GASCalc™ 5.

0 Calculation Reference
Pressure, Volume, Temperature
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Background Information
Equations
Example Calculation
General Calculation Procedures
Notes & Considerations
Screen Description
See Also

General Calculation Procedures

To calculate the various values associated with the pressure, volume, and temperature calculation, complete the
following steps:

! Select the P,V,T menu item from the Gas Properties menu list. The Pressure, Volume, Temperature
calculation screen will be displayed.

! Select the Clear command button to set all of the values to an empty (null) value.

! Select the Base Conditions command button. The Base Conditions screen will be displayed.

! Enter an appropriate base pressure and temperature value.

! Select an appropriate method from the Atmospheric Pressure Method list.

! Select the Apply command button to save the changes and return to the current calculation screen.

! Click on the red label associated with the item to be calculated (the unknown) until the label is underlined.

! Select the desired dimensional units for all of the data items.

! Enter a value for all known data items.

! Select the Calculate command button.

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Example Calculation

Calculate the volume at 100 Psi [7 Bar] at an elevation of 0 Feet [0 Metres] and a temperature of 60 Fahrenheit [15.6
Celsius] of an initial volume of 1000 Mcf [30 Mm3] at 200 Psi [14 Bar] at a temperature of 60 Fahrenheit [15.6
Celsius] and an elevation of 0 Feet [0 Metres].

To perform the calculation, complete the following steps.

! Select the P,V,T menu item from the Gas Properties menu list. The Pressure, Volume, Temperature
calculation screen will be displayed.

! Select the Clear command button.

! Select the Base Conditions command button. The Base Conditions screen will be displayed.

! For the Pressure, enter 14.73 Psi (Abs) [1016 mBar (Abs)].

! For the Temperature, enter 60 Fahrenheit [15.6 Celsius].

! From the Use Gas Properties File list, select us standard.prp [uk standard.prp].

! From the Atmospheric Pressure Method list, select AGA.

! From the Compressibility Method list, select None.

! Select the Apply command button.

! In the Second Conditions section, click on the Volume 2 label so that it is underlined. From the Volume
2 dimensional units list, select Mcf [Mm3].

! In the First Conditions section:

! For the Pressure 1, enter 200 Psi [14 Bar].

! For the Volume 1, enter 1000 Mcf [30 Mm3].

! For the Temperature 1, enter 60 Fahrenheit [15.6 Celsius].

! For the Elevation 1, enter 0 Feet [0 Metres].

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! In the Second Conditions section:

! For the Pressure 2, enter 100 Psi [7 Bar].

! For the Temperature 2, enter 60 Fahrenheit [15.6 Celsius].

! For the Elevation 2, enter 0 Feet [0 Metres].

! Select the Calculate command button.

Results - The results should be similar to the following:

Volume 2: 1871.6 Mcf [56 Mm3]

Volume At Base Conditions: 14577.86 Mcf [443 Mm3]

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Screen Description

The various values associated with the pressure, volume, and temperature values for varying conditions may be
calculated using the Pressure, Volume, Temperature calculation screen routine. To perform a calculation, select the
P, V, T menu item from the Gas Properties menu list. The Pressure, Volume, Temperature screen will be displayed.
The features associated with the screen are described as follows.

Data Items

First Conditions -

Atmospheric Pressure 1 - A data field used to enter a specific atmospheric pressure value for the first set
of conditions. The item is only displayed and enabled when the Atmospheric Pressure Method in the Base
Conditions is set to “None - Entered Value”. If the field is displayed and enabled, enter a value by typing it
into the data field. Ensure the value is expressed in terms of the selected dimensional unit.

Elevation 1 - A data field used to enter the height above mean sea level for the first set of conditions. The
item is only displayed and enabled when the Atmospheric Pressure Method in the Base Conditions is not set
to “None” or “None - Entered Value”. If the field is displayed and enabled, enter a value by typing it into
the data field. Ensure the value is expressed in terms of the selected dimensional unit.

Pressure 1 - A data field used to enter or display the gauge pressure value for the first set of conditions. If
the value is known, enter a value by typing it into the data field. Ensure the value is expressed in terms of
the selected dimensional unit.

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Temperature 1 - A data field used to enter or display the temperature value for the first set of conditions.
If the value is known, enter a value by typing it into the data field. Ensure the value is expressed in terms of
the selected dimensional unit.

Volume 1 - A data field used to enter or display the volume value for the first set of conditions. If the value
is known, enter a value by typing it into the data field. Ensure the value is expressed in terms of the selected
dimensional unit.

Second Conditions -

Atmospheric Pressure 2 - A data field used to enter a specific atmospheric pressure value for the second set
of conditions. The item is only displayed and enabled when the Atmospheric Pressure Method in the Base
Conditions is set to “None - Entered Value”. If the field is displayed and enabled, enter a value by typing it
into the data field. Ensure the value is expressed in terms of the assigned dimensional unit.

Elevation 2 - A data field used to enter the height above mean sea level for the second set of conditions. The
item is only displayed and enabled when the Atmospheric Pressure Method in the Base Conditions is not set
to “None” or “None - Entered Value”. If the field is displayed and enabled, enter a value by typing it into
the data field. Ensure the value is expressed in terms of the assigned dimensional unit.

