insulation, structural steel plates and
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Piperack Design
shall also be considered as dead load. All piping shall

shall be considered
empty of product load
load (P L ) when calculating dead load.
4.1.2 Piperacks
Piperacks shall be designed
designed for
for presen
presentt and future
future dead
dead loads.
loads. Unless
Unless
stipulated otherwise by Saudi Aramco, piping and electrical loads shall
not be less than the following:
a. A mi
minim
nimum pipe de
deck lo
load of 23 psf (1.10
(1.10 kPa) shall be used for
the design of major piperacks. This is equivalent to 8-inch (203
mm) diameter, Schedule 40 pipes spaced at 15-inch (381 mm)
centers.
b. Along with the minimum pipe deck loads specified above, a
concentrated load shall be added at pipes that are larger than 12
inches (300 mm) nominal diameter on the support. The
concentrated load in pounds, P DL, shall be calculated using the
following equation:
PDL = S (WDL - pDL D)
Where:
S = Pipe suppo
porrt spa
paccing (ft)
WDL = Large pipe weight per foot (plf)
pDL = Average pipe deck loading (psf)
D = Lar
arg
ge pi
pipe di
diamet
eter
er (ft)
c. Sing
Single
le le
leve
vell and
and doub
double
le le
leve
vell ele
elect
ctri
rica
call cable trays shall have a
minimum uniformly distributed weight of 20 psf (0.96 (0.96 kPa) and
40 psf (1.92
(1.92 kPa), respectively.
respectively. The cable tray load shall be
considered as dead load . Tray locations shall be as shown on
electrical drawings.
personalization, and4.
4.22 Prod
Produc
analytics. uctt Load
You Load (PL)
4.2.1 Product
or accept the default settings. Product load
load shall
shall be defined
defined as the gravity
gravity load imposed
imposed by liquid or
viscous material in piping during operation.
Privacy Policy 4.2.2 Piperacks

Piperacks shall be designed
designed for
for presen
presentt and future
future product
product loads. Unless
stipulated otherwise by Saudi Aramco, product loads shall not be less
Marketing than the following:
Personalization
a. A mi
minim
nimum product load of 17 psf (0.81
(0.81 kPa) shall be used at each
Analytics
level for the design of major piperacks. This is equivalent to 8-inch
8-inch
(203 mm) pipes full of water spaced at 15-inch (381 mm) centers.
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Page 8 of 51


Piperack Design
b. Along with the minimum piping product loads specified above, a
concentrated load shall be added at pipes that are at least larger
than 12 inches (300
(300 mm) nominal diameter on the support. The
concentrated load in pounds, PPL, shall be calculated using the
following equation:
PPL = S (WPL - pPL D)
Where:
S = Pipe suppo
porrt spa
paccing (ft)
WPL = Large pipe product load per foot (plf)
pPL = Average product loading (psf)
D = Lar
arg
ge pi
pipe di
diamet
eter
er (ft)
4.3 Tes
estt Load (Pt)
The test load shall be defined as the gravity load imposed by the liquid
(normally water) used toto pressure test the piping. Large vapor lines may require
hydrotesting. If so, it may
may be possible to test them
them one at a time while the other
lines on the support are empty and thus avoid the heavy pipe support loading.
When such procedures are used, special notes should be placed on the structural
and piping drawings to specify test procedures. Small vapor lines are normally
normally
considered filled with water.
4.
4.4
4 Ther
Therma
mall Load
Loadss
Thermal loads shall be defined as forces caused by changes in the temperature

of piping. For piperack design, both friction forces
forces (FF) and
and anchor forces
(AF) shall be considered. Pipe supports must be designed to resist longitudinal
loads arising from
from pipe thermal expansion and contraction. On the average
cookies to enable essential pipeway,
site the lines expand and contract varying amounts at random times. These
loads are applied to the transverse beams either through friction or through pipe
anchors.
personalization, and analytics. You Thermal loads shall be considered as dead load and
and included in the
may change your settings atappropriate
any time load combinations.
4.4.1 Friction
Friction Forces
Forces (FF)
(FF)
Privacy Policy Friction forces caused by hot lines sliding across a pipe
p ipe support during
start-up and shut-down are assumed to be partially
pa rtially resisted by adjacent
Marketing
cold lines. The resultant longitudinal friction force, however, shall be
Personalization taken as the larger of the following:
Analytics
a. 10% of the total
total operati
operating
ng weig
weight
ht of all lines
lines tri
tribut
butary
ary to the
support
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Page 9 of 51


Piperack Design
b. 30% of the total operating weight of those lines tributary to the
support, which will expand or contract
con tract simultaneously.
The 10% of the total piping weight shall be taken as an estimated

longitudinal friction forces (FF) applied only to local supporting beams.
b eams.
However, an estimated friction force equal to 5% of the total piping
weight shall be accumulated and carried into piperack struts, columns,
braced anchor frames, and foundations.
Pipe friction loads shall not be combined with wind or seismic loads for
the design of piperack struts, columns, braced anchor frames, and
foundations, when there areare multiple frames.
frames. During high wind or
earthquake, the vibration and deflection
d eflection of the supports under load will
likely relieve the friction forces.
4.4.2 Anchor
Anchor Forces
Forces (AF)
(AF)
Anchor forces
bracing as wellmay dictate
vertical the use
bracing of horizontal
at anchor bents. channels or horizontal
This should not occur
too frequently since Piping Engineering like to anchor large lines on only
a few bents in a pipeway. Anchor and guide forces and locations shall
be obtained from the piping stress analysis and piping isometric
stress analysis
drawings.
Pipe anchor and guide forces (AF) produced from thermal expansion,
internal pressure, and surge shall be considered as dead loads. Piperacks
beams, struts, columns, braced anchor frames, and foundations shall be
designed to resist
resist actual pipe anchor and guide loads. For local beam
design consider only the top flange as acting in horizontal bending unless
the pipe anchor engages both flanges of the beam. Anchor and pipe
This website stores data such as run.

forces shall be obtained from the checked pipe stress
stress analysis computer
functionality, as well as marketing, Anchor and guide loads (excluding their friction component) shall be
personalization, and analytics. You combined with wind or seismic loads.
4.4.3 Temper
Temperatur
aturee Force
Force (TF)
Thermal forces caused by structure expansion and contraction should be

Privacy Policy considered in the design with the structural steel checked for temperature
Marketing change. Range of temperature change shall be in in accordance with
SAES-A-112. Refer to Section 7.1.6 for requirements. Design
Personalization temperature shall be defined as the difference between the highest and
Analytics lowest one day mean temperature plus the metal temperature for the
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Page 10 of 51


Piperack Design
sunheating effects on structural steel which can be estimated at about

20°C.
4.
4.5
5 Wind
Wind Load
Load (W)
(W)
4.5.1 Wind loads on all

all pipe,
pipe, equipment,
equipment, structural
structural members,
members, cable trays,
trays,
platforms, ladders, and other attachments to the piperack shall be
considered in the design. Wind pressures, wind pressure distribution,
and pressure coefficients shall be computed and applied in accordance
with ASCE 7 - 95 and the Saudi Aramco Best Practice SABP-006 "Wind
Loads on Piperacks and Open Frame Structures".
4.5.2
4.5.2 The total
total wind
wind load
load per foot
foot on pipes
pipes,, F, can be deter
determi
mined
ned using
using the
the
following equation:
F = qz G Cf A (ASCE 7 - Table 6-1)
where:
qz = 0.00256 K z K zt
zt V
V²² I (lb/ft²) (ASCE 7 - Eq. 6-1)
I = Importance Factor
V = Wind Velocity (MPH)
K Z = Exposure Coefficient
K Zt
Zt = Topographic Factor (per ASCE 7 provision 6.5.5).
K Zt
Zt = 1.0 for Piperacks
G = Gust Response Factor
Cf = Force Coefficient
This website stores data such as A = Projected Area normal to wind

cookies to enable essential 4.5.3
site For major
major piperacks,
piperacks, the design
design lateral
lateral wind
wind load
load on pipes at each
each pipe
pipe
functionality, as well as marketing, deck shall not be less than the wind load computed for 12-inch (300 mm)
personalization, and analytics. You pipes at 15-inch (381 mm) centers.
4.5.4 Longitudinal
Longitudinal wind load on piperacks
piperacks is negligible
negligible compared
compared toto other
other
longitudinal forces and, therefore, can normally be disregarded.
Privacy Policy 4.5.5 For detail
detailed
ed wind
wind load
load calculati
calculations
ons on piperacks
piperacks,, refer
refer to
to criteria
criteria
Marketing specified in Saudi Aramco Best Practices SABP-006 "Wind " Wind Loads on
Piperacks and Open Frame Structures".
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Piperack Design
4.6
4.6 Eart
Earthq
hqua
uake
ke Load
Load (E)
(E)
Earthquake loads shall be computed and applied in accordance with ASCE 7 -

95. The earthquake loads in ASCE 7 are limit
limit state seismic
seismic loads and this
should be taken into account when using allowable stress design methods and
applying load factors from other codes, etc.
ASCE's Guideline for Seismic Evaluation of Design of Petrochemical Facilities

shall also be used for seismic design. The Rw factors in ASCE's
ASCE's Seismic
Guidelines Tables 4.4 may be converted to R factors for use with ASCE 7 by
dividing by 1.4. For steel piperack, with an Ordinary Moment Resisting Frame,
the Rw value is 6. Therefore, the response modificati
modification
on factor to be used in
ASCE 7 is 6 divided by 1.4 equals to R = 4.29.
Seismic zones, effective peak acceleration, effective peak velocity and site soil
coefficient shall be determined in accordance with SAES-A-112
"Meteorological And Seismic Design Data". All plant area structures shall be
considered essential facilities.
The Importance Factor I shall
shall be Category IV .
4.
4.7
7 Othe
Otherr Load
Loadss (O)
(O)
Piperacks may be subjected to loads not covered by the six categories described
above.
5 Load Combinations
5.1 Loading
Loading Combina
Combination
tionss – Allowab
Allowable
le Stress
Stress Des
Design
ign
The following load combinations of loads area re for use in conjunction with the
This website stores data suchallowable
as stress method of design. The load combinations shown below are the the
cookies to enable essential most
site common load combinations but may not cover all possible conditions.
Any credible load combinations that could produce the maximum stress or
personalization, and analytics. You for stability
govern stability should be considered
considered in the calculations.
calculations. Theses load
may change your settings atcombinations
any time shall be considered in superstructure and foundation design of
piperacks.
D + PL + FF + TF + AF (if any) Load Comb. 1

