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BÀI MẪU
WRITING TASK 1
IELTS SIMON
Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER
Web: ielts-simon.com WEB: http://etrain.edu.vn/

1.1. Tips for Line graph
Line graphs always show changes over time. Here's some advice about how to describe
them:
· Try to write 4 paragraphs - introduction, summary of main points, 2 detail

paragraphs.
· For your summary paragraph, look at the "big picture" - what changes
happened to all of the lines from the beginning to the end of the period
shown (i.e. from the first year to the last). Is there a trend that all of the lines
follow (e.g. an overall increase)?
· You don't need to give numbers in your summary paragraph. Numbers are
specific details. Just mention general things like 'overall change', 'highest' and
'lowest', without giving specific figures.
· Never describe each line separately. The examiner wants to see comparisons.
· If the graph shows years, you won't have time to mention all of them. The
key years to describe are the first year and the last year. You should also
mention any 'special' years (e.g. a peak or a significant rise/fall).
· Start describing details (paragraph 3) with a comparison of the lines for the
first year shown on the graph (e.g. in 1990, the number of...).
· Use the past simple (increased, fell) for past years, and 'will' or 'is
expected/predicted to' for future years.
· Don't use the passive (e.g. the number was increased), continuous (e.g. the
number was increasing), or perfect tenses (e.g. the number has increased).

1. Internet Users as percentage of population
The line graph compares the percentage of people in three countries who used the
Internet between 1999 and 2009.
It is clear that the proportion of the population who used the Internet increased
in each country over the period shown. Overall, a much larger percentage of
Canadians and Americans had access to the Internet in comparison with Mexicans,
and Canada experienced the fastest growth in Internet usage.
In 1999, the proportion of people using the Internet in the USA was about 20%.
The figures for Canada and Mexico were lower, at about 10% and 5%
respectively. In 2005, Internet usage in both the USA and Canada rose to around
70% of the population, while the figure for Mexico reached just over 25%.
By 2009, the percentage of Internet users was highest in Canada. Almost 100% of
Canadians used the Internet, compared to about 80% of Americans and only 40% of
Mexicans.

2. International migration in UK
The chart gives information about UK immigration, emigration and net migration
between 1999 and 2008.
Both immigration and emigration rates rose over the period shown, but the
figures for immigration were significantly higher. Net migration peaked in 2004 and
2007.
In 1999, over 450,000 people came to live in the UK, while the number of
people who emigrated stood at just under 300,000. The figure for net migration
was around 160,000, and it remained at a similar level until 2003. From 1999 to
2004, the immigration rate rose by nearly 150,000 people, but there was a much
smaller rise in emigration. Net migration peaked at almost 250,000 people in 2004.
After 2004, the rate of immigration remained high, but the number of people
emigrating fluctuated. Emigration fell suddenly in 2007, before peaking at about
420,000 people in 2008. As a result, the net migration figure rose to around
240,000 in 2007, but fell back to around 160,000 in 2008.
(159)

UK acid rain emission: The graph below shows UK acid rain emissions, measured in
millions of tones, from four different sectors between 1990 and 2007\
The line graph compares four sectors in ______ of the amount of acid rain
emissions that they produced over a period of 17 years in the UK.
It is clear that the total amount of acid rain emissions in the UK ______ ______
between 1990 and 2007. The most ______ decrease was seen in the electricity, gas
and water supply sector.
In 1990, around 3.3 million tones of acid rain emissions came from the
electricity, gas and water sector. The transport and communication sector was
______ for about 0.7 million tones of emissions, while the domestic sector ______
around 0.6 million tones. Just over 2 million tones of acid rain gases came from
other industries.
Emissions from electricity, gas and water supply fell dramatically to only 0.5
million tones in 2007, a ______ of almost 3 million tones. While acid rain gases
from the domestic sector and other industries fell gradually, the transport sector
______ a small increase in emissions, ______ a peak of 1 million tones in 2005.
produced, reaching fell, responsible, saw, considerably, terms, drop, dramatic

The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide
and water consumption in two different countries.
The charts compare the amount of water used for agriculture, industry and homes
around the world, and water use in Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
It is clear that global water needs rose significantly between 1900 and 2000,
and that agriculture accounted for the largest proportion of water used. We can
also see that water consumption was considerably higher in Brazil than in the
Congo.
In 1900, around 500km³ of water was used by the agriculture sector worldwide.
The figures for industrial and domestic water consumption stood at around one
fifth of that amount. By 2000, global water use for agriculture had increased to
around 3000km³, industrial water use had risen to just under half that
amount, and domestic consumption had reached approximately 500km³.
In the year 2000, the populations of Brazil and the Congo were 176 million and
5.2 million respectively. Water consumption per person in Brazil, at 359m³, was
much higher than that in the Congo, at only 8m³, and this could be explained by
the fact that Brazil had 265 times more irrigated land.

The graph below shows changes in young adult unemployment rates in England between
1993 and 2012.
The line graph compares levels of unemployment among 16 to 24-year-olds with overall
unemployment figures over a period of 20 years in England.
It is clear that the proportion of young adults who were unemployed at any time between
1993 and 2012 was significantly higher than the overall proportion of adults without work.
Unemployment rates for both groups of adults were consistently higher in London than in the
rest of England.
In 1993, around 18% of English 16 to 24-year-olds living _outside____ London were

unemployed, but the figure for those living in the capital was 5% higher, at 22%. Similarly,
the overall adult unemployment rate in London, at 14%, was 4% higher than the rate in the
rest of England. While levels of joblessness fell significantly over the ___following__ 10
years, the trend for higher levels in London and among young adults __continued___.
Young adult unemployment in England rose __steadily___ between 2002 and 2012, from
12% to 21% outside London, and from around 15% to a __peak___ of 25% in the capital. By
contrast, the proportions of all adults without work ___were__ below 10%, both in London
and in the rest of the country.

