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Actividad de aprendizaje 1
Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

PRESENTADA PARA

MARIA CAMILA MEJIA MORENO

INSTRUCTORA

PRESENTADA POR:

MARIA DE LOS ANGELES SUAREZ RUEDA

APRENDIZ

2021
 Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos
a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de
cada texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación
en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or

structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax
liability, and other important considerations. Each form of business
organization has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the
entrepreneur has to select the one that best fulfills the goals of the
entrepreneur and the business. Selection of an appropriate business
organization is a task that requires accounting and legal expertise and
should be done with the advice of a competent attorney or accountant.

Ownership structure

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole
proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.

Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No

separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business who has
total control over all export-import operations and who can make decisions
without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole proprietorships
are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an export-

import business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and
requires little or no government approval. At the state level, registration of
the business name is required, while at the federal level, sole proprietors
need to keep accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss
statement for the business when filing individual tax returns (Schedule C,
Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar
year and can use the cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The

owner makes all operational and management decisions concerning the
business. The owner can remove money or other assets of the business
without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer or
terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations

versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate

lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import
business can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from other
sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt
retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally liable
for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought
to protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance protection is not
sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or debts, judgment
creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another
disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal
funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals
have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the
owner may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the
death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-import

business? If not, how many people have an ownership interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for the
business concern and individual entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and subject
to a low degree of government regulation?
  How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and
objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba

su respectivo significado en inglés.
VOCABULARY MEANING
a condition giving a greater chance of
advantage
success
a condition or situation that causes
problem, especiallly one that causes
disadvantage something or someone tu be less
successful than other thing or people
propertyrightsin in the right, the
domain or property, is the direct and
immediate power overa an object or
proprietorships good, by which is attributed to its
owner the ability to dispose of it,
without further limitations than those
imposed by law
the activity of buying and selling
business
goods and service
person legally authorized to advise
Attorney and defend the rights and interests of
another person in legal matters
the individual who is trained in the
practice of this technique and who
accounting. has the role of initiating with his
signatura the financial statements of
the company before the treasury
the fact that you no longer have
loss: something or have less of something
skill an ability to do an activity or job well,
especiallly because you have
practised it.
Safe a contract that allows you to cover a
contigency by paying a premium (the
insured) to the insurance or
 reinsurance company
it applies to oner or several things of
Sole which or of whose specie there are
no others.
it is the tribute, levy or the amountof
money that is paid to the state, the
Tax
autonomous community and/ or the
city council tax
refers to planning, organizing,
directing and controlling all the
Manage resources belonging to an
organization, in order to achieve the
proposed objective.
it is called the discipline in charge of
the systematization, análisis,
interpretation and presentation,
through accounting statements, of the
accounting financial information of a company or
organization, whether public or
provate, to study, measure, as well as
to determne its economic situation
and financial
Gain increase in wealth that occurs from a
transation or operation of an
economic nature
Judgment the ability to form valuable opinions
and make good decisions
3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al
interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el
material complementario “Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo se
puede encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

Answers/

Due to so many unlimited responsibilities, the owner must choose good insurance to
avoid financial and personal ruin.

Another main idea is that the sole proprietorship is operated by a single individual

the advantage is that you can establish your export as property the procedures are
cheap and require almost no absolute approval
 the owner for less tax and has full control of finances and other assets

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas

principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga
transcripción literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a
presente progresivo, también en inglés.

Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense

It Is important ti choose the ringt form it is being important to choose the
or business Organization right form of business organization
sole proprietorships a company that Is about sole proprietorships a company
owned and operated bu one persons that Is owned and operated bu one
persons
The individual companies are The individual companying are
guvernamental guvernamental
As a sole proprietor you pay less As a sole proprietor you paying less
taxes taxes
The sole proprietors are simple and The sole proprietors are simple and
lows un consts lows un constsing
the director controls all export and the director controlling all export and
important operations important operations
how to carries out a business how to carriesing out a business

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

It is important to choose the right form of business organization. In the

followingsection ou can read about the sole proprietorships: in this case, a
company that isowned and operated by one person. One advantage is, that it is
easy to maintainand organize because the registration procedures are cheap
and require almost nogovernmental approval at all. The owner has total control
over the finance andother assets. Compared to other forms it is lowly regulated
by goverment. As sole proprietor you pay less taxes. Because of the unlkmited
 lability it isrecommended to choose a good insurance to avoid personal financial
ruin.

Nota: para el desarrollo de esta evidencia se debe tener en cuenta el material de

formación “Using simple present and progressive to export” y el material
complementario asociado a esta actividad de aprendizaje.

Desarrolle esta evidencia con la herramienta ofimática de su preferencia y envíe el

archivo al instructor a través de la plataforma virtual de aprendizaje en formato
.doc o .pdf.

Pasos para enviar la evidencia:

1. Clic en el título de la evidencia.

2. Clic en Examinar mi equipo y buscar el archivo previamente guardado.
3. Dejar un comentario al instructor (opcional).
4. Clic en Enviar.

Nota: esta evidencia es de carácter individual. Recuerde revisar la guía de

aprendizaje con el fin de verificar que ha realizado todas las actividades
propuestas, saber cómo desarrollarlas y entregarlas correctamente.
 Criterios de evaluación
Realiza resúmenes de la información relevante y detallada de un texto técnico en
inglés.