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(Max. Operating Gravity Loads)
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0.75 (0.9 D + W) Load Comb. 2
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0.75 (D + PL + AF + W or E) Load Comb. 3
(Max. Oper. Gravity + W or E)
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Page 12 of 51


Piperack Design
0.80 [D + Pt + (1/4 W or 1/4E)] Load Comb. 4

(Test Load + W or E)
where:
D = Dead Load
PL = Product Load
AF = An
Anchor Fo
Force
TF = Tem
Temper
perat
atur
uree Forc
Forcee
Pt = Test Load
W = Wind Load
E = Earthquake Load
5.1.1
5.1.1 Wind
Wind forces
forces and
and earthqua
earthquake
ke forces
forces shall
shall not
not be conside
considered
red to act
act
simultaneously.
5.1.2 The engineer

engineer should use his
his judgmen
judgmentt in selecting
selecting potenti
potential
al critica
criticall
combinations. Load conditions that have primarily a localized effect
generally do no need to be included in the main analysis as these loads
may be considered during individual structural component design.
5.1.3
5.1.3 In com
combin
binati
ations
ons involv
involving
ing Test
Test Load
Load (Pt), and W or E load, only ¼ of the
load need be considered. For wind load, tthis
his is justified because
hydrotests are not conducted during high winds and, for earthquake load;
the probability of shocks occurring during hydrotest is low.
5.2 Loading
Loading Combina
Combination
tionss and Load Factors
Factors – Strengt
Strength
h Design
Design
The following load combinations of loads are

a re for use in conjunction with the
This website stores data suchstrength
as design method and may be used for foundation design. The load
cookies to enable essential combinations
site shown below are the most common load combinations but may
not cover all possible
functionality, as well as marketing, possible conditions. Any credible load combinations
combinations that could
personalization, and analytics. You the maximum stress or govern for stability should be considered in the
produce
may change your settings atcalculations.
any time
1.4 (D + PL + FF + TF + AF) Load Comb. 1
(Max. Operating Gravity Loads)
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0.9 D + 1.3W Load Comb. 2
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(Min. Dead Load + Wind Load)
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0.75[1.4D + 1.4PL + 1.4AF + (1.7W or 1.9E)] Load Comb. 3
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(Max. Oper. Gravity + W or E)
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Page 13 of 51


Piperack Design
1.4D + 1.4Pt + (0.57W or 0.63E) Load Comb. 4

(Test Load + W or E)
6 Al
Allo
lowa
wabl
ble
e St
Stre
ress
sses
es and
and St
Stre
reng
ngth
th Requ
Requiirem
rements
ents
6.1
6.1 St
Stru
ruct
ctur
ural
al St
Stee
eell
The allowable stresses and stress increases specified in the AISC manual shall
be used for all piperack steel design with the following exception:
Exception:
Under test conditions, the allowable stress for all structural steel elements and
their connections may be increased 20% when a partial wind or earthquake load
is included.
6.
6.2
2 Anch
Anchor
or Bolt
Boltss
The design of anchor bolts shall conform to requirements of Paragraph 4.7 of
SAES-Q-005 and SABP-001.
6.3 Cast-
Cast-in-
in-Pla
Place
ce Concr
Concrete
ete
Strength design methods of ACI shall be used in piperack footi

footing
ng design. For
footing design requirements see SAES-Q-005 and Saudi
Sau di Aramco Best Practice
SABP-002 "Spread Footings Design".
7 Piperack Su
Superstructure De
Design
7.1 General
7.1.1 The principa

principall structur
structural
al component
componentss of a pip
piperack
erack are the
the transver
transverse
se bent
bent
This website stores data such as beams, the bent columns, longitudinal struts, and vertical bracing.
cookies to enable essential site Design criteria applicable to each of these components are presented
functionality, as well as marketing, below.
may change your settings at7.1.2
any timeIn general,
general, the pipe
pipe support
support frami
framing
ng system
system is
is designed
designed as rigid frame
frame
or accept the default settings. bents with fixed or pinned bases in the transverse direction and as braced
frames in the longitudinal direction.
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7.1.3 A determin
determined
ed effort
effort should
should be
be made early on the project
project to establ
establish
ish the
the
Marketing correct number of transverse beam levels required for piping and
electrical support, and the number of longitudinal beams required to
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support pipes entering
entering or leaving the pipeway. Additional longitudinal
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Page 14 of 51


Piperack Design
electrical conduit, instrumentation lines, or other small lines. Electrical

conduit and cable trays usually must be supported every 10 feet.
7.1.4 Structural
Structural components
components of the
the piperack
piperack must be capable
capable of
of resist
resisting
ing the
the
axial loads, shears, moments, and torsion produced by the load
combinations given in Section 5.0 of this guideline.
7.1.5 An elastic
elastic analysis
analysis shall
shall be used
used to determine
determine moments
moments and forces
forces in
piperack members.
7.1.6
7.1.6 Stru
Struct
ctur
ural
al Steel
Steel Expan
Expansi
sion
on
For piperack design, provisions shall be made for thermal expansion of
steel, with the structural steel checked for temperature
temperature change. Slotted
connections (sliding connection) shall be provided in each segment of
the piperack between vertical bracing to allow for structural steel thermal
expansion. The maximum segment for the piperack shall shall be limited
limited to
140 feet (42.5
(42.5 meters) in length unless calculations show otherwise.
Details and requirements for the slotted connection shall be provided on
the engineering drawings.
7.2 Trans
Transver
verse
se Bent
Bent Beam
Beamss
7.2.1
7.2.1 In comp
computi
uting
ng the
the allow
allowabl
ablee bending
bending str
stress
ess,, F b, the unbraced length shall
be taken as the span of the beam and the AISC factor Cb shall be used to
account for end fixity. A Cb value of 1.0 is a very conservative and safe
assumption. In no case shall the assumption
assumption of lateral support ffrom
rom
piping be used in computing F b.
7.2.2 Generally,
Generally, the depth
depth of horizonta
horizontall members
members should not be less than 1/24
1/24
of the span.
cookies to enable essential 7.2.3
site If top
top flange
flange lateral
lateral loads are signifi
significant,
cant, the transver
transverse
se beam shall be
functionality, as well as marketing, investigated for bending about the y-y axis and for torsion. This can be
personalization, and analytics. You estimated by using My x 2 / Sy.
7.2.4 In axial
axial load
load design,
design, the total
total span of the
the beam should be used,
used, modifie
modified
d
by the appropriate effective length factor for each direction. This factor
should be equal to 1.0 for the weak direction of the beam.
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7.2.5 Special considerati
consideration
on shall
shall be
be given
given to the design
design of transve
transverse
rse beams
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which support large vapor lines to be hydrotested or which support large
Personalization anchor or guide forces. Horizontal bracing may be required locally if the
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Piperack Design
7.
7.3
3 Bent
Bent Colu
Column
mnss
7.3.1 In strutt
strutted
ed piperacks
piperacks,, columns
columns shall normally
normally be designed
designed with
with pinned
pinned or
or
fixed bases depending on the lateral drift requirements.
7.3.2 In unstrut
unstrutted
ted piperacks
piperacks,, column
column bases
bases shall be considere
considered
d pinned
pinned in the
transverse direction and fixed in the longitudinal direction. The major
axis of columns should normally be perpendicular to the longitudinal
direction of the piperack (i.e., plane formed by column web is parallel to
longitudinal direction).
7.3.3 "T" support

support column
column bases shall be considered
considered fixed in both
both the transverse
transverse
and longitudinal directions. The major axis of colum
columns
ns may be turned in
either direction.
7.3.4 Column
Column base
base plates
plates for major and miscel
miscellaneous
laneous piperacks
piperacks and "T""T"
supports that are to be attached to concrete foundations shall be four-bolt
base plates.
7.4
7.4 Long
Longit
itud
udin
inal
al St
Stru
ruts
ts
7.4.1 In areas
areas where
where gravity
gravity loading
loading of strut
strutss is anticipated,
anticipated, struts
struts shall
shall be
designed for axial loads produced by longitudinal pipe loads plus gravity
load moments and shears. Such struts should be designed
designed for the actual
load but not less than 50% of the gravity loading of the loaded transverse
pipe support beam. This loading requirement will account for the usual
piping and electrical conduit that is "rolled-out" of the piperack.
Concentrated loads for large pipes shall also be included in design.
7.4.2 Where gravity

gravity loading
loading is not
not anticipa
anticipated,
ted, struts
struts shall be designed
designed for
axial load only. The primary source of axial loads is longitudinal pipe
This website stores data such as loads.
functionality, as well7.5
7.as
5 marketing,
Vert
Verticical
al Brac
Bracin
ing
g
may change your settings at7.5.1
any timeVertical
Vertical bracing
bracing may be
be used
used to transmit
transmit transverse
transverse and longitu
longitudinal
dinal
or accept the default settings. forces to the foundations. K-bracing or X-bracing is usually used for this
purpose.
Privacy Policy 7.5.2 Braced bays in strutted
strutted piperack
piperack system
systemss should
should be spaced
spaced at 140 feet
feet
Marketing
(42.5 meters) maximum. Longitudinal bracing should be provided in
about every fourth bay.
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7.5.3 Compressio
Compression
n bracing
bracing for steel piperack
piperack system
systemss shall
shall normally
normally be
be
Analytics
designed with wide flange and structural tee shapes. For tension bracing,
single angle, double angle or structural tees may be used.
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Page 16 of 51


Piperack Design
8 Piperack Foundations
8.1 Foundat
Foundation
ionss shal
shalll be
be desig
designed
ned in accord
accordance
ance with
with tthe
he proj
project
ect soil
soil rrepor
eportt
recommendations and SAES-Q-005 "Concrete Foundations".
8.2 The type

type of foundat
foundation
ion to be
be used
used for
for pipera
piperacks
cks shall
shall be
be estab
establis
lished
hed based
based on
on the
the
soil report recommendations.
8.3
8.3 In pip
piper
erac
ack
k found
foundat
atio
ion
n desig
design,
n, buoy
buoyan
antt load
load sha
shall
ll be
be consi
conside
dere
red
d when
when
applicable. The buoyant load included in in the design shall
shall be based on project
water table elevations (permanent or temporary), which produce the most
unfavorable effect on the foundation.
Revision Summary
31 Au
Augu
gust
st,, 2002
2002 New Saud
Saudii Aram
Aramco
co Best
Best Pr
Prac
acti
tice
ce (SAB
(SABP-
P-00
007)
7)..

