INTRODUCTION

Human trafficking is trade and business that involves the illegal movement or

migration of human beings, including legal and forced labor activities. The term is

used in a narrower context by advocacy groups to refer to the recruitment,

transportation, protection or recruitment of human beings for the purposes of slavery,

prostitution and forced labor.

The issue of human trafficking is a serious scenario that is plaguing the world

globally. Human trafficking is also at an increasingly alarming level with an

estimated nearly 2.5 million people from 127 countries have been trafficked

worldwide (Mohd Bakri, 2010). If examined, human trafficking is not a new

phenomenon which hit the world in fact it is believed to have started thousands of

years ago in form slavery. Through historical studies there is also evidence to show

that human trafficking has occurred in regions such as Southeast Asia since colonial

times again. This can be seen, for example, through women from Japan and China

who have migrated through Singapore to other Southeast Asian countries to serve

as sex workers (Glind and Kooijmans, 2008). Human trafficking is defined as acts

involving the acquisition or retention of labor or services someone through coercion

such as recruiting, transporting, moving, protecting, provide or receive a person

(Section 2 of the Anti -Trafficking in Persons Act And Anti -Smuggling of Migrants,

2007).
 Human trafficking takes several forms. Among them is exploitation sex, bonded

labour, forced domestic slavery, organ sales and trafficking baby. Sexual exploitation

usually involves deceived victims of human trafficking with the promise of getting a

well -paying job but then being forced prostitution while bonded labour in turn

involves victims of human trafficking smuggled illegally and fully manipulated to work

under supervision strict and sometimes unpaid salaries (Wan Abdul Halim, 2015).

Domestic devotion meanwhile according to Wan Abdul Halim (2015) usually involves

victims of human trafficking i.e. women who are forced to work as maids or nannies

while children are forced to work as beggars and the sale of organs is also one of the

from the form of human trafficking from which most of these organs are obtained

from backward countries while infant trafficking is usually carried out by kidnapping

syndicates because they are always in high demand.

There are three types of countries involved in the issue of human trafficking,

namely countries source, transit country and destination country. The source country

is the country in which people which is traded it comes from. The source country

became the focus of the syndicate to find individuals or groups of people who will be

their victims. Next is the transit country is a country used as a route by human

trafficking syndicates for bringing victims of human trafficking before arriving in the

destination country. Route method used to travel to transit countries include by land,

sea and the air. The destination country is the recipient country of victims of human

trafficking or the country targeted by the syndicate to bring in their victims.

 As a rapidly developing country, Malaysia cannot avoid facing the issue of

human trafficking because the issue is a global issue hit almost every country in the

world. However, the question is to what extent the Malaysian government is making

serious efforts to eradicate it human trafficking from continuing to occur in the

country. Therefore, the objective this study is to discuss the phenomenon of human

trafficking issues that are occurs in Malaysia along with the efforts undertaken by the

Malaysian government to eradicate this issue.

Based on a report released by the International Labor Organization (ILO) states

that the crime of human trafficking has made a profit of USD 44.3 billion a year after

gun and drug crimes. The issue of trafficking is due to the high demand for labor,

sexual services, debt traps and poverty. Typically, the victims involved are usually

not given any choice and are unable to report their suffering as a result of tight

control by certain syndicates. Poor countries and countries with large populations are

often victims such as China, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and so on. While the results of the

study found that Malaysia, especially Sabah is a stopover destination for women and

children trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation while men are used as forced

labor.

Education is very important to all groups, regardless of the young or the old,

especially in this modern age. We must get out of the old notch so as not to be

outdated and be able to adapt to the environment that often changes over time.

Importantly, education because with the existence of education can prevent us from

being deceived arbitrarily by those who like to take advantage. So, it is clear that

every individual must be entitled to education in order to secure the future.

