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    Introduction To Personal Computer Components

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    Mohammadreza Fasihi
    This chapter introduces the components of a personal computer system. It discusses the input, output, storage, and processing units. The input unit accepts data and instructions and converts them to a format readable by the computer. The output unit converts results to a human readable format. The storage unit holds data, instructions, and results. The processing is performed by the central processing unit which includes the arithmetic logic unit and control unit. A computer system incorporates all of these integrated components working together to process programs.

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    Introduction To Personal Computer Components

    Uploaded by

    Mohammadreza Fasihi
    13 views18 pages
    This chapter introduces the components of a personal computer system. It discusses the input, output, storage, and processing units. The input unit accepts data and instructions and converts them to a format readable by the computer. The output unit converts results to a human readable format. The storage unit holds data, instructions, and results. The processing is performed by the central processing unit which includes the arithmetic logic unit and control unit. A computer system incorporates all of these integrated components working together to process programs.

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    Introduction_to_Computer_Science_Ch02

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    This chapter introduces the components of a personal computer system. It discusses the input, output, storage, and processing units. The input unit accepts data and instructions and converts them to a format readable by the computer. The output unit converts results to a human readable format. The storage unit holds data, instructions, and results. The processing is performed by the central processing unit which includes the arithmetic logic unit and control unit. A computer system incorporates all of these integrated components working together to process programs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views18 pages

    Introduction To Personal Computer Components

    Uploaded by

    Mohammadreza Fasihi
    This chapter introduces the components of a personal computer system. It discusses the input, output, storage, and processing units. The input unit accepts data and instructions and converts them to a format readable by the computer. The output unit converts results to a human readable format. The storage unit holds data, instructions, and results. The processing is performed by the central processing unit which includes the arithmetic logic unit and control unit. A computer system incorporates all of these integrated components working together to process programs.

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    You are on page 1of 18

    Chapter 2

    Introduction to Personal
    Computer Components
    Introduction to Computer Science
    Reminder
    Computer

    Data Processing

    Characteristic features of Computers

    Computers’ evolution to their present form

    Computer generations

    Characteristic features of each Computer generation

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 2 / 18


    Learning Objectives
    ➢ Basic operations of a Computer System
    ➢ Basic organization of a Computer System
    ➢ Input unit and its functions
    ➢ Output unit and its functions
    ➢ Storage unit and its functions
    ➢ Types of storage used in a Computer System

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 3 / 18


    Learning Objectives
    ➢ Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
    ➢ Control Unit (CU)
    ➢ Central Processing Unit (CPU)
    ➢ Computer as a system

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 4 / 18


    Basic operations of a Computer System
    Inputting Storing Processing Outputting Controlling

    The process Saving data & Performing The process Directing the
    of entering instructions arithmetic or of producing manner and
    data and to make them logical useful sequence in
    instructions readily operations on information which all of
    into the available for data to or results for the above
    computer initial or convert them the user such operations
    system additional into useful as a printed are
    processing information report or performed
    whenever visual display
    required

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 5 / 18


    Basic organization of a Computer System

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 6 / 18


    Input unit functions
    ➢ It accepts (or reads) instructions and data (numbers, words,
    actions, …) from outside world.
    ➢ It converts these instructions and data to computer acceptable
    form.
    ➢ It supplies the converted instructions and data to the computer
    system for further processing.
    ➢ Examples of input devices include keyboard, mouse, barcode
    readers, Optical Character Readers (OCR).

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 7 / 18


    Output unit functions
    ➢ It accepts the results produced by the computer, which are in
    coded form and hence, cannot be easily understood by us.
    ➢ It converts these coded results to human acceptable (readable)
    form.
    ➢ It supplies the converted results to outside world.
    ➢ Examples of output devices include monitors, screens, printers
    and speakers.

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 8 / 18


    Storage unit functions
    The storage unit of a computer system holds (or stores) the
    following:
    ➢ Data and instructions required for processing (received from input
    devices)
    ➢ Intermediate results of processing
    ➢ Final results of processing, before they are released to an output
    device

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 9 / 18


    Two Types of Storage
    1. Primary Storage
    ➢ Used to hold running program instructions
    ➢ Used to hold data, intermediate results, and results of ongoing
    processing of job(s)
    ➢ Fast in operation
    ➢ Small Capacity
    ➢ Expensive & Volatile (looses data on power dissipation)

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 10 / 18


    Two Types of Storage
    2. Secondary storage
    ➢ Used to hold stored program instructions
    ➢ Used to hold data and information of stored jobs
    ➢ Slower than primary storage
    ➢ Large Capacity & Lot cheaper than primary storage
    ➢ Retains data even without power

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 11 / 18


    Two Types of Storage
    Random Access
    Memory (RAM) Solid State Storage
    devices (USB
    Read Only memory sticks)
    Memory (ROM)
    Primary Optical Storage
    Secondary devices (CD, DVD
    Storage Storage and Blu-ray discs)
    Cache
    Memory
    magnetic storage
    devices (Hard
    Flash disk drives)
    Memory

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 12 / 18


    Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
    ➢ Arithmetic and Logic Unit of a computer system is the place
    where the actual executions of instructions takes place during
    processing operation.
    ➢ It does basic mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction,
    division, multiplication, etc.
    ➢ It can perform logical functions like the comparison of data.

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 13 / 18


    Control Unit (CU)
    ➢ Control Unit of a computer system manages and coordinates the
    operations of all other components of the computer system.
    ➢ The Control Unit collects data from input units and sends it to
    processing units depending on its nature.
    ➢ It also transmits processed data to output units for users.

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 14 / 18


    Central Processing Unit (CPU)
    ➢ It is the brain of a computer system
    ➢ It is responsible for controlling the operations of all other units of
    a computer system

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 15 / 18


    The System Concept
    A system has following three characteristics:
    1. A system has more than one element.
    2. All elements of a system are logically related.
    3. All elements of a system are controlled in a manner to achieve the system
    goal.
    A computer is a system as it comprises of integrated components
    (input unit, output unit, storage unit, and CPU) that work together to
    perform the steps called for in the executing program.

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 16 / 18


    Elements of a Computer System

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 17 / 18


    Keywords / Phrases
    ▪ Arithmetic Logic Unit ▪ Inputting ▪ Read Only Memory
    ▪ Cache Memory ▪ Magnetic storage device ▪ Secondary storage
    ▪ Central Processing Unit ▪ Optical storage device ▪ Solid state storage
    ▪ Computer system ▪ Output interface ▪ Storage unit
    ▪ Control Unit ▪ Output unit ▪ Storing
    ▪ Controlling ▪ Outputting ▪ System
    ▪ Flash Memory ▪ Primary storage
    ▪ Input interface ▪ Processing
    ▪ Input unit ▪ Random Access Memory

    Chapter 2: Introduction to Personal Computer Components 18 / 18

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