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Piperack Design
Attachment 1
PIPERACK DESIGN - EXAMPLE 1

Design typical piperack bent in Uthmaniyah Gas Plant. The piperack configuration shall be as
shown in example 1 (Figures 1 through 6), and with a 3-s
3-sec.
ec. Gust wind speed of 96 mph per
SAES-A-112. Earthquake zone is 0, therefore seismic
seismic loads need not be considered in the
analysis and design.
Assumptions:
The main beams shall be W10X33 for the cable tray support and W12X40 and W12X45 for the
pipe supports. The beam levels are 20.00, 25.00 and 20.00. The beams are rigidly connected
to the columns (i.e., moment connection)
The columns are W14X53 and fixed at the base.
The longitudinal struts (W10X33) located at levels 17.50, 22.50 and 30.00 acts as struts to
transfer thermal load to
to the vertical bracing of tthe
he rack. These levels will be considered as
braced in the longitudinal direction. Refer to Figure 2 for Bent Framing arrangement.
loads to be considered are as follows:

Primary loads
D, PL, FF, TF & W (assume no anchor loads and no pipes will be tested at this bent)
Combinations to be considered are as follows:

Load Combinations
D + PL + FF + TF Load Combination 101

0.75
This website (D data
stores + PL + Was
such ) Load Combination 102
cookies to enable
0.75 (0essential
.9 D + W site
) Load Combination 103
personalization,
Memberand analytics.
Loads: You
Dead Loads (D) & Product Loads (PL). Refer to Figures 1, 3 & 5.
Members 11 and 12
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Dead Load: WD = 23 psf x 20 ft = 460 #/ft = 0.46 K/ft (per Section 4.1.2.a)
Product Load: WPL = 17 psf x 20 ft = 340 #/ft = 0.34 K/ft (per Section 4.2.2.a)
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Concentrated Pipe Loads (per Sections 4.1.2.a and 4.2.2.b)
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Page 18 of 51


Piperack Design
24" O.D. Pipe Schedule 40 D = 125.49 #/ft, PL = 179.87 #/ft

18" O.D. Pipe Schedule 40 D = 104.67 #/ft, PL = 96.93 #/ft
For pipe weight and product load (PL), refer to Table 1.
Member 12 concentrated Dead Load
PDL = S (WDL - pDL D)
P1DL = 20 ft (125.49 – 23*2) /1000 = 1.59 kips
Member 12 concentrated Product Load
P1PL = 20 ft (179.87 – 17*2) /1000 = 2.917 kips

P1 Total = 1.59 + 2.917 = 4.507 kips
Member 11 concentrated Dead Load
PDL = S (WDL – pDL D)
P2DL = 20 ft (104.67 – 23*1.5) /1000 = 1.403 kips
Member 11 concentrated Product Load

P2PL = 20
cookies to enable ft (96.93
essential site – 17*1.5) /1000 = 1.428 kips
personalization,
P2 Totaland analytics.
= 1.403 You = 2.831 kips
+ 1.428
Member 13
Dead Load: WD = 20 psf x 20 ft = 400 #/ft = 0.40 K/ft
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Thermal Loads – Frictional Force FF (in the longitudinal direction)
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Members 11 and 12
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FF (Uni
(Unifo
form
rm)) = (0.0
(0.04
4 x 20)
20) x 0
0.1
.1 = 0.0
0.08
8 k/
k/ft (F
(FF
F = 10%
10% of
of Ope
Opera
rati
ting
ng Lo
Load
ad))
Analytics
SaveConcentrated loadAll
Accept in the longitudinal direction - 10% of concentrated load
Page 19 of 51


Piperack Design
Member 11
FF2 = 0.1 (2.831) = 0.283 kips
Member 12
FF1 = 0.1 (4.507) = 0.451 kips
Temperature Loads:
Structural steel shall be designed based on SAES-A-112. The Design Temperature shall be tthe
he
difference the highest and lowest one-day mean temperature. For Uthmaniyah it will be 106-43
= 63°F plus metal temperature for the sunhearting effects on structural steel which can be

estimated at about 36°F or (20°C).
Design Temperature = (63 + 36) = 99°F (103°F is used in this example – say ok)
Wind Loads
Design wind forces are determined by the equation listed below, where F is the force per unit
length of the piping or cable tray (For Force Coefficients and details, refer to Structural Design
Best Practices Guidelines for "Wind Loads on Piperacks and Open Frame Structures"):
F = qz G Cf Ae ASCE 7 Table 6-1
Design wind pressure, for 30 ft elevation from Table 1
qz = 26.59 psf
This websiteGstores
ust effdata
ect fsuch
actoas
r, G = 0.85 (ASCE 7, Section 6.6.1)
Force
functionality, as wellCoefficients
as marketing,
may change Foyour
r strsettings
uctural atmany
embtime
ers Cf = 1.8 (Section 4.1)
or accept the default
For columns settings. Cf = 2.0 (Section 4.1)
For pipes Cf = 0.7 (Section 4.1.3)
For cable trays Cf = 2.0 (Section 4.1.4)
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Projected Area
Area
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Projected Area per foot of piperack, Ae = Largest pipe diameter or cable tray height + 10% of
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piperack width. (Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2)
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Piperack Design
WIND LOAD ON PIPING AND CABLE TRAY
The guidelines require the consideration of the piping or cable trays separately from the
structural members. The following calculations are only ffor
or piping and cable trays wi
without
thout the
structural support members:
Force Calculation Force (Pounds)
F1 Cable Tray 6" Deep

Cf = 2.0
Ae = 0.5 + (10% *25 ft) = 3.0 ft²
F1 = [(26.59 psf)
psf) * (0.85) * (2.0) * (3.0)] * 20.0 bent spacing F1 = 2712.2
F2 Pipe Level 25 ft
ft – 24" Max. O.D.
Cf = 0.7
Ae = 2.0 + (10% *25 ft) = 4.5 ft²
F2 = [(26.59 psf)
F3 Pipe Level 20 ft
ft – 18" Max. O.D.
Cf = 0.7
Ae = 1.5 + (10% *25 ft) = 4.0 ft²
F3 = [(26.59 psf)
WIND LOAD ON STRUCTURAL MEMBERS
For structural members, assume 25 ft wide rack with bent spacing of 20 ft centers, all stringers
not shielded.
Stringers at elevations
elevations 30.0, 22.5 and
and 17.5
cookies to enable
Assume essential qz
site= 26.59 psf for all 3 levels of stringers (conservative)
Cf = 1.8
personalization, and analytics.
Ae =You
9.73/12 ft (beam depth) * 20 ft (beam length) = 16.22 ft²
F4=F5=F6= (26.59 psf) * 0.85 *1.8 * 16.22 ft² = 659.9 pounds = 0.66 kips
Columns
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qz = 26.59 psf at elev. 30 ft
Marketing qz = 25.50 psf at elev. 25 ft
qz = 24.42 psf at elev. 20 ft
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Use qz = 26.59 psf for the whole column (conservative)
Cf = 2.0
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Page 21 of 51


Piperack Design
Ae = 8/12 ft (column width) * 1 ft = 0.67 ft²/linear foot
Force per column = (26.59 psf) * 0.85 * 2.0 * 0.67 = 30.3 pounds/foot = 0.0303 kips/ft
Kz (effective length factor about the column local z-axis) calculations for columns
Refer to detailed calculations in Figure 6
G = Σ IC/LC
Σ IB/LB
Column Member Elevation G Kz

30.0 15.82
5, 10 3.8
25.0 17.51
3, 4, 8, 9 3.5
20.0 9.63
1, 2, 6, 7 1.9
0.0 1.0
Check the critical Kz for the governing bottom portion of column:
Col. W14X53 (members 1, 2, 6 & 7) per Figure 5

4
W14X53 Ix = 541 IN
4
W12X45 Ix = 350 IN
This websiteGBstores
= 1.0data
Fixedsuch as
Base
functionality, as wellGas
T = Σ IC/LC
marketing,
Σ IB/LYou
B
Σ IC/LC = (541/20x12) + (541/5x12) = 2.25 + 9.02 = 11.27
Σ IB/LB = 350/25x12 = 1.17

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GT = 11.27/1.17 = 9.63
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With GB = 1.0 & GT = 9.63 Kz = 1.9 Per AISC Steel Manual Figure 1 Page 3-4.
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Piperack Bent is designed per attached STAAD III input and output file.
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Page 22 of 51


Piperack Design
Check STAAD III output for the following:
Unity Check :
Ensure that unity check for all structural members are less than 1.0
Deflection:
Beam Deflection
Ensure that maximum beams vertical deflection is less than L/240
where L = span length
Lateral Drift :
Ensure that maximum lateral drift for the piperack is less than H/150 for load combinations
with wind load and H/100 for earthquake case.
Connections & Columns Base Plate:

Design Beam/Column moment connection based on AISC Steel Manual procedure.
Design
with thevertical and horizontal
AISC Steel bracings connections based on member loads and in accordance
Manual procedure.
Design Columns Base Plates based on AISC Steel Manual procedure.
Foundations:
Design columns Foundations in accordance with the requirements of SAES-Q005 and the
Saudi Aramco Best Practices SABP-002 "Spread Footings Design".