 The issue of human trafficking is not a new issue in this country. Human

trafficking is not only against the ideology of Malaysia, but also against the norms of

the international community, as well as Islamic law and Shariah principles. This

illegal activity occurs in most developed countries. Malaysia is also no exception to

this 'new millennium slavery' activity which is not much different from the form of

slavery that took place in the Arab Jahiliyah era. This phenomenon is seen to be

becoming more widespread and polemical as well as causing concern among

Malaysians themselves. In fact, this phenomenon indirectly gives the public a

negative perspective on security control at border gates by the relevant authorities.

Human trafficking involves the movement or migration of either individuals or

groups of people through illegal means for certain purposes such as forced labor

activities and sex slavery. This phenomenon is disturbing because it is a crime and

even has its own act that is used and is a reference in addressing issues that arise,

namely the Anti-Trafficking in Persons and Anti-Smuggling of Migrants Act 2007. The

existence of this act thus illustrates the need for this issue to be addressed

immediately.
 Human trafficking is a form of trade or business that involves several aspects

such as illegal human migration, illegal labor activities or contains elements of

coercion. The term is used in a narrower context by advocacy groups with reference

to human trafficking activities through methods of recruitment, transportation,

protection or recruitment of human beings for purposes such as slavery, prostitution,

forced labor and the sale of human organs. Exploitation of human trafficking includes

coercion to commit prostitution or sexual exploitation, forced labor and forms of

practices that can be characterized as a form of slavery.

DEFINITION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

The definition of the term human trafficking and smuggling of migrants in

Malaysia can be seen from the provisions contained under the Anti-Trafficking in

Persons and Anti-Smuggling of Migrants Act 2007. The section clearly explains the

meaning of the term and the elements used in committing the crime of human

trafficking and smuggling. migrants.

The Dawn Dictionary defines ‘trafficking’ as a form of trade that is illegal and

considered an immoral act. Therefore, any party involved in this crime is considered

to have committed a wrongful act not only from a legal point of view, but also from a

moral perspective that allows the offender to be punished according to the provisions

of the existing law by the government of a country.

 In addition, human trafficking is also defined as any act involving any form of

procurement or retention of the labor or services of an individual, whether through

coercive means, including the act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, protecting,

providing or receiving a person. A clear provision on the definition of human

trafficking can be seen under the Anti -Trafficking in Persons and Anti -Smuggling of

Migrants Act 2007, namely:

Section 12:

"Any person who traffics a person who is not a child, for the purpose of exploitation,

commits an offense and shall, on conviction, be punished with imprisonment for a

term not exceeding fifteen years, and may also be fined."

Section 14:

“Any person who traffics a person who is a child, for the purpose of exploitation,

commits an offense and shall, on conviction, be punished with imprisonment for a

term not less than three years but not exceeding twenty years, and may also be

fined. "

Section 15:

“Any person who profits from the exploitation of a trafficked person commits an

offense and shall, on conviction, be punished with imprisonment for a term not

exceeding fifteen years, and may also be fined not exceeding one million ringgit and

may also be forfeited the profits from the offense .”

 The United Nations Conference (No. 49/166) clarified the definition (trafficking)

as the movement by a person illegally and secretly to cross any border, whether

within or outside the country with the aim of oppressing and exploiting victims either

in the form of sexual or economic in the interests of the recruiter (agent) alone. [6]

The fact that trafficking actually occurs in Malaysia is as stated in the Trafficking

and Smuggling Act. Among other aspects mentioned in the interview with the Deputy

Director of Immigration Malaysia Tuan Zainal it is the fact in their lives that is a trade

game. Originally they came to Malaysia fully documented and had good intentions to

find a source of livelihood in Malaysia which they were promised by individuals or

better known as Tekong to get a good job such as a restaurant and mostly factory

work. But unfortunately it is just a bait for trade activities by irresponsible parties.

They were forced, abused and finally had to do bad work which eventually became

forced to do it without denying it. It is also known as ATIP which is anti -trafficking in

persons.

