LABORATORY SAFETY

AND PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
Table of Contents

01 02
Introduction Safety Rules

03 04
Personal Protective
Electrical Injuries
Equipment
(PPE)
01
Introduction
Accidents are INEVITABLE.
A thorough safety program is a MUST
for anyone working with electricity. As
it can be dangerous and even fatal
with those who do not understand and
practice the simple rules of SAFETY.
 02
Safety Rules
 “THINK FIRST”
There are generally three kinds
of accidents, which appear all
too frequently among electrical
students and technicians.
Those are unsafe equipment or
installation, unsafe
environment, and unsafe work
practices.
 SAFETY
It is simply a matter of applying common
sense precautions. The rules of safety are
concerned with the prevention of accidental
injury. The general rules of shop safety apply
equally to the electrical-electronics
laboratory.
 Don't clown around or Get your teacher's approval
engage in horseplay. before starting your work.

1 2
Report all injuries at once; Wear safety glasses.
even the slightest.
4
3
Keep the floors around
your work area clean and
free of litter.
5
 Observe the proper methods
Use tools correctly.
of handling and lifting objects.
6 7

Do not talk or distract a Never leave a machine while it is

fellow student. running or running down.

8 9
Obtain permission before
you use power tools.
10
Think - Plan
Ahead
1. Be careful of surprise electric shocks.

2. Practice a precautions used by experienced

engineers.

3. Ask your Teacher to Check your wiring

circuit before applying power.

4. Make a habit to short out electrolytic.

5. Know the location of fire extinguisher.

6. Give some time to for components to cool
of before you attempt to remove them.

7. Do not work around electrical equipment of

floors are damp or wet.

8. Do not work on electric circuit if power is

on.

9. Be sure equipment are in proper working

order before use.
10. Ask for instruction before using any item
of test equipment for the first time, even if
you know how to use it.

11. Electricity - electronics is a tremendous

field and most of us do well to understand
small segments of it. Ask questions when in
doubt. BE HUMBLE!
03
Electrical
Injuries
Four Main Types of Electrical Injuries
Direct Indirect
Electrocution (fatal) Falls
E.g. E.g.
direct contact with a live wire caused by a startled reaction
and muscle contractions
Electric Shock
E.g.
when the electricity jumps and
grounds a person while turning on
an electric switch

Burns
E.g.
from thermal burns, flame burns
and high voltage contact burns
 Dangers of Electric Shock
Shock severity
depends on: Low voltage does not
➢ path of current through mean low hazard:
the body,
➢ amount of current flowing ➢ above 10mA = paralyze or
through the body, and “freeze” muscles.
➢ duration of the shock ➢ 75mA = painful & severe
current through the body. shock and may cause death.
➢ more than 75mA = rapid,
ineffective heartbeat and
death unless a defibrillator is
used.
 Resistance

Ω
Electrical resistance of The usual skin contact Dry skin = very high Whatever protection
the human body resistance is between resistance, is offered, the skin
varies with the 1000 and 100,000 Ω, resistance decreases
amount of moisture depending on Wet skin = low rapidly with increase
on the skin, pressure different factors, resistance. in voltage. Higher
applied to the contact thus skin provides voltages have the
point, and the contact most of the body's capability of "breaking
area. protection from down" the outer
electric current. layers of the skin.
 Typical electric current pathways that stop
normal pumping of the heart

Path Through Body

❖ A small current that passes from one
extremity through the heart to the
other extremity can cause severe
injury, stopping the pumping of the
heart or electrocution.
Current flows through the
body from the entrance
point,

❖ Cases when an arm or leg was almost burned

off is when the extremity came in contact with
until finally the electrical current but only flowed through a
exiting where portion of the limb before it went out into the
the body is
closest to the other conductor. Had the current gone through
ground. the trunk of the body, the person would have
been electrocuted.
 Duration of Shock
The duration of the shock has a great bearing on the outcome:

- it may only be a painful experience

Short Duration
for the person,

Approximate ventricular - a shock duration of a few seconds could

fibrillation threshold of 100 mA be fatal, and

High Currents - causes death. However, if the shock is of short duration

and if the heart has not been damaged, interruption of the
current may be followed by a spontaneous resumption of
its normal rhythmic contractions.
 Burns
❖ The most common shock-related
injury that occurs when you touch
improperly used or maintained A very serious injury like arc flash
electrical wiring or equipment. burns caused by electric arcs needs
immediate medical attention. Severity
of the shock depends on the voltage,
amperage and resistance.