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Piperack Design
7 SPA @ 20’-0” = 140’-0”
20’-0” 20’-0”
E.J. A E.J.
”
0
-
’
5
2
E.J. Typical A E.J.

Bent
Figure 1 PIPE R
RACK
ACK – PLAN LAYOU
LAYOUT
T
This website stores data such as Example 1
Attach. 1
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Page 24 of 51


Piperack Design
MEMBER PROPERTIES
” W 10 x 33
0
-
’
5
” W 12 x 40
0
-
’
5 ’
5
.
2
’
5
.
W 12 x 45 2
”
0
- W 10 x 33 (TYP.)
’
0
3
”
0
-
’
0
2
3 3
5 5
x x
4 4
1
1

W W

may change your settings at any time Fixed Fixed
or accept the default settings. Base 25’-0” Base
Privacy Policy Figure 2 Typical Bent

Section A-A
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Page 25 of 51


Piperack Design
WIND LOAD ON PIPE & STEEL MEMBERS
6” Conduit Racks
F1
F4 F4
” W 10 x 33
0
-
’ 24” O.D. Max.
5
F2
3’-0”
” F5 W 12 x 40
0
- F5
’
5 18” O.D. Max. ’
5
.
2
F3
5’-0” ’
5
.
F6 W 12 x 45 2
F6
” W 10 x 33
0
-
’ TYP.
0
3 d = 9.73”
”
0
-
’
0
2
3 3
5 bf = 8” 5
x x
4 4
1
1

W W

personalization, and analytics. You EL 0.00
or accept the default settings. 25’-0”
30.3 #/ ft
ft 30.3 #/ ft
ft

Section A-A
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Page 26 of 51


Piperack Design
WIND LOAD FOR STAAD III COMPUTER INPU

INPUT
T
2712#
660# 660#
” W 10 x 33
0
-
’
5
1424#
” W 12 x 40
0
- 660# 660#
’
5 ’
5
.
2
1266#
’
5
.
W 12 x 45 2
660# 660#
”
0
-
’
0
3
”
0
-
’
0
2
3 3
5 5
x x
4 4
1
1

W W

or accept the default settings. 25’-0”
30.3 #/ ft
ft 30.3 #/ ft
ft

Section A-A
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Page 27 of 51


Piperack Design
P2 DL = 1.40
1.403
3 P1 DL = 1.59
1.59
P2 PL = 1.42
1.428
8 P1 PL = 2.91
2.914
4
2.831
k 4.507
k
Y
k 0.66
k
0.66
W1 = 0.40 k/l
3.372
k k
0.66
11 12
13 W 10 x 33
3 l
/
” 5 k
0 x 3
-
’ 4 5 0
5 1
P = 4.507k W 2 = 0.8
k/l 10 3
3’-0” 1 0
.
W
1.424
k
0.66 9
12 W 12 x 40 10
0.66
k
3 4 l
/
5 9 k
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0
- 0.66 x 0.66k X 0
’ X 4 k 3
5 5 1
. 7 W 3 5’-0” P2 = 2.831 W 3 = 0.8 k/l 8 0
.
2 8
1.266
5 6 0.66
k
0.66 11 W 12 x 45
2 7
k
0.66
X3 0.66k X
” 4
0
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or accept the default settings. 1 X 2
FIXED FIXED
25’-0”
Privacy Policy Z
Marketing
Figure 5 DL + OPER LD + WL
Personalization DESIGN LOADS
Attach. 1
Analytics
Example 1
Save Accept All
Page 28 of 51


Piperack Design
4
W 10 x 33 Ix = 170 IN
IN4
W 12 x 40 Ix = 310
4
W 12 x 45 Ix = 350 IN
4 G = Σ Ic/Lc
W 14 x 53 Ix = 541 IN
ΣIB/LB
9.02
G= = 15.82
0.57
W 10 x 33
8 3 3
” . 5 5 IB 170
0 3 x IC/LC = 541
541 = 9.
9.02
02 x = = 0.57 KZ = 3.8
-
’ = 4 4 LB 25 x 12
5 Z 1
5 x 12 1

K W W
9.02 x 9.02
G= = 17.51
W 12 x 40 1.03
3 3
5
. 5 5
” 3 x x IB 310
0
- =
’
5 Z 4
1
IC/LC = 9.02 4
1
LB = 25 x 12 = 1.03 KZ = 3.5
K W W
2.25 x 9.02
G= = 9.63
W 12 x 45 1.17
IC/LC = 541
541 = 2.
2.25
25
IB 3.50
20 x 12 = = 1.17
LB 25 x 12
”
0
-
’
0
2 KZ = 1.9
3 3 Elev. G KZ

9
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x 4
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Attach. 1
Analytics Example 1
Save Accept All
Page 29 of 51


Piperack Design
Fi
Figu
gure
re 7 Typic
ypical
al Be
Bent
nt – C
Com
ompu
pute
terr Ou
Outp
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ut-M
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Unity Check & Moment Diagram
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Marketing
Personalization
Analytics
Save Accept All
Page 30 of 51


Piperack Design
Attachment 2
STAAD III Computer Input & Output for Example 1

PAGE NO. 1
**************************************************
* *
* STAAD.Pro *
* Version 2001 Build 1004 *
* Proprietary Program of *
* RESEARCH ENGINEERS, Intl. *
* Date= JUL 1, 2002 *
* Time= 9:55:30 *
* *
* USER ID: CSD/Saudi Aramco *
**************************************************
1. STAA
STAAD
D SP
SPAC
ACE
E - PI
PIPE
PERA
RACK
CK DE
DESI
SIGN
GN - EX
EXAM
AMPL
PLE
E 1 - DESI
DESIGN
GN GU
GUID
IDEL
ELIN
INES
ES BE
BEST
ST
PRACTICES
2. OUTP
OUTPUT
UT WIDT
WIDTH
H 72
3. * DESIGN BY : H.ABU-ADAS CHECK BY : DATE:01/15/2002
4. * FILE:
FILE: BP-
BP-PR
PR-EX
-EX1.
1.STD
STD
5. UNIT
UNIT FEET
FEET KIP
KIP
6. JOI
JOINT
NT COO
COORDIN
RDINATES
ATES
7. 1 0 0 0; 2 25 0 0; 3 0 17.5 0; 4 25 17.5 0; 5 0 20 0; 6 25 20 0
8. 7 0 22.5 0; 8 25 22.5 0; 9 0 25 0; 10 25 25 0; 11 0 30 0; 12 25 30 0
9. MEM
MEMBER
BER INCI
INCIDEN
DENCES
CES
10. 1 1 3; 2 3 5; 3 5 7; 4 7 9; 5 9 11; 6 2 4; 7 4 6; 8 6 8; 9 8 10
11. 10 10 12; 11 5 6; 12 9 10; 13 11 12
12. SUP
SUPPORT
PORTSS
13
13.
. 1 2 FI
FIXE
XED
D
14. 3 4 7 8 11 12 FIXED BUT FX FY MX MY MZ
This website stores
15.data
MEMsuch
BERasPROP
MEMBER PROPERT
ERTY
Y AME
AMERICA
RICAN
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16.. 1 TO 10 TA
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functionality, as well TABL
TABLEE ST W1
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18.
18. 12 TABL
TABLEE ST W1
W12X
2X40
40
19.
19. 13 TABL
TABLEE ST W1
W10X
0X33
33
20.
20. UNIT
UNIT INCH
INCHES
ES KI
KIP
P
21. CON
CONSTAN
STANTS
TS
22
22.
. E ST
STEE
EELL AL
ALLL
23.
23. DENS
DENSITY
ITY STE
STEEL
EL ALL
Privacy Policy 24.
24. POIS
POISSON
SON STE
STEEL
EL ALL
25.
25. ALPH
ALPHA
A 70E-7
70E-7 ALALL
L
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26. UNIT
UNIT FEET
FEET KIP
KIP
27.
27. LOAD
LOAD 1 DEAD
DEAD LOLOAD
AD (D
(DL)
L)
Personalization
28.
28. SELF
SELFWEI
WEIGH
GHT T Y -1
Analytics 29.
29. JOIN
JOINT
T LOAD
LOAD
30. 3 4 7 8 11 12 FY -0.66
31.
31. MEMB
MEMBER
ER LO
LOADAD
Save 32
32. Accept
. 11 12 UN All
UNII GY -0
-0.4
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6
Page 31 of 51