The graph below shows trends in US meat and poultry consumption.
The line graph shows changes in the per capita consumption of beef, pork, broilers and
turkey in the United States between 1955 and 2012.
It is noticeable that beef was by far the most popular of the four types of meat for the
majority of the 57-year period. However, a considerable rise can be seen in the consumption
of broilers, with figures eventually surpassing those for beef.
Between 1955 and 1976, US beef consumption rose from around 60 to a peak of 90 pounds
per person per year. During the same period, consumption of broilers also rose, to nearly 30
pounds per person, while the figures for pork fluctuated between 50 and 40 pounds per
person. Turkey was by far the least popular meat, with figures below 10 pounds per capita
each year.
By 2012, the amount of beef consumed by the average American had plummeted to around
50 pounds, but the consumption of broilers had doubled since the 1970s, to approximately 55
pounds per capita. By contrast, there were no significant changes in the trends for pork and
turkey consumption over the period as a whole.

The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940
and 2040 in three different countries.
The line graph compares the percentage of people aged 65 or more in three countries over a
period of 100 years.
It is clear that the proportion of elderly people increases in each country between 1940 and
2040. Japan is expected to see the most dramatic changes in its elderly population.
In 1940, around 9% of Americans were aged 65 or over, compared to about 7% of Swedish

people and 5% of Japanese people. The proportions of elderly people in the USA and
Sweden rose gradually over the next 50 years, reaching just under 15% in 1990. By contrast,
the figures for Japan remained below 5% until the early 2000s.
Looking into the future, a sudden increase in the percentage of elderly people is predicted for
Japan, with a jump of over 15% in just 10 years from 2030 to 2040. By 2040, it is thought
that around 27% of the Japanese population will be 65 years old or more, while the figures
for Sweden and the USA will be slightly lower, at about 25% and 23% respectively.
(178 words, band 9)


Some paraphrasing that you could use in your introduction:
- annual expenditures = yearly spending
- cell phone services = mobile phones
- residential services = landline phones
Two possible main points for your overview / summary:

- compare the two trends over the whole period
- say what happened in 2006
Select key details:

- compare the figures for 2001
- describe the changes in expenditure over the following 5 years
- give the figures for 2006 (where the two lines meet)
- finish with a comparison of spending in 2010
The line graph compares average yearly spending by Americans on mobile and landline
phone services from 2001 to 2010.

It is clear that spending on landline phones fell steadily over the 10-year period, while mobile
phone expenditure rose quickly. The year 2006 marks the point at which expenditure on
mobile services overtook that for residential phone services.
In 2001, US consumers spent an average of nearly $700 on residential phone services,

compared to only around $200 on cell phone services. Over the following five years, average
yearly spending on landlines dropped by nearly $200. By contrast, expenditure on mobiles
rose by approximately $300.
In the year 2006, the average American paid out the same amount of money on both types of
phone service, spending just over $500 on each. By 2010, expenditure on mobile phones had
reached around $750, while the figure for spending on residential services had fallen to just
over half this amount.
(162 words, band 9)

The graph below shows the average number of UK commuters travelling each day by car,
bus or train between 1970 and 2030.
The line graph compares figures for daily travel by workers in the UK using three different
forms of transport over a period of 60 years.
It is clear that the car is by far the most popular means of transport for UK commuters
throughout the period shown. Also, while the numbers of people who use the car and train
increase gradually, the number of bus users falls steadily.
In 1970, around 5 million UK commuters travelled by car on a daily basis, while the bus and
train were used by about 4 million and 2 million people respectively. In the year 2000, the
number of those driving to work rose to 7 million and the number of commuting rail
passengers reached 3 million. However, there was a small drop of approximately 0.5 million
in the number of bus users.
By 2030, the number of people who commute by car is expected to reach almost 9 million,
and the number of train users is also predicted to rise, to nearly 5 million. By contrast, buses
are predicted to become a less popular choice, with only 3 million daily users.

The graph below gives information about car ownership in Britain from 1971 to 2007.
The graph shows changes in the number of cars ______ household in Great Britain
______ a period of 36 years.
Overall, car ownership in Britain increased ______ 1971 and 2007. In particular,
the number of households with two cars rose, while the number of households
______ a car fell.
In 1971, ______ half of all British households did not have regular use of a car.
Around 44% of households had one car, but only about 7% had two cars. It was
uncommon for families to own three or more cars, ______ around 2% of households
falling into this category.
The one-car household was the most common type from the late 1970’s ______,
although there was little change in the ______ for this category. The biggest
change was seen in the proportion of households without a car, which fell steadily
over the 36-year period ______ around 25% in 2007. In contrast, the proportion
of two-car families rose steadily, reaching about 26% in 2007, and the proportion
of households with more than two cars rose ______ around 5%.
almost, to, figures, per, between, by, over, with, without, onwards

Marriages and divorces
The first bar chart shows changes in the number of marriages and divorces in the
USA, and the second chart shows figures for the marital status of American adults in
1970 and 2000.
It is clear that there was a fall in the number of marriages in the USA between
1970 and 2000. The majority of adult Americans were married in both years, but
the proportion of single adults was higher in 2000.
In 1970, there were 2.5 million marriages in the USA and 1 million divorces. The
marriage rate remained stable in 1980, but fell to 2 million by the year 2000. In
contrast, the divorce rate peaked in 1980, at nearly 1.5 million divorces, before
falling back to 1 million at the end of the period.
Around 70% of American adults were married in 1970, but this figure dropped to
just under 60% by 2000. At the same time, the proportion of unmarried people
and divorcees rose by about 10% in total. The proportion of widowed Americans
was slightly lower in 2000.