❖ Heat as high as 4000 degrees Celsius

is hot enough to vaporize metal, ignite
a victim’s clothing and cause 3rd and
4th degree burns.
 04
Personal
Protective
Equipment (PPE)
Personal Protective
Equipment
❖ The use of PPE is very
essential for the students and
technicians when they are
inside the workplace.

❖ PPE is all clothing and

equipment designed to keep
hazards that can't be eliminated
from coming in contact with you
or to minimize the impact when
the hazard is encountered.
1. Eye and Face Protection
These are designed to prevent injury to the face
and eyes.

Eyes may be injured by:

● Small particles ● Biological agents

● Chemicals ● Radiation
● Hazardous gases ● Strong visible light
● Molten metals ● Non-visible rays
Eye protectors must meet the
following minimum
requirements:
● Provide adequate protection against the
particular hazards for which they are
designed.
● Be reasonably comfortable when worn
under the designated conditions.
● Fit snugly without interfering with the
movements or vision of the wearer.
● Be durable.
● Be capable of being disinfected and be
easily cleaned.
● Be kept clean and in good condition.
Face Protection
● Can be used to protect against
radiation, chemical or biological
splashes, and flying debris
depending on the type selected.
2. HEAD PROTECTION
This is considered as protection against impact injury. An
example of this is Safety Helmets or hard hats.
There are three classes of hard hat, based on the level of
protection they provide from electrical hazards. All hard
hats used should be labeled as conforming to an ANSI
standard

● Class G ● Class E ● Class C

(General) are (Electrical) are (Conductive)
rated for 2,200 rated for do not offer
volts or less. 20,000 volts or electrical
less. protection.
3. Hand and Arm
Protection

Hand and arm protection are required

when workers’ hands are exposed to
hazards such as harmful substances .
 Types of Protective Gloves
Metal mesh, Provide protection against
leather or canvas cuts, burns and sustained
heat.
gloves

Fabric and coated Provide varying degrees of

protection.
Fabric Gloves

Chemical and Reduces risk of exposure to

Liquid resistant blood and other potentially
infectious substances.
gloves
4. FOOT AND LEG
PROTECTION. Safety shoes/boots

These are used to protect one's

foot and leg from any injury while
at work or during movement.

Metatarsal guard
Toe guards Foot and shin guard

Leggings
Specifically, here are some situations or
hazards where you want to make sure
they are protected:

➢ They are working around electrical or fire hazards.

➢ Employees or working on slippery, oily, hot, or wet
surfaces.
➢ They will be exposed to molten metal that is at risk of
splashing their legs and feet.
➢ There are sharp objects nearby that might harm them,
such as spikes or nails that would go through regular
shoes.
➢ Large and heavy tools or equipment could potentially roll
over their feet.
 Conductive Shoes Electrical Hazard Safety Shoes

These equalize the electrical potential Safety Shoes that are non-conductive
between personnel and the ground. It should and protect against open circuits of 600
only be worn for specific task(s) they are volts or less under dry conditions. The
designed for and should be removed at task insulating qualities may be compromised
completion and not used as general purpose if the shoes are wet, the rubber sole is
footwear. Personnel must avoid wearing 100 worn out, or metal particles are
percent silk, wool, or nylon hose of socks with embedded in the sole or heel.
conductive hose because these materials are
static producers. Likewise, foot powders must
be avoided because they are insulators and
interfere with electrical conductivity.
5. Body or Skin Protection
These are used to protect our body/skin from
different injuries or hazards such as :
● weather extremes
● impacts from tools or machinery
● chemicals
● hot splashes from liquids or molten
metals
● infectious materials
 Body Protection include
01 Treated Wool or Cotton adapts well to changing temperatures.

02 Paper like Fiber Suits used for splashes, dust.

03 Leather Helps withstand dry heat and flames.

prevents cuts and bruises when

04 Duck
handling rough, heavy or sharp
materials

Rubber,Rubberized
05 Fabrics, Neoprene
Works against chemical and physical
hazards.
and Plastics
6. Ear or hearing protection
It is used to lessen noise reaching the wearer’s
ear, And to reduce the risk of hearing damage
from excessive noise.

Custom molded Ear plugs with noise

ear plugs attenuation for musicians
Ear Muffs Semi insert / Canal
Caps

Custom molded
ear plugs with noise
Foam Ear Plugs
attenuation for
musicians
7. Respiratory
Protection
It is used to protect the worker or
researcher against the inhalation of
hazardous substances in the
workplace with air.
 Examples

Respirators Filtering
are used to protect workers from
Respirators
significant hazards including pass incoming air through some type
insufficient oxygen and harmful of filtering system to remove or
pollutants. reduce the concentration of a
contaminant.
 REMEMBER
It is better to be careful 100 times than
to get killed once.
Thank You!