Piperack Design
- PI
PIPE
PERA
RACK
CK DESI
DESIGN
GN - EX
EXAM
AMPL
PLE
E 1 - DE
DESI
SIGN
GN GU
GUID
IDEL
ELIN
INES
ES BEST
BEST P -- PA
PAGE
GE NO
NO.
. 2
33
33.
. 13 UN
UNI
I GY -0
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34
34.
. 11 CO
CON
N GY -1
-1.4
.403
03 5
35
35.
. 12 CON GY -1
-1.5
.59
9 3
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36. LOAD
LOAD 2 PROD
PRODUC
UCT
T LOAD
LOAD (P
(PL)
L)
37.
37. MEMB
MEMBER
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LOAD
AD
38
38.
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UNI
I GY -0
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4
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39.
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. LO
LOAD
AD 3 TH
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MAL
L LO
LOAD
AD (F
(FF
F + TF
TF)
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42.
42. * FRICT
FRICTIO
IONAL
NAL LOA
LOADD
43.
43. MEMB
MEMBER
ER LO
LOAD
AD
44
44.
. 11 12 UN
UNI
I GZ 0.0
0.088
45
45.
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0.28
283
3 5
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46.
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0.45
451
1 3
47.
47. * TEMPE
TEMPERA
RATUR
TURE
E LOA
LOADD
48.
48. TEMP
TEMP LOAD
LOAD
49. 1 TO 13 TEMP
EMP 103
50.
50. LOAD
LOAD 4 WIND
WIND LO
LOAD
AD (W
(WL)
L) FR
FROM
OM LEFT
LEFT TO RIGH
RIGHT
T (NOR
(NORTH
TH TO SO
SOUT
UTH)
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51.
51. JOIN
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T LOAD
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52. 3 4 7 8 12 FX 0.66
53
53.
. 5 FX 1.
1.26
266
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55.
55. 11 FX 3.
3.37
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56. *WIN
*WIND
D LOAD
LOAD ON COL
COLUM
UMNS
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57.
57. MEMB
MEMBER
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LOAD
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58
58.
. 1 TO 10 UNI GX 0.0.03
0303
03
59.
59. *SER
*SERVIC
VICEE LOA
LOADI
DING
NG CO
COMB.
MB. FOR STE
STEEL
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N
60
60.
. LO
LOAD
AD CO
COMB
MB 10
101
1 OP
OPER
ERAT
ATIN
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G LO
LOAD
AD (D
(DL
L + PL + FF
FF)
)
61. 1 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0
62
62.
. LO
LOAD
AD CO
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MB 10
102
2 75 PE
PERC
RCEN
ENT
T DL + PL + WL
WL(E
(E-W
-W)
)
63. 1 0.75 2 0.7
0.75 4 0.75
64.
64. LOAD
LOAD COMB
COMB 103
103 MI
MIN.
N. LOAD
LOAD 0.75
0.75(0
(0.9
.9 DL + WL)
WL)
65. 1 0.68 4 0.7
0.75
66. PER
PERFORM
FORM ANAL
ANALYSIS
YSIS
P R O B L E M S T A T I S T I C S
-----------------------------------
or accept the default
NUM settings.
BER OF JOINTS/MEMBER+ELEMENTS/SUPPORTS = 12/ 13/ 8
ORIGINAL/FINAL BAND-WIDTH= 2/ 2/ 17 DOF
TOTAL PRIMARY L
LO
OAD C
CA
ASES = 4, TTO
OTAL DEGREES O
OF
F FREEDOM = 54
Privacy Policy SIZE OF STIFFNESS MATRIX = 1 DOUBLE KILO-WORDS
REQRD/AVAIL. DISK SPACE = 12.0/ 1345.2 MB, EXMEM = 0.1 MB
Marketing
++ Processing Element Stiffness Matrix. 9:55:30
Personalization
++ Processing Global Stiffness Matrix. 9:55:30
++ Processing Triangular Factorization. 9:55:30
Analytics
++ Calculating Joint Displacements. 9:55:30
++ Calculating Member Forces. 9:55:30
Save Accept All
Page 32 of 51

Piperack Design
- PI
PIPE
PERA
RACK
CK DESI
DESIGN
GN - EX
EXAM
AMPL
PLE
E 1 - DE
DESI
SIGN
GN GU
GUID
IDEL
ELIN
INES
ES BEST
BEST P -- PA
PAGE
GE NO
NO.
. 3
67.
67. LOAD
LOAD LIST
LIST ALL
ALL
68. PRI
PRINT
NT ANA
ANALYSI
LYSIS
S RES
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ULTS
JO
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T DISPL
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T (IN
(INCH
CH RA
RADI
DIAN
ANS)
S) STRU
STRUCT
CTUR
URE
E TYP
TYPE
E = SP
SPAC
ACE
E
------------------
JOINT LOAD X-TRANS Y-TRANS Z-TRANS X-ROTAN Y-ROTAN Z-ROTAN
1 1 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

2 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
3 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
4 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
101 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
102 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
103 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
2 1 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
2 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
3 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
4 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
101 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
102 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
103 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
3 1 -0.00329 -0.01097 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00025
2 0.00126 -0.00569 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00022
3 -0.09764 0.15141 0.00000 0.00004 -0.00524 0.00039
4 0.58305 0.00244 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00287
101 -0.09968 0.13475 0.00000 0.00004 -0.00524 -0.00009
102 0.43577 -0.01066 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00251
103 0.43506 -0.00563 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00233
4 1 0.01690 -
-00.00999 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00013
2 0.01610 -0.00422 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00006
3 0.09764 0.15141 0.00000 0.00004 0.00499 -0.00039
4
This website stores data such as 0.58265 -0.00244 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00287
101 0.13065 0.13720 0.00000 0.00004 0.00499 -0.00020
102 0.46174 -0.01249 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00201
functionality, as well as 1
marketing,
03 0.44848 -0.00862 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00207
personalization, and5analytics.
1 You
0.00648 -0.01246 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00042
may change your settings 2 at any time
0.00963 -0.00650 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00035
3 -0.10706 0.17304 0.00080 -0.00002 -0.00598 0.00019
4 0.66062 0.00279 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00211
101 -0.09
.09095 0.15
.15408 0.0
0.00080 -0.0
0.00002 -0.
-0.00598
598 -0.
-0.00058
058
Privacy Policy 102 0.50755 -0.01212 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00216
103 0.49988 -0.00638 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00187
Marketing 6 1 0.01129 -
-00.01134 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00027
2 0.01305 -0.00482 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00016
Personalization 3 0.10706 0.17304 0.00087 -0.00002 0.00570 -0.00019
4 0.66015 -0.00279 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00210
Analytics
101 0.13140 0.15688 0.00087 -0.00002 0.00570 0.00024
102 0.51337 -0.01421 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00125
Save Accept
103 All0.50279 -0.00980 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00139
Page 33 of 51

Piperack Design
- PI
PIPE
PERA
RACK
CK DESI
DESIGN
GN - EX
EXAM
AMPL
PLE
E 1 - DE
DESI
SIGN
GN GU
GUID
IDEL
ELIN
INES
ES BEST
BEST P -- PA
PAGE
GE NO
NO.
. 4
JO
JOIN
INT
T DISPL
DISPLAC
ACEM
EMEN
ENT
T (IN
(INCH
CH RA
RADI
DIAN
ANS)
S) STRU
STRUCT
CTUR
URE
E TYP
TYPE
E = SP
SPAC
ACE
E
------------------
JOINT LOAD X-TRANS Y-TRANS Z-TRANS X-ROTAN Y-ROTAN Z-ROTAN
7 1 0.01083 -0.01344 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00017

2 0.01459 -0.00695 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00019
3 -0.10948 0.19467 0.00000 0.00007 -0.00630 0.00004
4 0.72305 0.00296 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00190
101 -0.08407 0.17428 0.00000 0.00007 -0.00630 -0.00031
102 0.56135 -0.01308 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00169
103 0.54965 -0.00692 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00153
8 1 0.01139 -
-00.01224 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00002
2 0.01406 -0.00513 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00002
3 0.10948 0.19467 0.00000 0.00005 0.00596 -0.00004
4 0.72252 -0.00296 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00189
101 0.13493 0.17730 0.00000 0.00005 0.00596 -0.00005
102 0.56098 -0.01524 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00142
103 0.54964 -0.01054 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00141
9 1 0.01324 -0.01437 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00029
2 0.01881 -0.00741 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00030
3 -0.10888 0.21630 0.00469 0.00011 -0.00662 -0.00001
4 0.77589 0.00312 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00150
101 -0.07682 0.19452 0.00469 0.00011 -0.00662 -0.00061
102 0.60596 -0.01399 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00157
103 0.59092 -0.00743 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00132
10 1 0.01342 -
-00.01309 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00015
2 0.01642 -0.00543 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00007
3 0.10888 0.21630 0.00338 0.00008 0.00621 0.00001
4 0.77522 -0.00312 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00149
101 0.13871 0.19778 0.00338 0.00008 0.00621 0.00023
102 0.60379 -0.01623 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00095
This website stores data such as 0.59054
103 -0.01125 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00102
11 1 0.02081 -0.01519 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 - 0.
0.00046
2 0.02462 -0.00740 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00004
3 -0.10817 0.25956 0.00000 -0.00017 -0.00031 -0.00001
4 You
0.86380 0.00323 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00128
may change your settings 101at any-time
0.06
.06274 0.23
.23697 0.0
0.00000 -0.0
0.00017 -0.
-0.00031
031 -0.
-0.00052
052
102 0.68192 -0.01452 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00134
103 0.66200 -0.00791 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00127
12 1 0.01346 -
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Privacy Policy 2 0.02243 -0.00544 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00012
3 0.10817 0.25956 0.00000 -0.00012 0.00031 0.00001
Marketing 4 0.86238 -0.00323 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00126
101 0.14406 0.24020 0.00000 -0.00012 0.00031 0.00025
Personalization 102 0.67370 -0.01694 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00077
103 0.65594 -0.01189 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00070
Analytics
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Page 34 of 51

Piperack Design
- PI
PIPE
PERA
RACK
CK DESI
DESIGN
GN - EX
EXAM
AMPL
PLE
E 1 - DE
DESI
SIGN
GN GU
GUID
IDEL
ELIN
INES
ES BEST
BEST P -- PA
PAGE
GE NO
NO.
. 5
Allowab
Allowable
le Pipe
Piperac
rack
k Dri
Drift
ft Limi
Limit
t
H 30 x 12
∆ max = = = 2.40 inches > 0.6819 o.k.
150 150
SU
SUPP
PPOR
ORT
T REAC
REACTI
TION
ONS
S -U
-UNI
NIT
T KI
KIP
P FE
FEET
ET ST
STRU
RUCT
CTUR
URE
E TY
TYPE
PE = S
SPA
PACE
CE
-----------------
JOINT L
LO
OAD FORCE-X FORCE-Y FORCE-Z MOM-X MOM-Y MOM Z
1 1 0.57 24.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 -3.39