The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in
developing and industrialised countries in 1980 and 1990.
The three bar charts show average years of schooling, numbers of scientists and
technicians, and research and development spending in developing and developed
countries. Figures are given for 1980 and 1990.
It is clear from the charts that the figures for developed countries are much higher
than those for developing nations. Also, the charts show an overall increase in
participation in education and science from 1980 to 1990.
People in developing nations attended school for an average of around 3 years,

with only a slight increase in years of schooling from 1980 to 1990. On the other
hand, the figure for industrialised countries rose from nearly 9 years of schooling
in 1980 to nearly 11 years in 1990.
From 1980 to 1990, the number of scientists and technicians in industrialised

countries almost doubled to about 70 per 1000 people. Spending on research and
development also saw rapid growth in these countries, reaching $350 billion in
1990. By contrast, the number of science workers in developing countries
remained below 20 per 1000 people, and research spending fell from about $50
billion to only $25 billion

The bar chart compares consumer spending on six different items in Germany,
Italy, France and Britain.
It is clear that British people spent significantly more money than people in the
other three countries on all six goods. Of the six items, consumers spent
the most money on photographic film.
People in Britain spent just over £170,000 on photographic film, which is the
highest figure shown on the chart. By contrast, Germans were the lowest overall
spenders, with roughly the same figures (just under £150,000) for each of the six
products.
The figures for spending on toys were the same in both France and Italy, at nearly
£160,000. However, while French people spent more than Italians on
photographic film and CDs, Italians paid out more for personal stereos, tennis
racquets and perfumes. The amount spent by French people on tennis racquets,
around £145,000, is the lowest figure shown on the chart. (154 words)

The bar chart compares the cost of an average house in five major cities over a
period of 13 years from 1989.
We can see that house prices fell overall between 1990 and 1995, but most of the
cities saw rising prices between 1996 and 2002. London experienced by far the
greatest changes in house prices over the 13-year period.
Over the 5 years after 1989, the cost of average homes in Tokyo and London
dropped by around 7%, while New York house prices went down by 5%. By
contrast, prices rose by approximately 2% in both Madrid and Frankfurt.
Between 1996 and 2002, London house prices jumped to around 12% above
the 1989 average. Homebuyers in New York also had to pay significantly more,
with prices rising to 5% above the 1989 average, but homes in Tokyo remained
cheaper than they were in 1989. The cost of an average home in Madrid rose by
a further 2%, while prices in Frankfurt remained stable. (165)

The bar chart shows the number of hot dogs and buns eaten in 15 minutes by the winners of
‘Nathan’s Hot Dog Eating Contest’ in Brooklyn, USA between 1980 and 2010.
It is noticeable that the number of hot dogs and buns eaten by winners of the contest
increased dramatically over the period shown. The majority of winners were American or
Japanese, and only one woman had ever won the contest.
Americans dominated the contest from 1980 to 1996, and the winning number of hot dogs
and buns consumed rose from only 8 to around 21 during that time. 1983 and 1984 were
notable exceptions to the trend for American winners. In 1983 a Mexican won the contest
after eating 19.5 hot dogs, almost double the amount that any previous winner had eaten, and
1984 saw the only female winner, Birgit Felden from Germany.
A Japanese contestant, Takeru Kobayashi, reigned as hot dog eating championfor six years
from 2001 to 2006. Kobayashi’s winning totals of around 50 hot dogs were roughly double
the amount that any previous winner had managed. However, the current champion,
American Joey Chestnut, took hot dog eating to new heights in 2009 when he consumed an
incredible 68 hot dogs and buns in the allotted 15 minutes.

The bar graph shows the global sales (in billions of dollars) of different types of digital
games between 2000 and 2006.
...
The bar chart compares the turnover in dollars from sales of video games for four different
platforms, namely mobile phones, online, consoles and handheld devices, from 2000 to 2006.
It is clear that sales of games for three out of the four platforms rose each year, leading to a
significant rise in total global turnover over the 7-year period. Sales figures for handheld
games were at least twice as high as those for any other platform in almost every year.
In 2000, worldwide sales of handheld games stood at around $11 billion, while console
games earned just under $6 billion. No figures are given for mobile or online games in that
year. Over the next 3 years, sales of handheld video games rose by about $4 billion, but the
figure for consoles decreased by $2 billion. Mobile phone and online games started to
become popular, with sales reaching around $3 billion in 2003.
In 2006, sales of handheld, online and mobile games reached peaks of 17, 9 and 7
billion dollars respectively. By contrast, turnover from console games dropped to its
lowest point, at around $2.5 billion.

The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age
groups and the amount of support they received from employers.
The bar charts compare students of different ages in terms of why they are studying and
whether they are supported by an employer.
It is clear that the proportion of students who study for career purposes is far higher among
the younger age groups, while the oldest students are more likely to study for interest.
Employer support is more commonly given to younger students.
Around 80% of students aged under 26 study to further their careers, whereas only 10%
study purely out of interest. The gap between these two proportions narrows as students get
older, and the figures for those in their forties are the same, at about 40%. Students aged over
49 overwhelmingly study for interest (70%) rather than for professional reasons (less than
20%).
Just over 60% of students aged under 26 are supported by their employers. By contrast, the
30-39 age group is the most self-sufficient, with only 30% being given time off and help with
fees. The figures rise slightly for students in their forties and for those aged 50 or more.