FACTORS AND CAUSES OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

In this era of globalization, which is laden with various external and virtual

challenges, there is a problem that is increasingly worrying the world community,

namely the crime of human trafficking. This growing issue often involves women and

children. However, the recent revelation by the Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM)

shows that teenagers are also victims of human trafficking. This is really worrying

because the situation can cause other negative symptoms to become serious. For

example, victims of human trafficking are often made into prostitutes, forced
labourers, sex slaves and beggars. In fact, according to the PDRM Criminal

Investigation Department, a total of twenty -seven human trafficking syndicates that

are active in Malaysia were successfully defeated during the first six months of this

year. The crackdown on these syndicates has saved hundreds of individuals who fell

victim to them. This situation clearly shows that the crime of human trafficking is

indeed getting more serious and needs to be addressed immediately. The fact is, the

crime of human trafficking can only be overcome if we understand the factors behind

the occurrence of the crime.

First of all, the existence of corruption and elements of corruption among

government officials make this crime difficult to deal with. Human trafficking

syndicates often take advantage of the existence of easily corrupt government

officials to facilitate the implementation of their modus operandi. For example,

immigration officers guarding the country’s borders can be easily bypassed by

human trafficking syndicate agents along with their victims simply by handing them a

few pieces of fifty-ringgit banknotes. The situation is now getting more murky when

government officials themselves act to help human trafficking syndicates. For

example, they look for potential individuals to be trafficked and hand over the

innocent human beings to human trafficking agents. This is very sad because the

party that should play a role in tackling the crime of human trafficking is acting

instead like the saying goes, expect a fence, a fence to eat rice. Therefore, the crime

would be difficult to deal with if there were corrupt government officials.

 In addition, the economic gap between neighbouring countries is also a factor

in the crime of human trafficking. The people of the poor country certainly want to

improve their standard of living in any easy way. Therefore, they choose to work in

richer but understaffed neighbouring countries. However, there are certain parties

who take advantage of them by sowing sweet promises such as jobs, housing and a

better life. Unfortunately, after these individuals were taken abroad, they were sold to

other parties and made into sex slaves and forced labour.

This situation proved to occur when statistics from the PDRM Criminal

Investigation Department showed that almost all the individuals who were

successfully rescued from being victims of human trafficking syndicates came from

low-income neighbouring countries such as Myanmar, Vietnam and Laos. This

situation proves that the economic gap between regional countries is also a factor in

the existence of human trafficking crimes.

In addition, the low level of public awareness on the issue of human trafficking

also causes the crime to continue to spread. A society that behaves like a frog under

a shell is the cause that catalyses the existence of various crimes across borders.

People now often behave like enough in the bush releasing their shoots and are not

sensitive to the situation around them. For example, are there individuals today who

see disabled child beggars willing to be proactive and take them to the Department

of Social Welfare? The reluctance of society to be aware of current issues causes

such a situation to occur. It is even more worrying when the community is silent

despite knowing about the existence of human trafficking syndicates in the area

where they live. For example, the PDRM managed to arrest a man in a house with
thirty Vietnamese women who were locked in a room. Further investigation found

that the man had been involved with a human trafficking syndicate for the past five

years and had made his house a place to run the syndicate's affairs. If the

community in the housing area is proactive, the syndicate will be exposed sooner.

Unfortunately, their less sensitive attitude to the surrounding situation made it easier

for the man to run his syndicate for half a decade. This clearly shows that a society

that is silent will cause the crime of human trafficking to continue to worsen.

After being studied and observed in depth, there are several factors that

contribute to the occurrence of human trafficking issues around the world. Among

the main ones is that there is an element of corruption among government officials

which makes this issue difficult to address despite several efforts. Government

officials who are dishonest in their jobs and easily accept bribes are often exploited

by these human trafficking syndicates to carry out their activities without any

difficulty. For example, immigration officers guarding the country’s borders will

release the syndicate’s agents if accompanied by a sum of money. They will

automatically give way to this syndicate without thinking about the consequences of

the immoral act because of a drop of indigo, spoiling the milk of an orange. [11]

In addition, the criminal factor of human trafficking also occurs due to the

clearly significant economic gap between neighboring countries. People living in poor

and overpopulated countries certainly want to change their lives by working in

developed countries but lack of workers. However, there are cruel parties who have

taken advantage of those who want to change their lives by sowing sweet promises

such as providing shelter, a harmonious atmosphere and a good job but good news
from the looks. The dreams hoped for by a society determined to change their lives

were shattered when they were forced to become slaves and manual laborers. So it

has been proven that economic disparities are also one of the factors to the issue of

human trafficking.

