LANGUAGEOFMATHEMATI CS Comprehendingamessagei sbetterunder stoodonceaper sonunderstandhowt hings ar esaidmayknowwhyi ti ssai d.Theuseofl anguageinmathemati csi sfarf rom or dinaryspeech.Itcanbelearnedbutneedsal otofef for tsli kelear ninganewdi alector l anguage.Thef oll owingar et hechar act eri sti csoft hel anguageofmat hemati cs: PRECISE,CONCI SE,andPOWERFUL. EXPRESSI ONSVERSUSSENTENCES Youlear nedinyourEngl ishsubj ectthatexpressionsdonotstat eacompletethought, butsent encesdo.Mathemati calsentencesstateacompl et ethought .Ontheotherhand, mathemati calexpr essi onsdonot .Youcannott esti fist rueorfal se. Mat hemat ical Expr essi on Mat hemat ical Sent ence 26. 15 −11+ 7=4 5+2 1−4=−3
x+ 2 1∙x=x
CONVENTI ONSI NTHEMATHEMATI CSLANGUAGE Thecommonsy mbolusedformulti pli cat ionis×butitcanbemistakenl ytakenas var iabl ex.Thereareinst anceswhent hecent ereddot( ∙ )isashort handtobeusedf or multi pli cat ionespeci all ywhenv ar iabl esareinvol ved.Ift herewil lbenoconfusion, the symbolmaybedr opped. 8∙ y=8y a∙b∙c=abc t∙s∙9=9st
I tisconvent ionalt owri tet henumberfi rstbef orethel ett ers.I fincaset hel ett ersar e morethanone,youhav etoar ranget helett ersal phabet ical ly. Setsareusual l yr epr esentedbyuppercaselett erli keS.Thesy mbol.Alowercaselet ter neartheendofthealphabetl ikex,yorzrepresentsanelementofthesetofreal numbers.Alowercaselet terneart hemi ddl eoft healphabetpar ti cular lyfr om itonmay repr esentanelementofthesetofint egers. BI NARYOPERATI ONS Aunaryoperat ioni sforasingl enumberandassi gnsanothernumbertoit.Addi ti on(+) , subt ract ion(-),mul ti pli cat ion(x),di visi on(÷ )areexampl esofbinar yoperati ons.The word“bi nary”meanscomposit ionoftwopieces.Abinar yoper at ionref erstojoi ningtwo val uestocreat eanewone. Studyt hefol l owi ngproper ti esofaddi ti onandmul ti pli cat ion, asbi nar yoper ati onsont he setofr eal number s. .CLOSUREPROPERTY I ADDI TION:Thesum ofanyt wor eal number sisal soar eal number Exampl e:12+ 34=46 MULTI PLI CATI ON: Thepr oductofanyt wor eal number sisal soar eal number . Exampl e:7×20=140
I I.COMMUTATI VEPROPERTY ADDI TION: Foranyt wor eal number sxandy,x+ y=y+ x. Exampl e:1. 5+ 7.8=7. 8+ 1. 5 9. 3= 9. 3 MULTI PLI CATI ON: Thepr oductofanyt wor eal number sisal soar eal number . Exampl e:8×5=5×8 40=40 I I.ASSOCI I ATI VEPROPERTY ADDI TION: Foranyt wor eal number sx, yandz,x+ ( y+z)=( x+y )+ z Exampl e:3+ (10+ 9)=( 3+ 10)+ 9 3+ 19=13+ 9 22=22 MULTI PLI CATI ON: Foranyt wor eal number sx, yandz x∙( y∙z)=( x∙y)∙ z. Exampl e:3∙(9∙6)=( 3∙9)∙6 3∙ 54=27∙ 6 162=162
V.I I DENTI TYPROPERTY ADDI TION: Foranyr eal number sx,s+0=x.Thenumber“ 0”i scal l edt headdi ti ve i dent it y. Exampl e:78+ 0=78 MULTI PLICATI ON:Foranyr eal numberx,x∙ 1=1.Thenumber“ 1”i scal l edt he mul ti pli cat ivei dent it y. Exampl e:98∙1=98
.I VI NVERSEOFBI NARYOPERATI ONS ADDI TION: Foranyr eal numberx,x+ ( −x)=0. Exampl e:100+( −100)=0 1 MULTI PLI CATI ON: Foranyr eal numberx,x∙ =1 x 1 Exampl e:98∙ =1 98