The chart below shows numbers of incidents and injuries per 100 million passenger miles
travelled (PMT) by transportation type in 2002.
The bar chart compares the number of incidents and injuries for every 100 million passenger
miles travelled on five different types of public transport in 2002.
It is clear that the most incidents and injuries took place on demand-response vehicles. By
contrast, commuter rail services recorded by far the lowest figures.
A total of 225 incidents and 173 injuries, per 100 million passenger miles travelled, took
place on demand-response transport services. These figures were nearly three times as high
as those for the second highest category, bus services. There were 76 incidents and 66 people
were injured on buses.
Rail services experienced fewer problems. The number of incidents on light rail trains
equalled the figure recorded for buses, but there were significantly fewer injuries, at only 39.
Heavy rail services saw lower numbers of such events than light rail services, but commuter
rail passengers were even less likely to experience problems. In fact, only 20 incidents and
17 injuries occurred on commuter trains.
(165 words, band 9)


The climograph below shows average monthly temperatures and rainfall in the city of
Kolkata.
The chart compares average figures for temperature and precipitation over the course of a
calendar year in Kolkata.
It is noticeable that monthly figures for precipitation in Kolkata vary considerably, whereas
monthly temperatures remain relatively stable. Rainfall is highest from July to August, while
temperatures are highest in April and May.
Between the months of January and May, average temperatures in Kolkata rise from their
lowest point at around 20°C to a peak of just over 30°C. Average rainfall in the city also rises
over the same period, from approximately 20mm of rain in January to 100mm in May.
While temperatures stay roughly the same for the next four months, the amount of rainfall
more than doubles between May and June. Figures for precipitation remain above 250mm
from June to September, peaking at around 330mm in July. The final three months of the
year see a dramatic fall in precipitation, to a low of about 10mm in December, and a steady
drop in temperatures back to the January average.
(173 words, band 9)

The chart below shows the total number of Olympic medals won by twelve different
countries.
The bar chart compares twelve countries in terms of the overall number of medals that they
have won at the Olympic Games.
It is clear that the USA is by far the most successful Olympic medal winning nation. It is also
noticeable that the figures for gold, silver and bronze medals won by any particular country
tend to be fairly similar.
The USA has won a total of around 2,300 Olympic medals, including approximately 900
gold medals, 750 silver and 650 bronze. In second place on the all-time medals chart is the
Soviet Union, with just over 1,000 medals. Again, the number of gold medals won by this
country is slightly higher than the number of silver or bronze medals.
Only four other countries - the UK, France, Germany and Italy - have won more than 500
Olympic medals, all with similar proportions of each medal colour. Apart from the USA and
the Soviet Union, China is the only other country with a noticeably higher proportion of gold
medals (about 200) compared to silver and bronze (about 100 each).
(178 words, band 9)


The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in the UK,
divided into three categories, from 1995-2002.
The bar chart compares the amount of time spent by people in the UK on three different
types of phone call between 1995 and 2002.
It is clear that calls made via local, fixed lines were the most popular type, in terms of
overall usage, throughout the period shown. The lowest figures on the chart are for mobile
calls, but this category also saw the most dramatic increase in user minutes.
In 1995, people in the UK used fixed lines for a total of just over 70 billion minutes for local
calls, and about half of that amount of time for national or international calls. By contrast,
mobile phones were only used for around 4 billion minutes. Over the following four years,
the figures for all three types of phone call increased steadily.
By 1999, the amount of time spent on local calls using landlines had reached a peak at 90
billion minutes. Subsequently, the figure for this category fell, but the rise in the other two
types of phone call continued. In 2002, the number of minutes of national / international
landline calls passed 60 billion, while the figure for mobiles rose to around 45 billion
minutes.
(197 words, band 9)

The bar chart below shows the proportions of English men and women of different
ages who were living alone in 2011. The pie chart compares the numbers of
bedrooms in these one-person households.
...
Living alone in England by age and gender, 2011
Number of bedrooms in one-person households (England, 2011)
The two charts give information about single-occupant households in England in the year
2011. The bar chart compares figures for occupants' age and gender, and the pie chart
shows data about the number of bedrooms in these homes.
Overall, females made up a higher proportion of people living alone than males, and this
difference is particularly noticeable in the older age categories. We can also see that the
most common number of bedrooms in a single-occupant home was two.

A significant majority of the people aged 65 or over who were living alone in England in
2011 were female. Women made up around 72% of single occupants aged 75 to 84, and
76% of those aged 85 or over. By contrast, among younger adults the figures for males
were higher. For example, in the 35-49 age category, men accounted for nearly 65% of
people living alone.
In the same year, 35.4% of one-person households in England had two bedrooms, while
one-bedroom and three-bedroom homes accounted for 28% and 29.8% of the total. Under
7% of single-occupant homes had four or more bedrooms.
3.1. Tips for table
Tables seem difficult when they contain a lot of numbers. Here's some advice:
Try to write 4 paragraphs - introduction, summary of main points, 2 detail

paragraphs
Before you start writing, highlight some key numbers. Choose the biggest
number in each category in the table (i.e. in each column and row). If the table
shows years, look for the biggest changes in numbers over the time period. You
could also mention the smallest numbers, but you can ignore 'middle' numbers
(neither biggest nor smallest).
For your summary paragraph, try to compare whole categories (columns

or rows) rather than individual 'cells' in the table. If you can't compare
whole categories, compare the biggest and smallest number. Write 2
sentences for the summary.
In your two 'details' paragraphs, never describe each category (column

or row) separately. The examiner wants to see comparisons. Try to organise
the numbers you highlighted into 2 groups - one for each paragraph (e.g.
highest numbers for all categories together, and lowest numbers together).
Describe / compare the numbers you highlighted - include at least 3 numbers

in each paragraph.

Use the past simple for past years, and 'will' or 'is expected/predicted to'
for future years. If no time is shown, use the present simple.