2 0.42 12.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.29
3 1.08 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.04 -11.86
4 -5.59 -5.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 65.26
101 2.07 36.34 0.01 0.05 0.04 -17.54
102 -3.45 23.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 44.68
103 -3.81 12.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 46.64

2 1 -0.57 21.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20
2 -0.42 9.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.32
3 -1.08 0.00 0.01 0.05 -0.04 11.86
4 -5.59 5.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 65.22
101 -2.07 31.08 0.01 0.05 -0.04 19.37
102 -4.93 27.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.55
103 -4.58 18.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 51.77
3 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 0.00 0.00 -0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
101 0.00 0.00 -0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00
102 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
103 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
cookies to enable essential3site 0.00 0.00 -0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
101 You 0.00 0.00 -0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00
102 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
103 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Privacy Policy 3 0.00 0.00 -2.05 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Marketing 101 0.00 0.00 -2.05 0.00 0.00 0.00
102 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Personalization 103 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Analytics 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 0.00 0.00 -1.62 0.00 0.00 0.00
Save Accept
4 All 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Page 35 of 51

Piperack Design
- PI
PIPE
PERA
RACK
CK DESI
DESIGN
GN - EX
EXAM
AMPL
PLE
E 1 - DE
DESI
SIGN
GN GU
GUID
IDEL
ELIN
INES
ES BEST
BEST P -- PA
PAGE
GE NO
NO.
. 6
SU
SUPP
PPOR
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T REAC
REACTI
TION
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S -U
-UNI
NIT
T KI
KIP
P FE
FEET
ET ST
STRU
RUCT
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E TY
TYPE
PE = S
SPA
PACE
CE
-----------------
JOINT L
LO
OAD FORCE-X FORCE-Y FORCE-Z MOM-X MOM-Y MOM Z
101 0.00 0.00 -1.62 0.00 0.00 0.00

102 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
103 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 0.00 0.00 -0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
101 0.00 0.00 -0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00
102 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
103 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 0.00 0.00 -0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
101 0.00 0.00 -0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
102 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
103 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Privacy Policy
Marketing
Personalization
Analytics
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Piperack Design
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MEMBER END FORCES STRUCTU

STRUCTURE
RE TYPE = SPACE
-----------------
ALL UNITS ARE -- KIP FEET
MEMBER LOAD JT AXIAL SHEAR-Y SHEAR-Z TORSION MOM-Y MOM-Z
1 1 1 24.10 -0.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 -3.39

3 -23.17 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 -6.56
2 1 12.25 -0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.29
3 -12.25 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 -5.08
3 1 0.00 -1.08 0.01 0.04 -0.05 -11.86
3 0.00 1.08 -0.01 -0.04 -0.11 -7.05
4 1 -5.26 5.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 65.26
3 5.26 -5.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.95
101 1 36.34 -2.07 0.01 0.04 -0.05 -17.54
3 -35.42 2.07 -0.01 -0.04 -0.11 -18.69
102 1 23.31 3.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 44.68
3 -22.62 -3.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.23
103 1 12.44 3.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 46.64
3 -11.81 -3.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.50
2 1 3 22.51 -0.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.56

5 -22.38 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 -7.98
2 3 12.25 -0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.08
5 -12.25 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 -6.13
3 3 0.00 -1.08 -0.32 0.04 0.11 7.05
5 0.00 1.08 0.32 -0.04 0.69 -9.75
4 3 -5.26 4.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 -27.95
5 5.26 -4.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.86
101 3 34.76 -2.07 -0.32 0.04 0.11 18.69
5 -34.62 2.07 0.32 -0.04 0.69 -23.87
102 3 22
2.
.0
12
2 2.
.5
506 0.
.0
00
0 0.
.0
000 0.
.0
000 -1
18
2.
.525
3
cookies to enable essential site 5 -2 -2 0 0 0
marketing, 3 11.36 2.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 -16.50
5 -11.27 -2.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.71
3 1 5 14.91 -6.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 -19.56
or accept the default settings. 7 -14.78 6.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.80
2 5 6.85 -4.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 -13.04
7 -6.85 4.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.07
Privacy Policy 3 5 0.00 1.70 0.91 0.02 -0.69 8.66
7 0.00 -1.70 -0.91 -0.02 -1.59 -4.40
Marketing 4 5 -2.52 3.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 -4.60
7 2.52 -3.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.67
Personalization
101 5 21.76 -9.79 0.91 0.02 -0.69 -23.95
Analytics 7 -21.63 9.79 -0.91 -0.02 -1.59 -0.53
102 5 14.43 -5.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 -27.90
7 -14.33 5.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.16
Save Accept All
Page 37 of 51

Piperack Design
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RE TYPE = SPACE
-----------------
103 5 8.25 -1.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 -16.75

7 -8.16 1.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.16
4 1 7 14.12 -6.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.80
9 -13.99 6.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 -13.96
2 7 6.85 -4.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.07
9 -6.85 4.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 -10.90
3 7 0.00 1.70 -1.14 0.02 1.59 4.40
9 0.00 -1.70 1.14 -0.02 1.27 -0.14
4 7 -2.52 2.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 -13.67
9 2.52 -2.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.91
101 7 20.97 -9.79 -1.14 0.02 1.59 0.53
9 -20.84 9.79 1.14 -0.02 1.27 -25.00
102 7 13.84 -6.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 -13.16
9 -13.74 6.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.96
103 7 7.71 -2.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 -12.16
9 -7.62 2.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.19
5 1 9 6.30 -6.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 -13.55

11 -6.04 6.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 -20.97
2 9 -0.06 -2.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 -10.87
11 0.06 2.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60
3 9 0.00 0.04 0.25 -0.19 -1.27 0.18
11 0.00 -0.04 -0.25 0.19 0.00 0.03
4 9 -0.80 2.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.54
11 0.80 -2.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.07
101 9 6.24 -8.91 0.25 -0.19 -1.27 -24.24
102site 11
cookies to enable essential 9 -5
4.
.9
08
8 -8
5.
.9
017 -0
0.
.2
05
0 0
0.
.1
090 0.0
0.000 -1
-27
0.
.931
4
functionality, as well as marketing,11 -3.88 5.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 -7.72

103
personalization, and analytics. You9 3.68 -3.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 -8.81
11 -3.50 3.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 -6.71
6 1 2 21.98 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20
4 -21.05 -0.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.76
2 2 9.09 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.32
Privacy Policy 4 -9.09 -0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.05
3 2 0.00 1.08 0.01 -0.04 -0.05 11.86
Marketing 4 0.00 -1.08 -0.01 0.04 -0.11 7.05
4 2 5.26 5.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 65.22
Personalization
4 -5.26 -5.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.94
Analytics 101 2 31.08 2.07 0.01 -0.04 -0.05 19.37
4 -30.15 -2.07 -0.01 0.04 -0.11 16.86
102
Save Accept All 2
4
27.25
-26.56
4.93
-4.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
54.55
28.31
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STRUCTURE
RE TYPE = SPACE
-----------------
103 2 18.89 4.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 51.77

4 -18.26 -4.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.87
7 1 4 20.39 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 -5.76

6 -20.26 -0.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.18
2 4 9.09 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 -4.05
6 -9.09 -0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.11
3 4 0.00 1.08 -0.30 -0.04 0.11 -7.05
6 0.00 -1.08 0.30 0.04 0.65 9.75
4 4 5.26 4.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 -27.94
6 -5.26 -4.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.84
101 4 29.49 2.07 -0.30 -0.04 0.11 -16.86
6 -29.36 -2.07 0.30 0.04 0.65 22.03
102 4 26.06 4.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 -28.31
6 -25.96 -3.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.34
103 4 17.81 3.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 -24.87
6 -17.72 -3.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.01
8 1 6 13.70 6.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.56

8 -13.57 -6.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.80
2 6 4.56 4.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.93
8 -4.56 -4.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.96
3 6 0.00 -1.70 0.75 -0.02 -0.65 -8.66
8 0.00 1.70 -0.75 0.02 -1.24 4.40
4 6 2.52 3.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 -4.60
8 -2.52 -3.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.79
101 6 -1
18
8.
.2
17 -9
9.
.7
79 -0
0.
.7
75 -0
0.
.0 2 -
-0
1.
.6
25 2
-4
0.
.833
cookies to enable essential site 8 4 9 5 02 4 6
marketing, 6 15.59 11.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.67
personalization, and analytics. You8 -15.49 -11.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.77
103 6 11.21 7.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.85
8 -11.12 -7.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.44
9 1 8 12.91 6.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.80
10 -12.78 -6.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.96
Privacy Policy 2 8 4.56 4.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.96
10 -4.56 -4.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.01
Marketing 3 8 0.00 -1.70 -0.87 -0.02 1.24 -4.40
10 0.00 1.70 0.87 0.02 0.93 0.14
Personalization
4 8 2.52 2.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 -13.79
Analytics 10 -2.52 -2.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.14
101 8 17.48 9.79 -0.87 -0.02 1.24 0.36
Save Accept All10 -17.34 -9.79 0.87 0.02 0.93 24.11

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Piperack Design
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RE TYPE = SPACE
-----------------
102 8 15.00 10.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 -6.77

10 -14.90 -10.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.83
103 8 10.67 6.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 -8.44
10 -10.58 -6.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.35
10 1 10 6.37 6.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.63