The low level of public awareness on the issue of human trafficking also

contributes to the prevalence of this issue. The life of the people who are like frogs

under the shell is also a catalyst to this endless problem. Now, the majority of the

people no matter where they live behave like enau in the bush, letting go of their

shoots causing this issue to become more complicated day by day. Some people are

indifferent to their environment such as seeing disabled child beggars but do not take

any drastic action to report the matter to the authorities so that they can investigate

whether the child is a victim of human trafficking or not. If it has been proven that the

child is a victim pragmatic and drastic action must be taken immediately so that the

problem does not linger. The thing that happened was the opposite because the

people did not care about this issue causing this matter to continue to spread. The

caring attitude of the people can also change and reduce this problem.

Next, the most dominant factor is the very rapid growth of the Malaysian

economy which contributes to the occurrence of these criminal activities. The high

demand for labor in Malaysia by local employers because it requires the production

of cheap expenses only. Foreigners who are attracted to come to Malaysia because

they have been promised jobs and lucrative salaries. But in reality it is good news

from the looks of it when the sweet promises sprinkled by the syndicate agents are

just fabrications to persuade the victims to go to Malaysia for the purpose of

trafficking. The victims are forced to engage in illegal activities such as being

prostitutes, street beggars and so on. Thus, the rapid growth of the Malaysian

economy has made foreigners to come and work here.

In addition, the root cause of this human trafficking is due to the greed of

human attitudes that want to reap huge profits in a simple way. Most of the criminals

involved in human trafficking activities are heartless people who only think about the

lucrative rewards that they will get if they succeed in bringing in a group of victims

who will be trafficked. The agents of this syndicate were never satisfied and were not

afraid of the punishment that would be imposed if they were caught. When they

manage to cross the country's borders without being detected by the authorities, they

will continue their activities without a hitch. This is because of the benefits they get

when they successfully perform a task well without getting caught. So, it is clear that

human trafficking activities will increase day by day if these crimes are not curbed

immediately as these activities provide lucrative rewards to the syndicate agents

involved.

Among the Causes of Human Trafficking Problems are as follows :-

a) Poverty

Poverty in the country of origin makes the victims try to change their standard

of living. Among the ways they can take is by migrating to more developed countries.

At the same time there are parties that try to take advantage such as recruitment
agencies. These agencies bring migrants to other countries and force migrants into

forced labor or prostitution.

b) The rapid growth of the Malaysian economy.

The high demand for foreign labor in Malaysia by local employers is due to low

spending factors. Some foreigners are attracted to come to Malaysia because they

are promised lucrative job opportunities, but in reality they are deceived and given

jobs as slaves, prostitutes and forced labor.

c) Lack of disclosure on the crime of human trafficking

Lowly educated foreigners are easily deceived by human trafficking syndicates

because they know little about the existence of these human trafficking syndicates.

Local people are also less informed about the existence of this crime because they

also do not know that this crime has become one of the enemies of the country

which is already at an alarming level.

d) Broad boundary factor.

Malaysia is experiencing logistical and human resource problems in monitoring

the border which is so long that it facilitates human trafficking activities by the

syndicate. This factor also slows down the detection of syndicates that bring in

trafficked people.
 e) Ineffective force of law.

Strategic locations such as border gateway airports or investments are the

focus of special agents appointed by a syndicate to deal with the authorities to

continue human trafficking activities. There are some authorities entrusted with being

responsible for border guards, taking bribes from syndicates and acting one -sidedly.

THE EFFECT OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

One of the effects of human trafficking activities is to tarnish the image of the

country in the eyes of the world. Various efforts need to be made to alleviate the

problem. Human trafficking activity means all forms of exploitation whether for sexual

purposes, forced labor, slavery and even involves the transplantation of human

organs. This activity has various negative effects and various efforts need to be

made to reduce this activity.