The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities.
The table shows data about the underground rail networks in six major cities.
The table compares the six networks in terms of their age, size and the number of
people who use them each year. It is clear that the three oldest underground
systems are larger and serve significantly more passengers than the newer systems.
The London underground is the oldest system, having opened in 1863. It is also
the largest system, with 394 kilometres of route. The second largest system, in
Paris, is only about half the size of the London underground, with 199 kilometres
of route. However, it serves more people per year. While only third in terms of
size, the Tokyo system is easily the most used, with 1927 million passengers per
year.
Of the three newer networks, the Washington DC underground is the most

extensive, with 126 kilometres of route, compared to only 11 kilometres and 28
kilometres for the Kyoto and Los Angeles systems. The Los Angeles network is the
newest, having opened in 2001, while the Kyoto network is the smallest and serves
only 45 million passengers per year.
(185 words)

Poverty proportion in Australia
The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in
poverty in Australia in 1999.
The table gives information about poverty rates among six types of household in
Australia in the year 1999.
It is noticeable that levels of poverty were higher for single people than for
couples, and people with children were more likely to be poor than those
without. Poverty rates were considerably lower among elderly people.
Overall, 11% of Australians, or 1,837,000 people, were living in poverty in

1999. Aged people were the least likely to be poor, with poverty levels of 6%
and 4% for single aged people and aged couples respectively.
Just over one fifth of single parents were living in poverty, whereas only 12%
of parents living with a partner were classed as poor. The same pattern can be
seen for people with no children: while 19% of single people in this group were
living below the poverty line, the figure for couples was much lower, at only 7%.
(150 words, band 9)

The table compares the percentages of people using different functions of their mobile
phones between 2006 and 2010. 
Throughout the period shown, the main reason why people used their mobile phones was to
make calls. However, there was a marked increase in the popularity of other mobile phone
features, particularly the Internet search feature.
In 2006, 100% of mobile phone owners used their phones to make calls, while the next most
popular functions were text messaging (73%) and taking photos (66%). By contrast, less than
20% of owners played games or music on their phones, and there were no figures for users
doing Internet searches or recording video.
Over the following 4 years, there was relatively little change in the figures for the top three
mobile phone features. However, the percentage of people using their phones to access the
Internet jumped to 41% in 2008 and then to 73% in 2010. There was also a significant rise in
the use of mobiles to play games and to record video, with figures reaching 41% and 35%
respectively in 2010.
Note:
The above essay isn't perfect, but it's still good enough for a band 9. You are not expected to
write a masterpiece in only 20 minutes.

Daily activities
The chart below shows average hours and minutes spent by UK males and
females on different daily activities.
The table compares the average ______ of time per day that men and women in the
UK spend ______ different activities.
It is clear that people in the UK spend more time ______ than doing any other
daily activity. Also, there are significant differences between the time ______
by men and women on employment/study and housework.
On average, men and women in the UK ______ for about 8 hours per day.
Leisure ______ ______ the second largest proportion of their time. Men spend 5
hours and 25 minutes doing various leisure activities, such as watching TV or
doing sport, ______ women have 4 hours and 53 minutes of leisure time.
It is noticeable that men work or study for an average of 79 minutes more than
women every day. By contrast, women spend 79 minutes more than men doing
housework, and they spend ______ ______ as much time looking after children.

The table below gives information on consumer spending on different
items in five different countries in 2002.
Percentage of national consumer expenditure by category - 2002
The table shows percentages of consumer expenditure for three categories of

products and services in five countries in 2002.
It is clear that the largest proportion of consumer spending in each country went
on food, drinks and tobacco. On the other hand, the leisure/education
category has the lowest percentages in the table.
Out of the five countries, consumer spending on food, drinks and tobacco was
noticeably higher in Turkey, at 32.14%, and Ireland, at nearly 29%. The
proportion of spending on leisure and education was also highest in Turkey, at
4.35%, while expenditure on clothing and footwear was significantly higher in
Italy, at 9%, than in any of the other countries.
It can be seen that Sweden had the lowest percentages of national consumer
expenditure for food/drinks/tobacco and for clothing/footwear, at nearly 16% and
just over 5% respectively. Spain had slightly higher figures for these
categories, but the lowest figure for leisure/education, at only 1.98%.

The table below shows changes in the numbers of residents cycling to work in different
areas of the UK between 2001 and 2011.
The table compares the numbers of people who cycled to work in twelve areas of the UK in
the years 2001 and 2011.
Overall, the number of UK commuters who travelled to work by bicycle rose considerably
over the 10-year period. Inner London had by far the highest number of cycling commuters
in both years.
In 2001, well over 43 thousand residents of inner London commuted by bicycle, and this
figure rose to more than 106 thousand in 2011, an increase of 144%. By contrast, although
outer London had the second highest number of cycling commuters in each year, the
percentage change, at only 45%, was the lowest of the twelve areas shown in the table.
Brighton and Hove saw the second biggest increase (109%) in the number of residents
cycling to work, but Bristol was the UK’s second city in terms of total numbers of cycling
commuters, with 8,108 in 2001 and 15,768 in 2011. Figures for the other eight areas were
below the 10 thousand mark in both years.
(172 words, band 9)

4. Pie chart
The pie charts compare the amount of electricity produced using five different
sources of fuel in two countries over two separate years.
Total electricity production increased dramatically from 1980 to 2000 in both

Australia and France. While the totals for both countries were similar, there were
big differences in the fuel sources used.
Coal was used to produce 50 of the total 100 units of electricity in Australia in
1980, rising to 130 out of 170 units in 2000. By contrast, nuclear power became
the most important fuel source in France in 2000, producing almost 75% of the
country’s electricity.
Australia depended on hydro power for just under 25% of its electricity in both
years, but the amount of electricity produced using this type of power fell from 5 to
only 2 units in France. Oil, on the other hand, remained a relatively important
fuel source in France, but its use declined in Australia. Both countries relied
on natural gas for electricity production significantly more in 1980 than in 2000.