12 -6.11 -6.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.89
2 10 0.06 2.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.45
12 -0.06 -2.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.83
3 10 0.00 -0.04 0.19 0.18 -0.93 -0.18
12 0.00 0.04 -0.19 -0.18 0.00 -0.03
4 10 0.80 2.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27
12 -0.80 -1.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.03
101 10 6.43 8.91 0.19 0.18 -0.93 21.89
12 -6.17 -8.91 -0.19 -0.18 0.00 22.68
102 10 5.43 8.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.76
12 -5.23 -8.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.56
103 10 4.94 6.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.79
12 -4.76 -6.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.41
11 1 5 -6.13 7.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.54

6 6.13 6.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 -26.73
2 5 -4.37 5.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.18
6 4.37 4.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 -19.04
3 5 2.78 0.00 -1.23 0.00 0.03 1.09
6 -2.78 0.00 -1.06 0.00 -0.03 -1.09
4 5 0.61 -2.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 -34.26
6 -7
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7.
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functionality, as well as marketing, 6 7.72 11.09 -1.06 0.00 -0.03 -46.86
102
personalization, and analytics. You5 -7.42 7.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.35
may change your settings at any time 6 7.42 10.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 -60.01
103 5 -3.72 3.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 -6.97
6 3.72 6.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 -43.86
12 1 9 -0.20 7.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.51

Privacy Policy 10 0.20 6.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 -26.59
2 9 2.73 6.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.77
Marketing 10 -2.73 4.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 -19.46
Personalization 3 9 -1.66 0.00 -1.40 0.00 0.21 -0.04
10 1.66 0.00 -1.05 0.00 -0.19 0.04
Analytics 4 9 0.77 -1.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 -21.45
10 -0.77 1.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 -21.41
Save 101
Accept All 9 0.87 14.59 -1.40 0.00 0.21 49.24
10 -0.87 10.91 -1.05 0.00 -0.19 -46.00
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GE NO
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STRUCTURE
RE TYPE = SPACE
-----------------
102 9 2.47 9.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.87

10 -2.47 9.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 -50.59
103 9 0.44 3.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.62
10 -0.44 5.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 -34.14
13 1 11 6.90 5.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.97

12 -6.90 5.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 -21.89
2 11 2.05 -0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.60
12 -2.05 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.83
3 11 -0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.19 -0.03
12 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.03
4 11 1.33 -0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 -10.07
12 -1.33 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 -10.03
101 11 8.91 5.32 0.00 0.00 -0.19 20.34
12 -8.91 5.51 0.00 0.00 0.18 -22.68
102 11 7.71 3.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.72
12 -7.71 4.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 -24.56
103 11 5.69 3.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.71
12 -5.69 4.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 -22.41
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78. LZ 5 MEMB 3 4 8 9
79. LZ 5 MEMB 5 10
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Save Accept All
Page 41 of 51

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ST P -- PA
PAGE
GE NO
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. 12
STAAD
STAAD.Pr
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o COD
CODE
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CHECK
CKING
ING - (AI
*********************** (AISC)
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ALL UNITS ARE - KIP FEET (UNLESS OTHERWIS

OTHERWISE
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MEMBER TABLE RESULT/ CRITICA

CRITICAL
L COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/
FX MY MZ LOCATION
=======================================================================
1 ST W14 X53 PASS AISC- H1-3 0.446 102

23.31 C 0.00 44.68 0.00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| MEM= 1, UNIT KIP-INCH, L= 210.0 AX= 15.60 SZ= 77.7 SY= 14.3 |
| KL/R
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21.
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| FT
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1.60 FCY= 227
7.00 FTY= 227
7.00 FA= 111
1.78 FT= 221
1.60 FV= 14
14.40 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2 ST W14 X53 PASS AISC- H1-3 0.318 101

34.62 C -0.69 23.87 2.50
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| KL
KL/R-Z=
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77.4 CB= 1.00 YLD= 36.00.00 ALL
ALLOWABL
ABLE S
ST
TRESSE
SSES: FCZ= 223
3.76 |
| FT
FTZ= 2
23
3.76 FCY= 227
7.00 FTY= 227
7.00 FA= 115
5.64 FT= 221
1.60 FV= 14
14.40 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3 ST W14 X53 PASS AISC- H1-3 0.248 101

21.76 C -0.69 -23.95 0.00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
functionality, |asMwell
EM=as marketing,
3, UNIT KIP-INCH, L= 30.0 AX= 15.60 SZ= 77.7 SY= 14.3 |
personalization, and analytics. .You
| K
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.00 ALL
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ST
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23
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may change |your FTsettings
FTZ= 2 23
3.7at6anyFtime
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27
7.00 FTY= 2
27
7.00 FA= 1
19
9.52 FT= 221
1.60 FV= 14
14.40 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Privacy Policy
Marketing
Personalization
Analytics
Save Accept All

Page 42 of 51

Piperack Design
- PI
PIPE
PERA
RACK
CK DE
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GN - EX
EXAM
AMPL
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E 1 - DE
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GN GU
GUID
IDEL
ELIN
INES
ES BE
BEST
ST P -- PA
PAGE
GE NO
NO.
. 13

OTHERWISE
E NOTED)
CRITICAL
FX MY MZ LOCATION
=======================================================================
4 ST W14 X53 PASS AISC- H1-3 0.274 101

20.84 C -1.27 25.00 2.50
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| KL
KL/R-Y=
-Y= 46.
46.8 CB= 1.00 YLD= 36.00.00 ALL
ALLOWABL
ABLE S
ST
TRESSE
SSES: FCZ= 223
3.76 |
| FT
FTZ= 2
23
3.76 FCY= 227
7.00 FTY= 227
7.00 FA= 118
8.63 FT= 221
1.60 FV= 14
14.40 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
5 ST W14 X53 PASS AISC- H1-3 0.218 101

6.24 C -1.27 -24.24 0.00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| KL
KL/R-Y=
-Y= 46.
46.8 CB= 1.00 YLD= 36.00.00 ALL
ALLOWABL
ABLE S
ST
TRESSE
SSES: FCZ= 223
3.76 |
| FT
FTZ= 2
23
3.76 FCY= 227
7.00 FTY= 227
7.00 FA= 118
8.63 FT= 221
1.60 FV= 14
14.40 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
6 ST W14 X53 PASS AISC- H1-3 0.538 102

27.25 C 0.00 54.55 0.00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| KL/R
KL/R-Y
-Y=
= 109.
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2 CB
CB=
= 1.
1.00
00 YL
YLD=
D= 36.
36.00
00 AL
ALLO
LOWA
WABL
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E STRE
STRESS
SSES
ES:
: FC
FCZ=
Z= 2
21.
1.60
60 |
| FT
FTZ= 2
21
1.60 FCY= 227
7.00 FTY= 227
7.00 FA= 111
1.78 FT= 221
1.60 FV= 14
14.40 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
functionality, as well7as S
marketing,
T W14 X53 PASS AISC- H1-3 0.356 102
personalization, and analytics. You 25.96 C 0. 00 -38 .34 2.50
Privacy Policy
Marketing
Personalization
Analytics
Save Accept All

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Piperack Design
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PIPE
PERA
RACK
CK DE
DESI
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GN GU
GUID
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BEST
ST P -- PA
PAGE
GE NO
NO.
. 14

OTHERWISE
E NOTED)
CRITICAL
FX MY MZ LOCATION
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| KL
KL/R-Z=
-Z= 77.
77.4 CB= 1.00 YLD= 36.00.00 ALL
ALLOWABL
ABLE S
ST
TRESSE
SSES: FCZ= 223
3.76 |
| FT
FTZ= 2
23
3.76 FCY= 227
7.00 FTY= 227
7.00 FA= 115
5.64 FT= 221
1.60 FV= 14
14.40 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
8 ST W14 X53 PASS AISC- H1-3 0.241 101

18.27 C -0.65 24.83 0.00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| KL
KL/R-Z=
-Z= 35.
35.7 CB= 1.00 YLD= 36.00.00 ALL
ALLOWABL
ABLE S
ST
TRESSE
SSES: FCZ= 223
3.76 |
| FT
FTZ= 2
23
3.76 FCY= 227
7.00 FTY= 227
7.00 FA= 119
9.52 FT= 221
1.60 FV= 14
14.40 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
9 ST W14 X53 PASS AISC- H1-3 0.271 102

14.90 C 0.00 -33.83 2.50
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| KL
KL/R-Y=
-Y= 46.
46.8 CB= 1.00 YLD= 36.00.00 ALL
ALLOWABL
ABLE S
ST
TRESSE
SSES: FCZ= 223
3.76 |
| FT
FTZ= 2
23
3.76 FCY= 227
7.00 FTY= 227
7.00 FA= 118
8.63 FT= 221
1.60 FV= 14
14.40 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

cookies to enable 1 0 ST siteW14 X53
essential PAC
6.43 SS AIS-
C0
-.9
H3
1-3 0.
21 .8
19
93 1.
000
10
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Piperack Design
- PI
PIPE
PERA
RACK
CK DE
DESI
SIGN
GN - EX
EXAM
AMPL
PLE
E 1 - DE
DESI
SIGN
GN GU
GUID
IDEL
ELIN
INES
ES BE
BEST
ST P -- PA
PAGE
GE NO
NO.
. 15

OTHERWISE
E NOTED)
CRITICAL
FX MY MZ LOCATION
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| KL
KL/R-Y=
-Y= 46.
46.8 CB= 1.00 YLD= 36.00.00 ALL
ALLOWABL
ABLE S
ST
TRESSE
SSES: FCZ= 223
3.76 |
| FT
FTZ= 2
23
3.76 FCY= 227
7.00 FTY= 227
7.00 FA= 118
8.63 FT= 221
1.60 FV= 14
14.40 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
11 ST W12 X45 PASS AISC- H2-1 0.809 102

