Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace June 20, 2015

-Science and Engineering-, Vol.20

Prediction of Motion Responses of Ship Shape Floating Structure

using Diffraction Potential

C.L.Siow,a, J. Koto,a,b,*, M.Pauzi,c, H.Yasukawa,d, A.Matsuda,e, D.Terada,e

a)
Department of Aeronautics, Automotive and Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
b)
Ocean and Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia
c)
Marine Technology Center, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia..
d)
Department of Transportation and Environmental Systems, Hiroshima University, Japan
e)
National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering (NRIFE), Japan

*Corresponding author: jaswar@mail.fkm.utm.my and jaswar.koto@gmail.com

Paper History Wave Number

Received: 8-June-2015
Received in revised form: 17-June-2015 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Accepted: 19-June-2015
Behavior or a floating structure using Round Shape FPSO was
studied by Lamport and Josefsson in year 2008. They were
carried a research to study the advantage of round shape FPSO
ABSTRACT over the traditional ship-shape FPSO [1]. The comparisons were
made to compare motion response, mooring system design,
This paper reviewed the capability of the proposed programming constructability and fabrication, operability, safety and costing
coded based on diffraction potential theory to predict a ship shape between both the structures. One of the finding on their study is
floating structure’s motion response. This paper briefly presents the motions of their designed structures are similar at any
the procedure to apply the diffraction potential theory to simulate direction of incident wave with little yaw excitation due to
the ship shape floating structure’s motion response. As case mooring and riser asymmetry. Next, Arslan, Pettersen, and
study, the proposed programming code was applied to prediction Andersson (2011) are also performed a study on fluid flow
motion responses of ship shape floating structure in surging, around the round shape FPSO in side-by-side offloading
heaving, pitching, swaying, rolling and yawing directions. Results condition. FLUENT software was used to simulate three
of simulation were compared with ANSYS AQWA software as dimensional (3D) unsteady cross flow pass a pair of ship sections
bench mark. It found that the simulation results by the proposed in close proximity and the behavior of the vortex-shedding around
programming code are similar with the ANSYS one. the two bluff bodies [2]. Besides, simulation of fluid flow
Characteristic around Rounded-Shape FPSO by self-develop
programming code based on RANs method also conducted by A.
KEY WORDS: Wave Response, Diffraction Potential, ANSYS Efi et al.[3].
AQWA; Ship Shape Floating Structure. As presented by Siow.et al. [6], their finding found that the
diffraction potential theory is less accurate to predict the floating
structure heave motion response when the wave frequency is
NOMENCLATURE close to the structure’s natural frequency. In this situation, the
heave response calculated by the diffraction potential theory is
Φ , , Velocity Potential in x, y, z directions significantly higher compared to experimental result due to the
; Green Function low damping represented by the theory [9].
Drag Force In order to improve the heave motion predict by the diffraction
Horizontal Distance potential theory, Siow. et al. tried to increase the damping

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 Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace June 20, 2015
-Science and Engineering-, Vol.20