Fill the gaps with these words:
constitutes, drops, amount, fifth, higher, make, one, relative, figure, up
The pie charts compare the proportion of carbohydrates, protein and fat in three
different diets, namely an average diet, a healthy diet, and a healthy diet for sport.
It is noticeable that sportspeople require a diet comprising a significantly higher

proportion of carbohydrates than an average diet or a healthy diet. The average
diet contains the lowest percentage of carbohydrates but the highest proportion of
protein.
Carbohydrates ______ ______ 60% of the healthy diet for sport. This is 10%
______ than the proportion of carbohydrates in a normal healthy diet, and 20%
more than the proportion in an average diet. On the other hand, people who eat an
average diet consume a greater ______ ______ of protein (40%) than those who eat
a healthy diet (30%) and sportspeople (25%).
The third compound shown in the charts is fat. Fat ______ exactly ______
______ of both the average diet and the healthy diet, but the ______ ______ to
only 15% for the healthy sports diet.

The pie charts compare the proportions of people falling into three distinct age groups in
Yemen and Italy in two different years.
It is clear that Italy had the older population in the year 2000, and that the same is
predicted for the year 2050. The populations of both countries are expected to age over
the fifty-year period.
In the year 2000, just over half of the population of Yemen was aged 14 or under, while
most Italians (61.6%) fell into the 15 to 59 age group, and only 14.3% were children under
15 years of age. People aged 60 or over accounted for almost a quarter of the Italian
population, but only 3.6% of the inhabitants of Yemen
By 2050, the proportion of children under 15 is predicted to drop in both countries, most
noticeably in Yemen where the figure is expected to fall by 13.1%. On the other hand, the
figures for elderly people are expected to rise, by 2.1% in Yemen and a massive 18.2% in

Italy. Finally, it is anticipated that the 15 to 59 age group will grow by around 10% in
Yemen, but shrink by around 15% in Italy.
The pie charts compare the expenditure of a school in the UK in three different years over a
20-year period.
It is clear that teachers’ salaries made up the largest proportion of the school’s spending in all
three years (1981, 1991 and 2001). By contrast, insurance was the smallest cost in each year.
In 1981, 40% of the school’s budget went on teachers’ salaries. This figure rose to 50% in
1991, but fell again by 5% in 2001. The proportion of spending on other workers’ wages fell
steadily over the 20-year period, from 28% of the budget in 1981 to only 15% in 2001.
Expenditure on insurance stood at only 2% of the total in 1981, but reached 8% in 2001.
Finally, the percentages for resources and furniture/equipment fluctuated. The figure for
resources was highest in 1991, at 20%, and the proportion of spending on furniture and
equipment reached its peak in 2001, at 23%.

Village of Chorleywood
The map shows the growth of a village called Chorleywood between 1868 and 1994.
It is clear that the village grew as the transport infrastructure was improved. Four
periods of development are shown on the map, and each of the populated areas is
near to the main roads, the railway or the motorway.
From 1868 to 1883, Chorleywood covered a small area next to one of the
main roads. Chorleywood Park and Golf Course is now located next to this
original village area. The village grew along the main road to the south between
1883 and 1922, and in 1909 a railway line was built crossing this area from west to
east. Chorleywood station is in this part of the village.
The expansion of Chorleywood continued to the east and west alongside the railway
line until 1970. At that time, a motorway was built to the east of the village, and
from 1970 to 1994, further development of the village took place around motorway
intersections with the railway and one of the main roads.

Gallery
The first picture shows the layout of an art gallery, and the second shows some
proposed changes to the gallery space.
It is clear that significant changes will be made in terms of the use of floor
space in the gallery. There will be a completely new entrance and more space for
exhibitions.
At present, visitors enter the gallery through doors which lead into a lobby.
However, the plan is to move the entrance to the Parkinson Court side of the
building, and visitors will walk straight into the exhibition area. In place of the
lobby and office areas, which are shown on the existing plan, the new gallery plan
shows an education area and a small storage area.
The permanent exhibition space in the redeveloped gallery will be about twice as
large as it is now because it will occupy the area that is now used for temporary
exhibitions. There will also be a new room for special exhibitions. This room is

shown in red on the existing plan and is not currently part of the gallery. ( band 9)
The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of some tourist
facilities.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

The diagrams illustrate some changes to a small island which has been developed for
tourism.
It is clear that the island has changed considerably with the introduction of tourism, and six
new features can be seen in the second diagram. The main developments are that the island is
accessible and visitors have somewhere to stay.

Looking at the maps in more detail, we can see that small huts have been built to
accommodate visitors to the island. The other physical structures that have been added are a
reception building, in the middle of the island, and a restaurant to the north of the reception.
Before these developments, the island was completely bare apart from a few trees.
As well as the buildings mentioned above, the new facilities on the island include a pier,
where boats can dock. There is also a short road linking the pier with the reception and
restaurant, and footpaths connect the huts. Finally, there is a designated swimming area for
tourists off a beach on the western tip of the island.
(175 words, band 9)
Range of verb tenses, and use of both - where boats can dock*
active and passive: - a designated swimming area

- the western tip* of the island
- has been developed, have been built
- has changed *huts, dock and tip might be the words
- can be seen that most impress the examiner in this
- is, are, include essay. Can you think why? Does this
- was surprise you?
Phrases and collocations that would

impress the examiner:
- with the introduction of tourism

- new features
- main developments
- the island is accessible
- small huts*
- to accommodate visitors
- physical structures
- in the middle of, to the north of
- completely bare apart from

House design
The diagrams show how house designs differ according to climate.
The most noticeable difference between houses designed for cool and warm
climates is in the shape of the roof. The designs also differ with regard to the
windows and the use of insulation.
We can see that the cool climate house has a high-angled roof, which allows
sunlight to enter through the window. By contrast, the roof of the warm climate
house has a peak in the middle and roof overhangs to shade the windows. Insulation
and thermal building materials are used in cool climates to reduce heat loss,
whereas insulation and reflective materials are used to keep the heat out in warm
climates.
Finally, the cool climate house has one window which faces the direction of the
sun, while the warm climate house has windows on two sides which are shaded
from the sun. By opening the two windows at night, the house designed for warm

climates can be ventilated. (162 words, band 9)
2 proposed supermarket
The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for
the town. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.
The map shows two potential locations (S1 and S2) for a new supermarket in a
town called Garlsdon.
The main difference between the two sites is that S1 is outside the town, whereas
S2 is in the town centre. The sites can also be compared in terms of access by
road or rail, and their positions relative to three smaller towns.
Looking at the information in more detail, S1 is in the countryside to the north

west of Garlsdon, but it is close to the residential area of the town. S2 is also
close to the housing area, which surrounds the town centre.