1. Tarnish the image of the country in the eyes of the world

Malaysia's position in the list of 16 countries that have performed poorly in curbing

the issue of human trafficking has tarnished the country's image in the eyes of the

world. Shows the country is weak in administering and enforcing the law.

The country is considered a hotbed of crime.

2. Threaten national security and peace

Widespread crime threatens the safety especially of women and children who are

exploited for certain purposes including prostitution, entertainment centers and

massage parlors and so on.

Syndicates or those involved also commit other criminal activities to amass wealth.

3. Affect diplomatic relations between countries

Smuggling and human trafficking violate the rights of a country and the issues that

occur affect diplomatic relations between countries.

Issues such as abuse and even the murder of maids provoke discontent among the

countries involved

4. Increased social problems

Social problems are spreading in society such as leisure, prostitution, free sex,

drinking alcohol and so on.

The spread of infectious diseases

Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, venereal disease, hepatitis and so on are

contagious in society.

5. Security Threats

The presence of illegal immigrants who flood the country in an illegal manner leads

to various problems, especially in terms of its threat to the well -being and public

interest in the country. This is because this group is seen to be involved and lead to

activities or activities that endanger the local population with increasing crime rates

such as robbery, murder, burglary and various other crimes that must make the local
population in the country as its main target. This can be proven through statistics

released by the Ministry of Home Affairs itself, which is that 14 809 out of 37 446

prisoners in Malaysia are foreign immigrants, most of whom are Illegal Immigrants

(PATI).

6. Social Threats

Apart from the security aspect, the presence of illegal illegal immigrants is seen as a

dangerous threat from the social aspect of the country, especially from the health

point of view. This threat occurs because this group usually comes from backward

countries and less emphasis on health aspects. Therefore, the likelihood that they

did not undergo a health test before being illegally brought into the country is very

high as the process of undergoing a health test is not only time consuming, but also

involves costs that the recruiting party or the party managing the smuggling may not

want to bear. enter them into this country. This situation results in a high risk for local

people to be infected with dangerous and infectious diseases such as HIV. This can

be evidenced by government statistics announcing that as many as 30 percent of

337 thousand foreign workers were infected with HIV in 1992. In addition, the

Department of Occupational Safety and Health has revealed that 80 percent of

foreign workers in the plantation sector have been detected as HIV carriers. based

on analysis and observations conducted by the National Anti -Drug Agency (AADK).
RECOMMENDATION & SUGGESTION

The criminal factors of human trafficking are indeed difficult to overcome. However, if

the government creates a law that can impose heavier punishment on the

masterminds of human trafficking syndicates, surely the crime can be tackled. The

success of the Dangerous Drugs Act in keeping the number of drug trafficking cases

at a low level should be used as an example to create a similar mechanism to

reduce human trafficking cases. Imprisonment alone is not enough for offenders who

are willing to carry out human trafficking. Mandatory death penalty should be

imposed on them so that it can be a lesson to society. At the same time, the

government needs to establish appropriate mechanisms to zero in on corruption

cases among government officials. If corruption cases can be zeroed, of course law

enforcement will be more effective thus reducing human trafficking cases.

Next, regional leaders need to work together to reduce economic disparities.

The ASEAN community that will be created in 2015 should be disclosed because the

move is believed to be able to reduce cross-border crime when countries in

Southeast Asia establish political, economic and social cooperation. If regional

countries develop simultaneously, the need for the people of a country to work in

neighboring countries will decrease. Indirectly, this situation in turn will reduce

human trafficking.
 In addition, the community needs to be proactive and report suspicious

movements around them. They must work together and ensure that their areas of

residence are not used as human trafficking centers. For example, the Rukun

Tetangga Association must always carry out various measures to combat criminal

behavior in their residential areas. The public should not be afraid to report human

trafficking crimes to the authorities because their identities will be kept secret. So, if

Malaysians are proactive, the crime of human trafficking can be overcome easily.

