Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 58 views

    The T Score.: T Test (Student's T-Test) : Definition and Examples

    Uploaded by

    Sana Ijaz
    The t test, also called the Student's t-test, compares the averages (means) of two groups to determine if they are statistically different from one another. It calculates a t-score, which indicates how large the difference is between the group means relative to the variation within each group. A larger t-score means a greater difference between groups, while a smaller t-score indicates more similarity. The t-test also provides a p-value, which is the probability that any observed difference between groups is due to chance. A low p-value, typically below 0.05, suggests the difference in means is unlikely to be random. There are three main types of t-tests: independent samples compares two unrelated groups

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    The T Score.: T Test (Student's T-Test) : Definition and Examples

    Uploaded by

    Sana Ijaz
    58 views2 pages
    The t test, also called the Student's t-test, compares the averages (means) of two groups to determine if they are statistically different from one another. It calculates a t-score, which indicates how large the difference is between the group means relative to the variation within each group. A larger t-score means a greater difference between groups, while a smaller t-score indicates more similarity. The t-test also provides a p-value, which is the probability that any observed difference between groups is due to chance. A low p-value, typically below 0.05, suggests the difference in means is unlikely to be random. There are three main types of t-tests: independent samples compares two unrelated groups

    Original Description:

    Statistics tests

    Original Title

    T Test (1)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The t test, also called the Student's t-test, compares the averages (means) of two groups to determine if they are statistically different from one another. It calculates a t-score, which indicates how large the difference is between the group means relative to the variation within each group. A larger t-score means a greater difference between groups, while a smaller t-score indicates more similarity. The t-test also provides a p-value, which is the probability that any observed difference between groups is due to chance. A low p-value, typically below 0.05, suggests the difference in means is unlikely to be random. There are three main types of t-tests: independent samples compares two unrelated groups

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    58 views2 pages

    The T Score.: T Test (Student's T-Test) : Definition and Examples

    Uploaded by

    Sana Ijaz
    The t test, also called the Student's t-test, compares the averages (means) of two groups to determine if they are statistically different from one another. It calculates a t-score, which indicates how large the difference is between the group means relative to the variation within each group. A larger t-score means a greater difference between groups, while a smaller t-score indicates more similarity. The t-test also provides a p-value, which is the probability that any observed difference between groups is due to chance. A low p-value, typically below 0.05, suggests the difference in means is unlikely to be random. There are three main types of t-tests: independent samples compares two unrelated groups

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 2

    T Test (Student’s T-Test): Definition and Examples

    The t test (also called Student’s T Test) compares two averages (means) and tells you if they are
    different from each other. The t test also tells you how significant the differences are; In other
    words it lets you know if those differences could have happened by chance.
    A very simple example: Let’s say you have a cold and you try a naturopathic remedy. Your cold
    lasts a couple of days. The next time you have a cold, you buy an over-the-counter
    pharmaceutical and the cold lasts a week. You survey your friends and they all tell you that their
    colds were of a shorter duration (an average of 3 days) when they took the homeopathic remedy.
    What you really want to know is, are these results repeatable? A t test can tell you by comparing
    the means of the two groups and letting you know the probability of those results happening by
    chance.
    Another example: Student’s T-tests can be used in real life to compare means. For example, a
    drug company may want to test a new cancer drug to find out if it improves life expectancy. In
    an experiment, there’s always a control group (a group who are given a placebo, or “sugar pill”).
    The control group may show an average life expectancy of +5 years, while the group taking the
    new drug might have a life expectancy of +6 years. It would seem that the drug might work. But
    it could be due to a fluke. To test this, researchers would use a Student’s t-test to find out if the
    results are repeatable for an entire population.

    The T Score.
    The t score is a ratio between the difference between two groups and the difference within the
    groups. The larger the t score, the more difference there is between groups. The smaller the t
    score, the more similarity there is between groups. A t score of 3 means that the groups are three
    times as different from each other as they are within each other. When you run a t test, the bigger
    the t-value, the more likely it is that the results are repeatable.
     A large t-score tells you that the groups are different.
     A small t-score tells you that the groups are similar.
    T-Values and P-values
    How big is “big enough”? Every t-value has a p-value to go with it. A p-value is
    the probability that the results from your sample data occurred by chance. P-values are from 0%
    to 100%. They are usually written as a decimal. For example, a p value of 5% is 0.05. Low p-
    values are good; They indicate your data did not occur by chance. For example, a p-value of .01
    means there is only a 1% probability that the results from an experiment happened by chance. In
    most cases, a p-value of 0.05 (5%) is accepted to mean the data is valid.

    Calculating the Statistic / Test Types


    There are three main types of t-test:
     An Independent Samples t-test compares the means for two groups.
     A Paired sample t-test compares means from the same group at different times (say, one
    year apart).
     A One sample t-test tests the mean of a single group against a known mean.
    You probably don’t want to calculate the test by hand (the math can get very messy, but if you
    insist you can find the steps for an independent samples t test here.

    What is a Paired T Test (Paired Samples T Test /


    Dependent Samples T Test)?
    A paired t test (also called a correlated pairs t-test, a paired samples t test or dependent
    samples t test) is where you run a t test on dependent samples. Dependent samples are
    essentially connected — they are tests on the same person or thing. For example:
     Knee MRI costs at two different hospitals,
     Two tests on the same person before and after training,
     Two blood pressure measurements on the same person using different equipment.

    When to Choose a Paired T Test / Paired


    Samples T Test / Dependent Samples T Test
    Choose the paired t-test if you have two measurements on the same item, person or thing. You
    should also choose this test if you have two items that are being measured with a unique
    condition. For example, you might be measuring car safety performance in Vehicle Research and
    Testing and subject the cars to a series of crash tests. Although the manufacturers are different,
    you might be subjecting them to the same conditions.
    With a “regular” two sample t test, you’re comparing the means for two different samples. For
    example, you might test two different groups of customer service associates on a business-related
    test or testing students from two universities on their English skills. If you take a random
    sample each group separately and they have different conditions, your samples are independent
    and you should run an independent samples t test (also called between-samples and unpaired-
    samples).
    The null hypothesis for the for the independent samples t-test is μ1 = μ2. In other words, it
    assumes the means are equal. With the paired t test, the null hypothesis is that the pairwise
    difference between the two tests is equal (H0: µd = 0). The difference between the two tests is
    very subtle; which one you choose is based on your data collection method.

    You might also like