There are main roads from Hindon, Bransdon and Cransdon to Garlsdon town
centre, but this is a no traffic zone, so there would be no access to S2 by car. By
contrast, S1 lies on the main road to Hindon, but it would be more difficult to
reach from Bransdon and Cransdon. Both supermarket sites are close to the
railway that runs through Garlsdon from Hindon to Cransdon. (171)
Cách 2:
The map compares two potential locations for the building of a new supermarket in a town
called Garlsdon.
The main difference between the two sites is that one is located in the countryside outside the
town, whereas the other is in the town centre. Both potential sites are close to the railway,
and reasonably near to a main road.
The first possible site for the supermarket (S1) is located in an area of countryside to the
north west of Garlsdon. It is close to the railway line and to a main road connecting Garlsdon
to the smaller town of Hindon. It is also situated near to the residential housing area of
Garlsdon.
The second site (S2), by contrast, is in Garlsdon town centre. It is also accessible by rail, but
not by road because the town centre is a no-traffic zone. Despite this, the main roads to
Cransdon, Bransdon and Hindon are not too far away. The distance to Garlsdon’s
housing area is similar to the distance from S1 to the same area.
(174 words, band 9)

6. Process
6.1. Tips for process diagram
Process diagrams show how something is done or made. They always show
steps/stages. Here's some advice about how to describe them:
Try to write 4 paragraphs - introduction, summary of main points, 2 detail

paragraphs.
· Write the introduction by paraphrasing the question (rewrite it by changing

some of the words).
· For your summary, first say how many steps there are in the process.
Then say where/how the process begins and ends (look at the first and last
stages).
In paragraphs 3 and 4, describe the process step by step. Include the first and
last steps that you mentioned in the summary, but try to describe them in
more detail or in a different way.
· You could describe the steps in one paragraph, but it looks more
organised if you break the description into two paragraphs. Just start
paragraph 4 somewhere in the middle of the process.
· Mention every stage in the process.
· Use 'sequencing' language e.g. at the first / second / following / final

stage of the process, next, after that, then, finally etc.
· Times (e.g. past dates) are not usually shown, so use the present simple tense.

It's usually a good idea to use the passive e.g. 'At the final stage, the
product is delivered to shops' (because we don't need to know who delivered
the product).
Forecast in Australia
The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology collects
up- to-the-minute information on the weather in order to produce reliable
forecasts.
The figure illustrates the process used by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology to
forecast the weather.
There are four stages in the process, beginning with the collection of information

about the weather. This information is then analysed, prepared for presentation, and
finally broadcast to the public.
Looking at the first and second stages of the process, there are three ways of
collecting weather data and three ways of analysing it. Firstly, incoming
information can be received by satellite and presented for analysis as a satellite
photo. The same data can also be passed to a radar station and presented on a
radar screen or synoptic chart. Secondly, incoming information may be
collected directly by radar and analysed on a radar screen or synoptic chart.
Finally, drifting buoys also receive data which can be shown on a synoptic chart.
At the third stage of the process, the weather broadcast is prepared on computers.
Finally, it is delivered to the public on television, on the radio, or as a recorded
telephone announcement.
(170)
The diagram below shows how coffee is produced and prepared for sale in supermarkets
and shops.

The picture illustrates the process of coffee manufacture and preparation for sale on the
market.
It is clear that there are 11 stages in the production of coffee. The process begins with the
picking of coffee beans, and ends at the packing stage.
Looking at the coffee production process in detail, coffee beans must first be picked in the
fields. These beans are then dried, roasted, and cooled before being put in a grinding
machine, which turns the beans into coffee granules.
At the sixth stage in the process, the ground coffee is mixed with hot water, and the resulting
mixture is strained. Next, the mixture is frozen and then passed once again through the
grinder. After that, the ground, frozen liquid is dried in a vacuum so that the water

evaporates, leaving the coffee granules. Finally, these granules are packed into coffee jars for
delivery to shops
6.3. Brick manufactuting
At the beginning of the process, clay is dug from the ground. The clay is put through a
metal grid, and it passes onto a roller where it is mixed with sand and water. After that,
the clay can be shaped into bricks in two ways: either it is put in a mould, or a wire cutter
is used.
At the fourth stage in the process, the clay bricks are placed in a drying oven for
one to two days. Next, the bricks are heated in a kiln at a moderate temperature
(200 - 900 degrees Celsius) and then at a high temperature (up to 1300 degrees),
before spending two to three days in a cooling chamber. Finally, the finished
bricks are packaged and delivered.