Anti -Trafficking in Persons and Anti -Smuggling of Migrants Council (MAPO)

The Anti -Trafficking in Persons Council is an agency established in 2008 as

provided by Section 6 (1) of the Anti -Trafficking in Persons Act 2007 (Act 670).

Amendments to the act made in 2010 have changed the name of this agency to the

Anti -Trafficking in Persons and Anti -Smuggling of Migrants (MAPO) Council.

Membership in this ceremony consists of the government such as the Secretary

General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Secretary General of the Ministry of

Women, Family and Community Development, Secretary General of the Ministry of

Human Resources, Secretary General of the Ministry Transport, Secretary General

of the Ministry of Information, Communication and Culture, Attorney General,

Inspector General of Police and Director General of Immigration, Director General of

Customs, Director General of the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency and

Representative of the Ministry of Home Affairs State. Members of this council also

consist of non -governmental organizations (NGOs) such as a representative of the

Malaysian Human Rights Commission (SUHAKAM), a National representative

Council of Women’s Organizations (NCWO) and representatives of Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Under MAPO there are also several secretariats such

as Committees Legislation, Enforcement Committee, Protection and Rehabilitation

Committee Victims, Special Committee on Labor Trafficking and Media Committee

and Advertise. MAPO performs the following functions:

i. Formulate and oversee the implementation of a national action plan on

prevention and the eradication of human trafficking including assistance

and protection to trafficked persons.

ii. Make recommendations to the minister on all aspects of prevention and

Eradication human trafficking.

iii. Monitor immigration and emigration patterns in Malaysia for evidence of

trafficking and obtain an immediate response from the relevant

government agency or body and non -governmental organizations on the

problem of human trafficking brought to their attention.

iv. Coordinate policy formulation and monitor its implementation on issues

trafficking in persons associated with government agencies or bodies and

relevant non -governmental organizations.

v. Formulate and coordinate measures to educate and give awareness to the

public, including those who are likely trafficked, about the causes and

consequences of human trafficking.

 vi. Collaborate and coordinate with international bodies and bodies or

committees other similar regions in relation to the problem and issue of

human trafficking including assistance and protection to trafficked persons.

vii. Advise the government on human trafficking issues including

developments in international level against acts of human trafficking.

viii. Collect and aggregate check data and information as well as information

and give powers for research in relation to prevention and eradication

human trafficking.

ix. Perform such other functions as the minister may direct implementation of

this act accordingly.

Anti -Trafficking in Persons and Anti -Smuggling of Migrants Act (2007)

The Anti -Trafficking in Persons and Anti -Smuggling of Migrants Act (2007) has

been passed on 18 July 2007 (Anti -Trafficking in Persons and Anti -Smuggling of

Migrants Act, 2007) which aims to prevent and combat human trafficking. This action

including protection and support to victims of trafficking, punishment of criminals, the

establishment of an anti -trafficking council and related matters (Kartini, 2015).

However, the act was amended in 2010 and renamed as Anti -Trafficking in Persons

and Anti -Smuggling of Migrants (ATIPSOM). Amendment of the deed done aimed at

tackling the international syndicates that make up Malaysia as a transit country of

human trafficking and smuggling before bringing the victims involved to third

countries especially Australia (Norcikeyonn and Nor-Ina, 2013).

 Under ATIPSOM, human trafficking is defined as all acts that involves the

acquisition or retention of a person’s labor or services through coercion such as

recruiting, transporting, transferring, protecting, providing or receiving a person

(Section 2 ATIPSOM). The Act empowers the government to prosecute and impose

punishment other than the provision of imprisonment for up to 20 years and fine up

to RM50,000 (Wan Abdul Halim, 2015). Under this act also, the Council Anti

-Trafficking in Persons has changed its name to the Anti -Trafficking in Persons

Council and Anti -Migraine Smuggling (MAPO). MAPO is entrusted to coordinate and

implement ATIPSOM as well as formulate policy and protection programs for

combating human trafficking and migrant smuggling.