7.42 T 0.00 60.01 25.00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| KL/R
KL/R-Y
-Y=
= 154.
154.1
1 CB
CB=
= 1.
1.00
00 YL
YLD=
D= 36.
36.00
00 AL
ALLO
LOWA
WABL
BLE
E STRE
STRESS
SSES
ES:
: FC
FCZ=
Z= 1
15.
5.34
34 |
| FT
FTZ= 2
21
1.60 FCY= 227
7.00 FTY= 227
7.00 FA= 6.28 FT= 21 21.60 FV= 14
14.40 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
12 ST W12 X40 PASS AISC- H1-3 0.880 102

2.47 C 0.00 50.59 25.00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| KL/R
KL/R-Y
-Y=
= 155.
155.2
2 CB
CB=
= 1.
1.00
00 YL
YLD=
D= 36.
36.00
00 AL
ALLO
LOWA
WABL
BLE
E STRE
STRESS
SSES
ES:
: FC
FCZ=
Z= 1
13.
3.81
81 |
| FT
FTZ= 2
21
1.60 FCY= 227
7.00 FTY= 227
7.00 FA= 6.20 FT= 21 21.60 FV= 14
14.40 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

cookies to enable 1 3 ST siteW10 X33
essential PAC
7.71 SS AISC0
-.0
H0
1-3 0.
24 .5
76
20 1.
2500
20
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Piperack Design
- PI
PIPE
PERA
RACK
CK DE
DESI
SIGN
GN - EX
EXAM
AMPL
PLE
E 1 - DE
DESI
SIGN
GN GU
GUID
IDEL
ELIN
INES
ES BE
BEST
ST P -- PA
PAGE
GE NO
NO.
. 16
ALL
ALL UNIT
UNITS
S ARE
ARE - KI
KIP
P FE
FEET
ET (UNL
(UNLES
ESS
S OTHE
OTHERW
RWIS
ISE
E NO
NOTE
TED)
D)
MEMBER TABLE RESULT/ CRITICAL COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/
FX MY MZ LOCATION
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| KL/R
KL/R-Y
-Y=
= 154.
154.5
5 CB
CB=
= 1.
1.00
00 YL
YLD=
D= 36.
36.00
00 AL
ALLO
LOWA
WABL
BLE
E STRE
STRESS
SSES
ES:
: FC
FCZ=
Z= 1
14.
4.23
23 |
| FT
FTZ= 2
21
1.60 FCY= 227
7.00 FTY= 227
7.00 FA= 6.25 FT= 21 21.60 FV= 14
14.40 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
87.
87. LOAD
LOAD LIST
LIST ALL
ALL
88. FIN
FINISH
ISH
*******
***********
*******
****
* END OF STAA
STAAD.Pr
D.Pro
o ****
********
********
*******
***
**** DATE=
TE= J
JUL
UL 1,2
1,2002 TIME
IME= 9:55:30
:30 **
****
*********************************************************
* For questions on STAAD.Pro, please contact : *
* Re
Rese
sear
arch
ch En
Engi
gine
neer
ers
s by
by em
emai
ail
l : su
supp
ppor
ort@
t@re
reiu
iusa
sa.c
.com
om *
* US We
West
st Co
Coast
ast:
: Ph-
Ph-(71
(714)
4) 974-
974-250
2500,
0, Fax-
Fax-(71
(714)
4) 97
974-
4-477
4771
1 *
* US Eas
East
t Co
Coas
ast:
t: Ph-(7
Ph-(781
81)
) 89
890-
0-76
7677
77 Fax-
Fax-(7
(781
81)
) 89
895-
5-11
1117
17 *
*********************************************************

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Page 46 of 51

Piperack Design
Staad.Pro Query Deflection Result

Beam no. 11
Deflection in Local Y axis. Load case 101.

functionality, as well as marketing, Allowable
Allowable Beam Deflection:
Deflection:
may change your settings at any time L 25 x 12
or accept the default settings. ∆ max = = = 1.25 inch > 0.191 o.k.
240 240
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Piperack Design

Beam no. 12

may change your settings at any time Allowable
Deflection:
L 25 x 12
∆ max = = = 1.25 inch > 0.206 o.k.
240 240
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Piperack Design

Beam no. 13

functionality, as well as marketing, Allowable
Deflection:
may change your settings at any time L 25 x 12
or accept the default settings. ∆ max = = = 1.25 inch > 0.183 o.k.
240 240
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Piperack Design
Attachment 3
Weights of Standard (STD) and Extra Strong (XS) Pipes
Table 1 – *Weight of Standard (Std) Pipes

Nomial SCH. Wall Weight Weight Weight Outside
Pipe Size No. Thickness Pipe Water Total Diam.
Inches API Inches Pound per ft Pound per ft Pound per ft Inches
0.5 40 0.109 0.85 0.13 0.98 0.840

1 40 0.133 1.68 0.38 2.06 1.315
1.5 40 0.145 2.72 0.88 3.60 1.900
2 40 0.154 3.65 1.45 5.10 2.375
2.5 40 0.203 5.79 2.07 7.86 2.875

3 40 0.216 7.58 3.20 10.78 3.500
3.5 40 0.226 9.11 4.29 13.40 4.000
4 40 0.237 10.79 5.50 16.29 4.500
5 40 0.258 14.62 8.67 23.29 5.563

6 40 0.280 18.97 12.51 31.48 6.625
8 40 0.322 28.55 21.70 50.25 8.625
10 40 0.365 40.48 34.20 74.68 10.750
12 40 0.406 53.52 48.50 102.02 12.750

14 40 0.438 63.44 58.64 122.08 14.000
16 40 0.375 62.58 79.12 141.70 16.000
18 30 0.438 82.15 99.84 181.99 18.000
This website stores data 20 such as 20 0.375 78.60 125.67 204.27 20.000
22 site 20 0.375 86.61 153.68 240.29 22.000
functionality, as well as24marketing, 20 0.375 94.62 183.95 278.57 24.000
26 You 0.375 102.63 216.99 319.62 26.000
28 0.375 110.64 252.73 363.37 28.000
30 0.375 118.65 291.18 409.83 30.000
32 0.375 126.66 332.36 459.02 32.000
Privacy Policy 34 0.375 134.67 376.27 510.94 34.000
Marketing 36 0.375 142.68 422.89 565.57 36.000

Personalization42 0.375 167.00 579.30 746.30 42.000
Analytics *Shaded area are the most common pipes used. However, weights of actual pipe should
be used based on piping drawings.
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Page 50 of 51

Piperack Design
Table 1A – *Weight of Heavy (Extra Strong - XS) Pipes
Nomial SCH. Wall Weight Weight Weight Outside

Pipe Size No. Thickness Pipe Water Total Diam.
Inches API Inches Pound per ft Pound per ft Pound per ft Inches
0.5 80 0.147 1.09 0.10 1.19 0.840

1 80 0.179 2.17 0.31 2.48 1.315
1.5 80 0.200 3.63 0.77 4.40 1.900
2 80 0.218 5.02 1.28 6.30 2.375
0.00
2.5 80 0.276 7.66 1.87 9.53 2.875
3 80 0.300 10.25 2.86 13.11 3.500
3.5 80 0.318 12.50 3.84 16.34 4.000
4 80 0.337 14.98 4.98 19.96 4.500
5 80 0.375 20.78 7.88 28.66 5.563

6 80 0.432 28.57 11.29 39.86 6.625
8 80 0.500 43.39 19.78 63.17 8.625
10 80 0.594 64.43 31.13 95.56 10.750
12 80 0.688 88.63 44.04 132.67 12.750

14 80 0.750 106.13 53.18 159.31 14.000
16 80 0.844 136.61 69.73 206.34 16.000
18 80 0.938 170.92 88.50 259.42 18.000
20 40 0.594 123.11 120.46 243.57 20.000

22 30 0.500 114.81 150.09 264.90 22.000
24 40 0.688 171.29 174.23 345.52 24.000
26 20 0.500 136.17 212.71 348.88 26.000
28 site 20 0.500 146.85 252.73 399.58 28.000
functionality, as well as30marketing, 20 0.500 157.53 291.18 448.71 30.000
32 You 20 0.500 168.21 327.06 495.27 32.000
may change your settings 34 at any time
20 0.500 178.89 370.63 549.52 34.000
36 20 0.500 189.68 416.91 606.59 36.000
42 0.500 222.00 572.30 794.30 42.000
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*Shaded area are the most common pipes used. However, weights of actual pipe should
Marketing
be used based on piping drawings.
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Steel Piperack Design

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STEEL PIPERACK DESIGN

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List of Figures for Example 1

3. Wind Loads on Typical Bent.....................................................................

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Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards

Saudi Aramco Best Practices

American Concrete Institute (ACI)

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

Guidelines for Seismic Evaluation and Design of Petrochemical

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This website stores3.7 The

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The maximum allowable drift limits for piperack shall not exceed H/100

designed by the engineer and shall be shown on the engineering drawings.

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Document Responsibility: Onshore Structures SABP-007

shall also be considered as dead load. All piping shall

PDL = S (WDL - pDL D)

Privacy Policy 4.2.2 Piperacks

Document Responsibility: Onshore Structures SABP-007

PPL = S (WPL - pPL D)

Thermal loads shall be defined as forces caused by changes in the temperature

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The 10% of the total piping weight shall be taken as an estimated

This website stores data such as run.

Thermal forces caused by structure expansion and contraction should be

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sunheating effects on structural steel which can be estimated at about

4.5.1 Wind loads on all

F = qz G Cf A (ASCE 7 - Table 6-1)

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Earthquake loads shall be computed and applied in accordance with ASCE 7 -

ASCE's Guideline for Seismic Evaluation of Design of Petrochemical Facilities

D + PL + FF + TF + AF (if any) Load Comb. 1

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0.80 [D + Pt + (1/4 W or 1/4E)] Load Comb. 4

5.1.2 The engineer

The following load combinations of loads are

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1.4D + 1.4Pt + (0.57W or 0.63E) Load Comb. 4

Strength design methods of ACI shall be used in piperack footi

7.1.1 The principa