coefficient by adding viscous damping into the motion equation. assumed to be the same. However, radiation wave potentials are
In his study, the viscous damping is treated as an extra matrix and affected by each type of motions of each single floating body in
can be added into the motion equation separately [6]. Besides the system, where the total radiation wave potential from the
this, Siow et al. also tried to integrate the linearized Morison drag single body is the summation of the radiation wave generates by
equation with diffraction potential theory. The linear Morison each type of body motions such as surge, sway,heave,roll, pitch
drag equation would modify both the damping term and exciting and yaw,
force in the motion equation compared to the viscous damping Also, the wave potential ∅ must be satisfied with boundary
correction method which only modified the damping term in conditions as below:
motion equation. The accuracy of the modification solutions are
also checked with the semi-submersible experiment result which ∇. ∅ = 0 012 0 ≤ ≤ℎ (3)
was carried out at the towing tank of the Universiti Teknologi
5∅ :
Malaysia [10]. The 6-DOF Round Shape FPSO motion result + 7∅ 89 =0 7= (4)
calculated by this method and the comparison of result between 56
the proposed methods with experiment result was published by
5∅
Siow et.al in year 2015 [11]. =0 89 =ℎ (5)
56
This paper is targeted to review the accuracy of diffraction
potential theory in order to evaluate the motion response of a (
∅~ > ?@ = Aℎ1BCD E 0 "0 2 ∞ (6)
ship. The diffraction potential theory estimates wave exciting √=
forces on the floating body based on the frequency domain and
5GH 5∅@
this method can be considered as an efficient one to study the =− 1K 9ℎ E1D E1BKD82 (7)
5I 5I
motion of large size floating structure with acceptable accuracy.
The accuracy of the diffraction potential method to predict the 2.2 Wave Potential
structures response was also detailed studied. The good accuracy By considering the wave potential only affected by model
of this diffraction theory applied to large structures is due to the surface, SH, the wave potential at any point can be presented by
significant diffraction effect that exists in the large size structure the following equation:
in wave [4]. In this study, the motion response of ship shape
floating structure ship is simulated by the diffraction potential 5∅ N 5P Q;N
theory and compared with ANSYS AQWA. ∅ = ∬T M ; −∅ R DS (8)
U 5IO 5IO

Where P =(x, y, z) represents fluid flow pointed at any coordinate

2.0 NUMERICAL CALCULATION and = V, W, ) represent any coordinate, (x, y, z) on model
surface, SH. The green function can be applied here to estimate
2.1 Diffraction Potential the strength of the wave flow potential. The green function in eq.
In this study, the diffraction potential method was used to obtain (8) can be summarized as follow:
the wave force act on the ship shape FPSO, also the added mass
and damping for all six directions of motions. The regular wave 1
acting on floating bodies can be described by velocity potential. ; =−
4Z[ −V + −W .+ −\
. .
The velocity potential normally written in respective to the flow
direction and time as below: + ] − V, − W, + \
(9)
Φ , , = , ,
where ] − V, − W, + \ in eq. (9) represent the effect of free
(1)
surface and can be solved by second kind of Bessel function.
, , =
, , + , , + ∑&%'( "#$% % , , (2) 2.3 Wave Force, Added Mass and Damping
The wave force or moment act on the model to cause the motions
where, of structure can be obtained by integral the diffraction wave
potential along the structure surface.
g : Gravity acceleration
)* : Incident wave amplitude ^ = − ∬T , , K DS (10)
$% : Motions amplitude U

= _+
: Incident wave potential
where, is diffraction potential,
: Scattering wave potential
Also, the added mass, Aij and damping, Bij for each motion can
% : Radiation wave potential due to motions
be obtained by integral the radiation wave due to each motion
+ : Direction of motion along the structure surface.
From the above equation, it is shown that total wave potential
in the system is contributed by the potential of the incident wave, ` % = −a ∬T % , , K DS (11)
U
scattering wave and radiation wave. In addition, the phase and
amplitude of both the incident wave and scattering wave are b % = −a# ∬T cd % , , K DS (12)
U

2 Published by International Society of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace Scientists and Engineers
 Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace June 20, 2015
-Science and Engineering-, Vol.20

theory correctly.
K in eq. (10) to eq. (12) is the normal vector for each direction of
motion, i = 1~ 6 represent the direction of motion and j = 1~6
represent the six type of motions. The motion equation is shown
as follows:

d + d* $e6 + fEg h$i6 + 7 = g (13)

3.0 SIMULATION RESULTS OF SHIP SHAPE FPSO

The objective of this paper is reviewing motion responses of a s

ship shape floating structure estimated by the diffraction potential
theory. As a case study, the designed KVLCC2 has 320 meter of
length between perpendiculars in full scale. The model was
constructed from wood following the scale of 1:110. Upon the
model complete constructed, inclining test, and roll decay test Figure 2: Mesh of KVLCC2 applied in the simulation
were conducted to identify the hydrostatic particular of the
dimension and measured data of the model was summarized as in ANSYS AQWA Diffraction Potential
Table 2 and Figure.1. 0.8
0.7
Table 1: Particular of KVLCC2 Ship
Symbol Model 0.6
Surge RAO, m/m