The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling.
The flow chart shows how waste paper is recycled.
It is clear that there are six distinct stages in this process, from the initial collection of waste
paper to the eventual production of usable paper.
At the first stage in the paper recycling process, waste paper is collected either from paper
banks, where members of the public leave their used paper, or directly from businesses. This
paper is then sorted by hand and separated according to its grade, with any paper that is not
suitable for recycling being removed. Next, the graded paper is transported to a paper mill.
Stages four and five of the process both involve cleaning. The paper is cleaned and pulped,
and foreign objects such as staples are taken out. Following this, all remnants of ink and glue
are removed from the paper at the de-inking stage. Finally, the pulp can be processed in a
paper making machine, which makes the end product: usable paper.
(160 words, band 9)
Note: I joined the introduction and overview together because they were both short. Try to
analyse the essay - why is it worth band 9?
Vocabulary
there are six distinct stages


from the initial collection... to Stages four and five
the eventual production both involve cleaning
members of the public foreign objects are taken out
directly from businesses remnants of ink and glue
separated according to its grade the end product
Grammar
six distinct stages, from... to... (good use of 'from-to' after comma)
where members of the public... (inclusion of extra information between commas)
This paper (use of 'this' to refer back to an idea in the previous sentence)
with any paper... being (use of with + ing to add extra information)
cleaned, pulped, taken out, removed (use of passive verb forms instead of nouns
shown on the diagram)
which makes the end product (use of relative pronoun 'which' to connect ideas)

...nymph = immature form of an insect
moult = shed or lose old feathers, hair or skin to allow for new growth
The diagram illustrates the various stages in the life of a honey bee. We can see that the
complete life cycle lasts between 34 and 36 days. It is also noticeable that there are five main
stages in the development of the honey bee, from egg to mature adult insect.
The life cycle of the honey bee begins when the female adult lays an egg; the female
typically lays one or two eggs every 3 days. Between 9 and 10 days later, each egg hatches
and the immature insect, or nymph, appears.
During the third stage of the life cycle, the nymph grows in size and sheds its skin three
times. This moulting first takes place 5 days after the egg hatches, then 7 days later, and
again another 9 days later. After a total of 30 to 31 days from the start of the cycle, the young
adult honey bee emerges from its final moulting stage, and in the space of only 4 days it
reaches full maturity.

(169 words, band 9)

The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of
water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.
The picture illustrates the way in which water passes from ocean to air to land
during the natural process known as the water cycle.
Three main stages are shown on the diagram. Ocean water evaporates, falls as
rain, and eventually runs back into the oceans again.
Beginning at the evaporation stage, we can see that 80% of water vapour in the
air comes from the oceans. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate, and water
vapour condenses to form clouds. At the second stage, labelled ‘precipitation’ on
the diagram, water falls as rain or snow.
At the third stage in the cycle, rainwater may take various paths. Some of it may
fall into lakes or return to the oceans via ‘surface runoff’. Otherwise, rainwater may
filter through the ground, reaching the impervious layer of the earth. Salt water
intrusion is shown to take place just before groundwater passes into the oceans to
complete the cycle.

(156 words, band 9)
IELTS Writing Task 1: don't use these phrases

Can you see what's wrong with the phrases below? Try to explain the problem with each
phrase, and suggest a better alternative.
1. The bar chart displays the percentage of...

2. A glance at the bar chart provided reveals...
3. From an overall perspective, it is clear from the evidence that...
4. Looking at the pie chart, it is noticed that...
5. As can be seen, the figures show that...
First, it's important to point out that there were no grammar mistakes in the phrases. In
each case, the problem is that there is something 'unnatural', unnecessary, or
inappropriate in the phrase. Here are my suggestions.
1. I wouldn't use "displays". "The bar chart displays" seems strange to me as a native
speaker. Just stick with "shows", "compares" or "illustrates". Read this lesson:
http://ielts-simon.com/ielts-help-and-english-pr/2014/07/ielts-writing-task-1-shows-
compares-illustrates.html
2. "A glance at the bar chart reveals" is very strange - no native speaker would write
this. Although the meaning of "glance" is to look quickly, this word isn't appropriate in
this context. Just use: "It is clear that" or "it is noticeable that".
3. Just write: "Overall, it is clear that...". Adding the words "perspective" and "evidence"
just make the phrase seem forced and unnatural. The examiner won't be impressed.
4. Don't write "it is noticed that". Change it to "it is noticeable that".
5. "As can be seen" and "the figures show" seems like unnecessary repetition to me -
too many words for such a simple job. Just write "we can see that..." OR "the chart
shows". Don't write both phrases together.
NOTE:
The overall problem that I'm highlighting in this lesson is that so many students think
that "difficult" linking phrases are the key to a high score. They are not!
Remember: the examiner wants to read your description of the information shown on
the chart. Use short, simple linking phrases, and spend more time describing the

information in detail. This is the key to a high score. Look through my task 1 lessons to
see how I focus on the information rather than the linking.

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BÀI MẪU

Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

Web: ielts-simon.com WEB: http://etrain.edu.vn/

· Try to write 4 paragraphs - introduction, summary of main points, 2 detail

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Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

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Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

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produced, reaching fell, responsible, saw, considerably, terms, drop, dramatic

Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

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Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

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In 1993, around 18% of English 16 to 24-year-olds living _outside____ London were

Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

Web: ielts-simon.com WEB: http://etrain.edu.vn/

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In 1940, around 9% of Americans were aged 65 or over, compared to about 7% of Swedish

(178 words, band 9)

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Two possible main points for your overview / summary:

Select key details:

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In 2001, US consumers spent an average of nearly $700 on residential phone services,

(162 words, band 9)

Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

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Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

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Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

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People in developing nations attended school for an average of around 3 years,

From 1980 to 1990, the number of scientists and technicians in industrialised

Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

Web: ielts-simon.com WEB: http://etrain.edu.vn/

Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

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Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

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Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

Web: ielts-simon.com WEB: http://etrain.edu.vn/

Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

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Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

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(165 words, band 9)

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(173 words, band 9)

Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

Web: ielts-simon.com WEB: http://etrain.edu.vn/

(178 words, band 9)

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(197 words, band 9)

Tác giả: Simon ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER

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Living alone in England by age and gender, 2011