National Anti-Trafficking in Persons Action Plan (2010-2015)

As a continuation of ATIPSOM, the National Anti -Trafficking Action Plan

People (2010-2015) has been launched. The plan was launched by the former

Minister of Defense Malaysia, YB Dato ’Seri Hishammuddin Bin Tun Hussein.

National Action Plan Anti-Trafficking in Persons (2010-2015) was created is intended

as a complement to the Anti -Trafficking in Persons and Anti -Smuggling of Migrants

Act (ATIPSOM) in ensure the smooth and effective implementation of national

initiatives for the period five years i.e. starting from 2010 to 2015 (Norcikeyonn and

Nor-Ina, 2013). The launch of the National Action Plan Against Human Trafficking

2010-2015 is also directly reflects Malaysia's commitment and aspirations in

combating trafficking human. Among the objectives of this plan is to determine the

strategic direction for a period of five years, determine strategic goals that will drive

and drive national efforts to combating the crime of human trafficking as well as
defining program areas for support and ensure the effective implementation of

strategic goals (Council Anti -Trafficking in Persons, 2010). There are five guiding

principles in the plan these include government responsibility, civil society

participation, treatment of victims human trafficking based on human rights,

coordination among various agencies at the government level and with international

organizations as well as Agencies Non -Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and

the last principle is systematic assessment and resilience.

National Anti-Trafficking in Persons Action Plan (2016-2020)

The National Anti-Trafficking in Persons Action Plan (2016-2020) was launched

on 15 August 2016 by the former Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia, Datuk Seri Dr.

Ahmad Zahid | Hamidi. The National Anti-Trafficking in Persons Action Plan (2016-

2020) is important to realize the goals and aspirations of the Malaysian government

in preventing and combating the issue of human trafficking (Department of

Information Malaysia, 2017). This plan is the second phase of the 2010-2015 plan to

ensure Malaysia strives achieved Level One in the Trafficking in Persons Report

issued annually by the United States Department of State. The plan also involves the

cooperation of various ministries, departments and agencies that are fighting human

distribution. It also involves the commitment and cooperation of the machinery

involved in enforcement, legislation, protection and publicity within five years will

coming (Borneo Post Online, 16 August 2016). In addition, this plan will provide

priority to the welfare and protection of victims of human trafficking according to

recommendations as determined internationally.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, there are various factors in the occurrence of human trafficking

and various measures that can be implemented to address the crime. However, such

measures will only bear fruit if the government and the community work together

because in fact clapping one hand will not sound. Hopefully with the zero crime of

human trafficking, we can realize Vision 2020 and sit as low, stand as high as other

countries in the world.

In conclusion, human trafficking is a serious issue that is hit the world and not

just happened in Malaysia. The issue of human trafficking should not be allowed to

continue to happen in Malaysia because it will bring various effects negative in

particular inhibits the development of this country from the political, economic and

social. Therefore, the Malaysian government has taken several effective measures

to address this issue. The measures taken clearly show that the government

Malaysia has always worked diligently and proactively in combating the issue of

trafficking human beings holistically. The steps that have been taken also show that

the Malaysian government has done its best in tackling the issue of trafficking human

beings by following national policy as well as taking into account aspects of

sovereignty, security and integrity. At the same time, the measures taken by this

government will provide positive results if the surrounding community understands,

has awareness and social responsibility in helping the government address issues

human trafficking to the grassroots level.

EXAMPLE
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Arif Atan (2011, Ogos 12) Perangi modus operandi sindiket penyeludupan

manusia.Utusan Malaysia, Dilayari dari http://www.utusan.com.my/search.

Arkib (2011, Ogos 01 ). Sindiket dagang manusia untung RM5 bilion. Utusan

Malaysia. Dilayari dari http://www.utusan.com.my/search.

Global Fight Against : Woman for export 22 September 2006, New Straits Times.

Slave Trade inefficient, 22 September 2006, New Straits Times.

Do more to combat human Trafficking, 24 November 2006, The Sun.

It boils down to enforcement, 28 February 2005, The Star.