Length between Perpendicular (m) 2.9091 0.5

Length Water Line (m) 2.9591 0.4
Breadth (m) 0.5273 0.3
Draught (m) 0.1891 0.2
Displacement (m3) 0.2349
0.1
Block Coefficient 0.8098
0
Wetted Surface Area (m2) 2.2906
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Wavelength, m
Figure 3: Surge motion response of KVLCC ship predicted by
Diffraction Potential theory and ANSYS AQWA.

ANSYS AQWA Diffraction Potential

1.2

1
Sway RAO, m/m

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Wavelength, m

Figure 1: Model of KVLCC2 ship

Figure 4: Sway motion response of KVLCC ship predicted by
Diffraction Potential theory and ANSYS AQWA software
The sample of mesh of the model used in simulation by the
diffraction potential theory and ANSYS AQWA are showed in
Figure 2. The motion responses of KVLCC2 ship calculated by
the diffraction potential theory and ANSYS AQWA are presented
in Figures 3 ~ 8. From the figures, it can be seen that tendency by
the diffraction potential theory the diffraction potential theory
return the same result as the result predicted by ANSYS AQWA.
The observation also proved that the self-developed diffraction
potential coding is developed based on the diffraction potential

3 Published by International Society of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace Scientists and Engineers
 Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace June 20, 2015
-Science and Engineering-, Vol.20

ANSYS AQWA Diffraction Potential

ANSYS AQWA Diffraction Potential
0.4
1
0.9 0.35
0.8 0.3

Yaw RAO, deg/m

Heave RAO, m/m

0.7
0.25
0.6
0.5 0.2
0.4 0.15
0.3
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.05
0
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Wavelength, m Wavelength, m
Figure 5: Heave motion response of KVLCC ship predicted by Figure 8: Yaw motion response of KVLCC ship predicted by
Diffraction Potential theory and ANSYS AQWA software. Diffraction Potential theory and ANSYS AQWA software

ANSYS AQWA Diffraction Potential

0.7 5.0 CONCLUSION
0.6
In conclusion, this paper reviewed the tendency of heave motion
0.5 response predicted by the proposed diffraction potential theory
Pitch RAO, deg/m

0.4 with Morison drag term correction method. In the beginning, the
0.3 FPSO heave motion response predicted by the self-developed
programming was compared to the predicted result by ANSYS
0.2
AQWA. The comparison showed that the self-developed
0.1 diffraction potential coding have the same performance as
0 ANSYS AQWA software where both method provided same
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 tendency of result and almost similar response amplitude at any
-0.1
Wavelength, m wavelength. After that, the study was focused in compared the
effect of the drag effect in the motion response prediction. By
Figure 6: Pitch motion response of KVLCC ship predicted by involved the Morison drag term in the calculation, the peak heave
Diffraction Potential theory and ANSYS AQWA software response predicted by the diffraction potential theory with
Morison Drag correction method is lower compared to the
diffraction potential theory and ANSYS AQWA. This shown that
ANSYS AQWA Diffraction Potential by involved the drag effect in the calculation would help to avoid
14
the diffraction potential theory predict the FPSO heave motion
response with the significant higher magnitude in the damping
12 dominate region.
Roll RAO, deg/m

10

8
ACKNOWLEGMENT
6
The authors are very grateful to Faculty of Mechanical
4 Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Ocean and
2 Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia, Department of
Transportation and Environmental Systems, Hiroshima
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
University, Japan and National Research Institute of Fisheries
Wavelength, m
Engineering (NRIFE), Japan for supporting this research.

Figure 7: Roll motion response of KVLCC ship predicted by

Diffraction Potential theory and ANSYS AQWA software
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