Pressure 2 - A data field used to enter or display the gauge pressure value for the second set of conditions.
If the value is known, enter a value by typing it into the data field. Ensure the value is expressed in terms of
the selected dimensional unit.

Temperature 2 - A data field used to enter or display the temperature value for the second set of conditions.
If the value is known, enter a value by typing it into the data field. Ensure the value is expressed in terms of
the selected dimensional unit.

Volume 2 - A data field used to enter or display the volume value for the second set of conditions. If the
value is known, enter a value by typing it into the data field. Ensure the value is expressed in terms of the
selected dimensional unit.

Calculated Items

Volume At Base Conditions - Displays the calculated volume at the set base conditions associated with the first set
of conditions (Condition 1 values).

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Command Buttons

Base Conditions - A command button used to access the Base Conditions screen. When selected, the Base
Conditions screen will be displayed. Make any desired changes to the settings, then select the Apply command button
to save and apply the changes to the current calculation screen.

Calculate - A command button used to calculate the value of the unknown (underlined) parameter.

Cancel - A command button used to close the screen without saving any changes.

Clear - A command button used to set all of the data items to blank (null) values.

Close - A command button used to close the screen and save the current data values.

Help - A command button used to display this Calculation Reference.

Notes - A command button used to display the Calculation Notes editor screen for the current calculation.

Open - A command button used to open a previously saved calculation file. When selected, the File Selection screen
will be displayed. Enter or select the desired File name, then select the Open command button.

Print - A command button used to print the contents of the calculation screen. When selected, the Print Settings
screen will be displayed. Make any desired changes to the printer settings, then select the Print command button.

Save - A command button used to save the contents of the calculation screen to a calculation file. When selected,
the File Selection screen will be displayed. Enter or select the desired File name, then select the Save command
button.

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Notes & Considerations

! The Calculation Notes editor screen allows the User to add a specific title and/or notes to the current calculation
values.

! The red colored labels indicate which items may be calculated. An underlined (selected) label identifies the item
to be calculated as unknown. Only one item at a time may be selected to be calculated, the remaining items must be
known. To identify which item to calculate, click on the label associated with the desired item until the label is
underlined.

! The volume values used and computed by this calculation represent the physical space occupied by the associated
gas composition - not to be confused with the amount of gas or the number standard volumes contained in the space.

! The dimensional units for the calculated Volume At Base Conditions value is based on the selected dimensional
units for the Volume 1 value.

! The Volume At Base Conditions value represents the “amount” of gas contained in the specified or calculated
Volume 1 at the specified Base Pressure and Temperature. The base values can be set by selecting the Base
Conditions command button.

! To specify the number of digits to display to the right of the decimal indicator, double-click in the associated data
field. The Decimal Specifications screen will be displayed. Enter or select the desired number of digits, then select
the Apply command button to save and apply any changes.

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Background Information

Because gas is a compressible fluid, the physical volume that a specific amount of gas occupies, changes with
changes in pressure, temperature, or elevation. When one of those conditions are changed, the physical volume of
the gas also changes. For example, an increase in pressure will cause the gas to be compressed further and will
decrease the physical volume compared to the initial condition. An increase in temperature will cause the gas to be
expanded and will increase the physical volume compared to the initial condition. An increase in elevation will cause
the atmospheric pressure to decrease and in turn, cause the absolute pressure applied to the gas to decrease, allowing
the gas to expand and will increase the physical volume compared to the initial condition.

When a volume is fixed, for example when a given amount of gas is contained in a tank or pipeline segment, a change
in pressure causes a change in temperature, and change in temperature causes a change in the pressure value.

In the gas industry, the use of the term “volume” can sometimes be confusing. Volume is often used to refer to a
quantity of gas, specifically to a quantity of “standard” cubic feet or cubic meters of gas. The “standard” volume is
based on the specified base pressure and temperature values. As used in the PVT calculation routine, the term
“volume” (Volume 1, Volume 2) refers to the physical space that the gas occupies, not the amount of gas contained
in the space. The Volume At Base Conditions value represents the amount of gas at standard conditions that are
contained in the specified or calculated physical volume at the first conditions. To calculate the “amount” of gas at
other conditions, use one of the routines in the Meter calculation group.

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Equations

GASCalc uses a modified form of the Ideal Gas Law to calculate pressure, volume, and temperature values as
described below.

Reference 1

Equation Variables

Unless noted otherwise, the following base units and variable definitions apply to all of the methods and equations
described in this section:

P1 = Pressure at First Conditions, Psia

P2 = Pressure at Second Conditions, Psia
T1 = Temperature at First Conditions, Rankine
T2 = Temperature at Second Conditions, Rankine
V1 = Volume at First Conditions, Cf
V2 = Volume at Second Conditions, Cf

P1 = P1_GAUGE + P1_ATM
P1_ATM = Atmospheric Pressure at First Conditions, Psia
P1_GAUGE = Gauge Pressure at First Conditions, Psig

P2 = P2_GAUGE + P2_ATM
P2_ATM = Atmospheric Pressure at Second Conditions, Psia
P2_GAUGE = Gauge Pressure at Second Conditions, Psig

References

1. Industrial Press, Gas Engineers Handbook, 1965.

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See Also

Atmospheric Pressure Calculation Reference

Base Conditions Help Reference
Standard Volume Calculation Reference

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